Download - Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview
![Page 1: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview
There are many Common-Air-Interface (CAI) standards in use throughout the world.“Old” standards that will die very slowly: AMPS, POCSAG.“New” standards that flopped: CT2.“Slow-to-Start” standards: CDPD, DECT, PACS, IS-54(USDC).Big winners of the near future: IS-95 (CDMA), GSM (TDMA), IS-136 (USDC TDMA).Big winner applications: Wireless Local Loop, Position Location, Cordless/Cellular.
![Page 2: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Typical Cellular System
Base station provides radio access between mobile users and Mobile Switching Center (MSC).
Identically labeled channels in the two bands form a forward and reverse channel pair for duplex communication (45 MHz separation).
![Page 3: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
U.S. Cellular Channel Plan
![Page 4: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Wide Area Paging
The paging control center dispatches pages received throughout several cities simultaneously.Wide area paging systems simulcast a page from base stations in the coverage areas.Transmit powers are generally high (kilowatt range) and data rates low to insure good indoor penetration.
![Page 5: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cordless telephones are becoming an integral part of the wireless infrastructure. Some cordless telephones are capable of operating in several modes: as a normal cordless at home, as a cellular phone while traveling, and as a wireless PBX in the office. Cordless phones may also include paging functions.
![Page 6: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Example: The U.S. PCS Phenomenon
A and B Block MTA Licenses sold for $7.7 Billion (30 MHz).
C Block BTA licenses sold for $13 Billion (30 MHz).
Smaller D, E, and F Blocks to be auctioned
Two license-free bands in 1910 - 1930 MHz for voice (isochronous) and data (asynchronous)
Leading U.S. PCS winners:
![Page 7: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Example: U.S. Mobile Radio Spectrum
![Page 8: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Example: U.S. Mobile Radio Spectrum
![Page 9: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CDMA Cellular/PCS System
![Page 10: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How Cellular Systems Work
Two-Way Cellular Communication relies on a
variety of channels to ensure call connection and delivery.
Control Channels: Channels used as beacons for idle mobiles and access to traffic channels.
Traffic Channels: Channels used to support customer voice calls and messages.
Signaling Channels: Channels used to provide network and hand-off signals during customer communications.
![Page 11: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How Cellular Systems WorkAnalog Mobile Phone System (AMPS)
The Forward Link: Forward Control Channel (FCC): Sends a continuous beacon message,
provides registrations, and issues pages to mobiles by sending MIN. Voice channels are assigned from this channel.
Forward Voice Channel (FVC): Handles the voice call - customer traffic from the PSTN to the mobile.
Supervisory Audio Tone (SAT): Nominal 6kHz audio tone. Handles base station call management and supervises the voice channel while in use.
The Reverse Link: Reverse Control Channel (RCC): Handles call originations, registration
acknowledgments, and brief response messages sent by mobile. Collision is avoided by monitoring busy-idle bits on the FCC.
Reverse Voice Channel (RVC): Handles the mobile side of the voice call from subscriber to PSTN.
Signaling Tone (ST): ST denotes end-of-call, originated by mobile. SAT tone received on FVC is echoed back on the RVC to keep the voice channel allocation.
![Page 12: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How Cellular Systems WorkThe IS-95 CDMA System
Forward Channels (64 simultaneous channels orthogonal by Walsh functions): Pilot: Each Base Station (BS) is represented by a known 2^15 length PN code
word, where the timing offset specifies the BS location. Synch Channel: The BS provides a 1200 bps data signal which provides
timing information to the mobile, so it can synchronize to all other forward channels.
Paging Channel: Up to eight paging channels are provided by each BS to dispatch call requests and control information to mobiles.
Forward Traffic Control: Carries voice or data to the mobile from the PSTN. Up to 63 traffic channels may be provided by each base station.
Reverse Channels: Access Channel: Allows mobile to send brief 20ms messages to register,
originate calls, and respond to pages. Traffic Channel: Carries voice or data from the mobile to the PSTN.
![Page 13: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
How Cellular Systems Work
![Page 14: Cellular, Paging, PCS Overview](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813b59550346895da44bed/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How Cellular Systems Work