Download - Cells
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Chapter 3
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3.1 DISCOVERY
A. Robert Hooke1. Englishman2. 1660’s (Only 350 years ago)3. Called the tiny structures CELLS4. Observed CELL WALLS5. Living cells are liquid filled
B. Others 1. Schleiden later concluded all plants are
made up of cells2. Schwann later concluded all animals are made up of cells3. United study of Biology and led to cell
theory
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3.2 CELL THEORY
A. Cells are the basic units of structure in living things1. All living things are made up of cells
a. Unicellular - one celled - bacteria, protozoa
b. Multicellular – many cells - plants, animals
2. Organization in multicellular living things
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Multicellular Organization a. CELL
b. TISSUEGroups of the same kind of cell performing the same functionmuscle tissue, nerves, bone, blood
c. ORGANGroups of tissue performing the same functionstomach, liver, heart, kidney
d. SYSTEMGroups of organs performing a specific functiondigestive, nervous, circulatory, respiratory
e. ORGANISMSystems working together
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Multicellular Organization
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3.2 CELL THEORY
B. Cells are the basic unit of function1. Cells are the living parts
2. You are alive because your cells are alive
C. Cells come from pre-existing cells1. Cells come from cell before them
2. All living things start as a single cell
3. Cells reproduce by dividing
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3.3 CELL STRUCTURE
A. Cells show variation in:1. Size
2. Shape
3. Color
4. Parts
5. Function
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3.3 CELL STRUCTURE
B. Cells have many common features
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1. Not in animals
2. In plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria.
3. Protection
4. Gives shape and support
5. Made of cellulose (FIBER)
a. Nonliving material
b. Polysaccharide
A. CELL WALL
3.4 OUTSIDE THE CELL
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3.4 OUTSIDE THE CELLB. CELL MEMBRANE Plasma Membrane
1. Living Material
2. Surrounds all cells
3. Protection
4. Shape
5. Boundary
6. Selectively Permeable
a. Controls what moves in and out of cell
b. Allows food, oxygen, and water in and
waste products out
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1. CYTOPLASM
a. Jellylike material between
membrane and nucleus
b. Usually flows
c. Contains cell parts (ORGANELLES)
d. Cytosol is the liquid part
2. NUCLEOPLASM
a. Protoplasm inside nucleus
3.5 INSIDE THE CELL
A. PROTOPLASM
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1. MICROFILAMENTS and
MICROTUBULES
a. Made of protein
b. Helps shape and
support cells
2. CILIA and FLAGELLA
a. Made of Microtubules that
extend out from Cytoskeleton
b. Aid in movement
3.5 INSIDE THE CELL
B. CYTOSKELETON
Cilia
Flagella
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Cell partsPerform a specific functionWork together to keep the cell alive
C. ORGANELLES
3.5 INSIDE THE CELL
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a. Found in most cellsPROKARYOTES Cells with NO nucleus Lack membrane- bound organelles EX: bacteria, blue-green algaeEUKARYOTES Cells that have a nucleus EX: plants, animals
3.5 INSIDE THE CELL
1. NUCLEUSORGANELLES
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1. NUCLEUS
b. FunctionControl CenterCellular Reproduction
c. Parts of NucleusChromatin
Strands of dispersed DNAForm chromosomes
during cell divisionGenes on chromosomes
code for specific traits
3.5 INSIDE THE CELLORGANELLES
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c. Parts of Nucleus
Nuclear EnvelopeNuclear PoresNucleolusDirects synthesis of ribosomes
3.5 INSIDE THE CELLORGANELLES
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2. VACUOLES
3.5 INSIDE THE CELL
a. Storage b. In plants usually single
and largec. In animals small or absent
ORGANELLES
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3. PLASTIDS
3.5 INSIDE THE CELL
a. Only in plantsb. Types
LEUCOPLASTSFood storageCHROMOPLASTSPigments for color of fruits, flowers, and autumn leavesCHLOROPLASTSContain the green pigment chlorophyll for photosynthesis
ORGANELLES
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3.5 INSIDE THE CELL
4. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
a. ER b. Canal systemc. Transport of materials
through cellRough ERSmooth ER
ORGANELLES
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5. RIBOSOMES
3.5 INSIDE THE CELL
a. Knob-like organellesb. Sites of protein synthesisc. Location
Free floating in cytoplasm produce proteins for use inside the cell Attach to ER (rough ER) produce proteins that are exported
ORGANELLES
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6. GOLGI BODIES
3.5 INSIDE THE CELL
a. Stacks of sacsb. Receives proteins and lipids from ERc. Processing,
packaging, and secreting organelle
ORGANELLES
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7. MITOCHONDRIA
3.5 INSIDE THE CELL
a. Rod shapedb. “Powerhouses of the
Cell”c. Sites of cellular
respirationd. Abundant in active
cellse. Contain their own DNA
Can grow and divide
ORGANELLES
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8. LYSOSOMES
3.5 INSIDE THE CELL
a. Rare in plantsb. “Suicide Sacs”c. Contain enzymes that
can digest:Food particlesWorn out cell partsForeign invaders
ORGANELLES
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CELL STRUCTURES1. PLANT CELL 2. ANIMAL CELL
3. Cell Membrane4. Cytoplasm5. Centriole6. Cell Wall7. Nucleus8. Vacuole9. Chromatin
10. Golgi Body
13. Endoplasmic Reticulum
12. Mitochondrion11. Ribosome
14. Chloroplast
16. Lysosome15. Nucleolus