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Cell Theory&
The Scientists Involved
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Robert Hooke
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Cork oak (Quercus suber)
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Anton Van Leeuwenhock
• Date: 1600’s• Theory: saw living organisms in pond
water never seen before (animalcules).• Occupation: invented the simple
microscope (single lens)
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Cell Theory
• Cells are the structural units of all living things.(Cells carry on their own life functions)
• New cells can only arise from other cells by the process of cell division
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• Viruses are not made up of cells.
• Also viruses do not carry out there own life functions.
• Where did the first cells come from?
• Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA.
• Slime molds are multinucleated.
I’m the Herpes Virus
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We’re Influenza Viruses!
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• Slime molds do not have cells as a basic unit. They have an unorganized cytoplasm and many nuclei, they also do not have a distinct cell shape
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Organelle• A specialized structure
in the cytoplasm of a cell that carries out a specific function.
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Nucleus• Located in the center
of a cell, the nucleus is a large, dense, membrane-enclosed body that controls the cell’s metabolism and reproduction.
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Nucleolus• Site of RNA
(ribonucleic acid) production
• A dense, granular body found in the nucleus
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Cell membranes are semi-permeable. This means that the cell membrane only allows certain substances to pass through it. (Phospholipid bilayer)
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Large structure comprised of smaller subunits.
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According to the Fluid Mosaic Model the cell membrane Is a two layered structure composed of lipids and proteins.And is what we currently believe the cell membrane is composedof.
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A hairlike organelle on the surface of a cell
with the capacity for movement
Green arrows point to Cilia
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Flagella
• Involved in cell movement
• Only a few on the cell surface
• Whip-like tail• 9 microtubule doublets
arranged in pairs• 2 microtubules in
center
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Phagocytosis• The process in which
large particles or small organisms are ingested into a cell.
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PinocytosisThe process in which
liquids or very small particles are taken into a cell.
The substance is in contact with the surface of the cell membrane, the membrane pinches and forms a pouch.
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Cytoplasm
• A watery material located between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
• Holds the organelles
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
• A system of fluid filled canals or channels enclosed by membranes
• Serve as a path of transport throughout the cell
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum are lined by ribosomes.
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Ribosome• An organelle that is
the site of protein synthesis in a cell.
• They are produced by the nucleolus.
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Golgi Body
• Serve as packaging and storing centers for the secretory products of the cell
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Lysosome
• Small, saclike structures surrounded by a single membrane
• Involved in the digestion of food within the food vacuoles of the cell
• Found in white blood cells, in multicellular organisms
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MitochondrionThe powerhouse of the cell.
An oval, membrane enclosed organelle, in which most of the reactions of cellular respiration occur.
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Mitochondrion
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MicrofilamentA solid, thread-like organelle that can function as a supporting structure or aid in cell movement.
Act as “cross-bracing” in the cell.
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Microtubules
• A long, cylindrical organelle found in cilia and flagella
• Are also involved in the movement of the chromosomes during cell division
• Composed of a protein called tubulin
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Vacuole• A fluid-filled
organelle enclosed by a membrane.
• Stores waste and food.
• Occupies most of the space in the cytoplasm.
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Specialized vacuoles include…Contractile Vacuole
• Extra water in the cell collects here and is expelled from the vacuole directly into the environment
• Works kind of like a water pump
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Centrioles –found only in animal cells, these organelles aid in cell division.
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In addition to the organelles previously mentioned, plants
also have additional organelles-
Contain a cell wall
Have chloroplasts
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Chloroplasts• A membrane-enclosed
organelle found in the cells of some protists and almost all plants.
• They capture the sun’s energy and convert it into chemical energy during the process of photosynthesis.
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SimilaritiesSimilarities ––
Plant and Animal Cells Both Plant and Animal Cells Both Have:Have:
A proper nucleus Cytoplasm
A cell membrane Chromosomes Mitochondria
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Animals
Do not contain a cell wallDo not contain chloroplastsHave small vacuolesGenerally have spherical shape.Contain centrioles
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