Cells & Cell Reproduction Cells & Cell Reproduction
Objective: SWBAT Describe the human Objective: SWBAT Describe the human body systems and the processes which body systems and the processes which organisms useorganisms use
IA: Human Body Systems QuizIA: Human Body Systems Quiz
Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization
CellsCells
TissuesTissues
OrgansOrgans
Organ SystemsOrgan Systems
OrganismOrganism
What are the levels of organization What are the levels of organization in the human body?in the human body?
Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
Function:Function: Breathing brings air into the lungs and Breathing brings air into the lungs and
removes waste gasesremoves waste gases Cellular respiration converts oxygen and Cellular respiration converts oxygen and
glucose to carbon dioxide, water and energyglucose to carbon dioxide, water and energy
Diseases of respiratory systemDiseases of respiratory system
Lung Cancer -3rd Lung Cancer -3rd leading cause of death leading cause of death in men and women in in men and women in the U.S.the U.S.
Emphysema ( causes Emphysema ( causes aveoli to enlarge)aveoli to enlarge)
Asthma (lung Asthma (lung disorder)disorder)
The Nervous SystemThe Nervous System
Receives information about what is Receives information about what is happening inside and outside your bodyhappening inside and outside your body
Directs the way that your body responds to Directs the way that your body responds to this informationthis information
Helps maintain homeostasisHelps maintain homeostasis Has 2 divisions that work together:Has 2 divisions that work together:
– Central nervous systemCentral nervous system– Peripheral nervous systemPeripheral nervous system
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System Control center of the bodyControl center of the body The brain is part of the central The brain is part of the central
nervous system that controls nervous system that controls most functions in the body.most functions in the body.
The spinal cord is the thick The spinal cord is the thick column of nerves that links the column of nerves that links the brain to most of the nerves in brain to most of the nerves in the body.the body.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19588.jpg
Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
Consists of nerves that branch out from the Consists of nerves that branch out from the central nervous system and connect it to the central nervous system and connect it to the rest of your body.rest of your body.
43 pairs of nerves in peripheral nervous 43 pairs of nerves in peripheral nervous systemsystem– One nerve in each pair goes to the left side of One nerve in each pair goes to the left side of
the body and the other nerve goes to the right the body and the other nerve goes to the right side. Start at the spinal chord. side. Start at the spinal chord.
Organs of the circulatory Organs of the circulatory systemsystem
HeartHeart VeinsVeins ArteriesArteries CapillariesCapillaries
HeartHeart
Made of cardiac muscle Made of cardiac muscle tissuetissue
Has 4 compartments Has 4 compartments called chambers: two called chambers: two upper are atriums, two upper are atriums, two lower are ventricles.lower are ventricles.
Heart has arteries just Heart has arteries just and veins just like any and veins just like any other muscleother muscle
VeinsVeins
Veins carry Veins carry blood back to blood back to the heart.the heart.
Veins have Veins have valvesvalves
ArteriesArteries
Carry blood away Carry blood away from your heartfrom your heart
Have thick, Have thick, elastic walls elastic walls made of tissue made of tissue and smooth and smooth musclemuscle
CapillariesCapillaries
Microscopic blood Microscopic blood vessels.vessels.
Walls are only one Walls are only one cell thickcell thick
Nutrients and Nutrients and oxygen diffuse oxygen diffuse from body cells from body cells into capillariesinto capillaries
BloodBlood Carries oxygen from Carries oxygen from
lungs to bodylungs to body Takes carbon dioxide Takes carbon dioxide
awayaway Carries waste products Carries waste products
to kidneysto kidneys Transports nutrientsTransports nutrients Red blood cells: Red blood cells:
transport oxygentransport oxygen White: help fight White: help fight
bacteria, viruses, etcbacteria, viruses, etc
Excretory SystemExcretory System
Gets rid of waste from Gets rid of waste from the bodythe body
Kidneys filter toxins Kidneys filter toxins from the bloodfrom the blood
Digestive SystemDigestive System Esophagus connects mouth Esophagus connects mouth
to stomachto stomach Stomach contains acid to Stomach contains acid to
break down food even morebreak down food even more The small intestine is where The small intestine is where
nutrients from food are nutrients from food are absorbed into the blood.absorbed into the blood.
Large intestines removes Large intestines removes not absorbed food and wastenot absorbed food and waste
Skeletal SystemSkeletal System
Provides shape and support Provides shape and support for the bodyfor the body
Protect organs and soft Protect organs and soft tissuestissues
Cartilage is located at the end Cartilage is located at the end of bones to cushion of bones to cushion movementmovement
Bones are connected by jointsBones are connected by joints
Muscular SystemMuscular System
Helps move the bodyHelps move the body
Voluntary muscles: Voluntary muscles: you choose to move you choose to move them. them.
Involuntary: Contract Involuntary: Contract on their own, ex: hearton their own, ex: heart
MusclesMuscles 3 types3 types
Skeletal: attached to bones to help you moveSkeletal: attached to bones to help you move
Cardiac: heart, pushes blood through the bodyCardiac: heart, pushes blood through the body
Smooth: intestines, bladder, blood vessels, internal Smooth: intestines, bladder, blood vessels, internal organs. These contract involuntairaly. organs. These contract involuntairaly.
Endocrine SystemEndocrine System Endocrine system Endocrine system
produces hormones which produces hormones which are that control many of are that control many of the body’s daily activities the body’s daily activities as well as long term as well as long term changes such as growth changes such as growth and developmentand development
Metabolism is affected by Metabolism is affected by hormones, aging and hormones, aging and exercise. exercise.
Reproductive SystemReproductive System
Sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction involves the production of involves the production of eggs by the female and eggs by the female and sperm by the male, which sperm by the male, which join together during join together during fertilization.fertilization.
Each sex cell (egg or Each sex cell (egg or sperm) contains half (23) sperm) contains half (23) of the chromosomes of the chromosomes required. (46 for humans)required. (46 for humans)
Human Body ProcessesHuman Body Processes
HomeostasisHomeostasis Ability of an organism to Ability of an organism to
maintain all of its body maintain all of its body functions properly functions properly
EquilibriumEquilibrium All body functions are All body functions are
working properlyworking properly
How homeostasis is maintained:How homeostasis is maintained:
Constant temperatureConstant temperature Enough nutritionEnough nutrition through absorption through absorption SleepSleep Fight off diseasesFight off diseases immunity immunity Move around Move around Locomotion Locomotion MetabolismMetabolism process which food is converted to energy process which food is converted to energy EliminationElimination removal of excess waste removal of excess waste
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