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CATALYST
1.Pick up your quiz #3 from the front of your graded work folder.
2.Update your quiz tracker!3.Catalyst: List some things that you have control over when you conduct an experiment.
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SCIENTIFIC INQUIRYCONTROLS & GATHERING DATA
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CONTROLS & GATHERING DATA 09.08.2008
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TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL CONTROLS (1)
1) Experimental group versus Control groups
Experimental group: treatment Control group: no treatment
Control group is necessary for a comparison
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EXAMPLE OF TYPE 1Study What are the effects of vitamin C supplements
onthe number of colds a person gets per year?
Experimental GroupParticipants are given a vitamin C tablet
Control GroupParticipants in this group are not given anyvitamin tablet
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CONTROLS & GATHERING DATA 09.08.2008
Control Types
1. Experimental Group (treatment) vs. Control Group (no treatment)
Ex. Vitamin C tablet vs. no tablet
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TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL CONTROLS (2)
2) Control over the levels or values of the independent variable
REMEMBER: Independent Variable: the variable you
are able to CHANGE or CONTROL Dependent Variable: that you can
measure which is affected by the independent variable
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EXAMPLE OF TYPE 2Study What are the effects of vitamin C supplements
onthe number of colds a person gets per year?
Independent Variable The variable that we can change is the vitamin
C We can CONTROL or CHANGE the value of
vitamin C Changing the amount in each tablet
250 mg, 500 mg, 1000 mg Giving the same independent
variable to each participant
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CONTROLS & GATHERING DATA 09.08.2008
Control Types
1. Experimental Group (treatment) vs. Control Group (no treatment)
Ex. Vitamin C tablet vs. no tablet
2. Control over levels/values of IV Ex. Amount of Vitamin C
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TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL CONTROLS (3)
3) Control over the experimental
setting
Preventing extraneous variables
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EXAMPLE OF TYPE 3Controlling the noise in an
auditory perception experiment (how well people can hear)
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CONTROLS & GATHERING DATA 09.08.2008
Control Types
1. Experimental Group (treatment) vs. Control Group (no treatment)
Ex. Vitamin C tablet vs. no tablet
2. Control over levels/values of IV Ex. Amount of Vitamin C3. Control over exp. Setting Ex. Noise level in exp.
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TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL CONTROLS (4)
4) Control Variable
A potential independent variable that is held constant across conditions in an experiment.
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EXAMPLE OF TYPE 4
4) Control Variable
Question: Does the mass of a pencil affect the time it takes to fall to the ground?
Control Variable: You would drop the pencil from the same
height for every experiment.
Why?
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CONTROLS & GATHERING DATA 09.08.2008
Control Types
1. Experimental Group (treatment) vs. Control Group (no treatment)
Ex. Vitamin C tablet vs. no tablet
2. Control over levels/values of IV Ex. Amount of Vitamin C3. Control over exp. Setting Ex. Noise level in exp.4. Control Variable – held
constant/same in all trials Ex. Height of pencil in time
vs. mass exp.
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The experimenter has an obligation to report ALL the results of an
experiment, NOT just those that support his/her hypothesis.
GATHERING DATAOBSERVE
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CONTROLS & GATHERING DATA 09.08.2008
Control Types
Gathering Data
3. Control over exp. Setting Ex. Noise level in exp.4. Control Variable – held
constant/same in all trials Ex. Height of pencil in time
vs. mass exp.
- Must report ALL data
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GATHERING DATA ORGANIZE
Prepare a data table in your laboratory notebook
A data table ensures consistencyMakes it easier to analyze your results
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TIPS FOR TABLE MAKING
Put a title at the top of every table Briefly describe what is contained
in the table. Include a table number at the start
of the table (such as Table 1.)
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CONTROLS & GATHERING DATA 09.08.2008
Control Types
Gathering Data
3. Control over exp. Setting Ex. Noise level in exp.4. Control Variable – held
constant/same in all trials Ex. Height of pencil in time
vs. mass exp.
- Must report ALL data- Create tables
- Title @ top
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Use plain numbers. The units should go in the title instead of putting letters next to the numbers.
Don’t skip lines.
Label the columns and rows.
TIPS FOR TABLE MAKING
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CONTROLS & GATHERING DATA 09.08.2008
Control Types
Gathering Data
3. Control over exp. Setting Ex. Noise level in exp.4. Control Variable – held
constant/same in all trials Ex. Height of pencil in time
vs. mass exp.
- Must report ALL data- Create tables
- Title @ top- Label units @ top
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Keep all the units the same Example: instead of 2 min 30 sec,
put 150 seconds
Use decimals, not fractions.
TIPS FOR TABLE MAKING
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CONTROLS & GATHERING DATA 09.08.2008
Control Types
Gathering Data
4. Control Variable – held constant/same in all trials
Ex. Height of pencil in time vs. mass exp.
- Must report ALL data- Create tables
- Title @ top- Label units @ top
- Keep all units same
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Need to have IV on left column & DV on right column!
TIPS FOR TABLE MAKING
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CONTROLS & GATHERING DATA 09.08.2008
Control Types
Gathering Data
4. Control Variable – held constant/same in all trials
Ex. Height of pencil in time vs. mass exp.
- Must report ALL data- Create tables
- Title @ top- Label units @ top
- Keep all units same - IV on left; DV on right
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EXAMPLE 1Hours of a Day Spent on Activities
Activity Hours
Sleep 6
School 6
Job 4
Entertainment
4
Meals 2
Homework 2
IV DV
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EXAMPLE 2IV DV
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EXAMPLE 3IV DV
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CONTROLS & GATHERING DATA 09.08.2008
Control Types
Gathering Data
4. Control Variable – held constant/same in all trials
Ex. Height of pencil in time vs. mass exp.
- Must report ALL data- Create tables
- Title @ top- Label units @ top
- Keep all units same
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PRACTICE (LEFT PAGE)Make a table that measures the number
of people in this classroom that have a birthday in each month.
YOU HAVE FOUR MINUTES TO GATHER THIS DATA.
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PRACTICE (LEFT PAGE)Make a table that measures the number of people
in this classroom that have a birthday in each month.
Birth Month # People in Class
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June.
July
August
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
IV DV
TABLE 1: # People in Class w/ Certain Birth Months.
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SUMMARYTake 3 minutes to write a summary of today’s notes.
When done, work on your homework packet!