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Case Study: I-95 Section GIR -Rain Garden Maintenance
Megan Farnsworth, EIT
October 16, 2019
06/19/2018
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Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
1. I-95 Section GIR Background
2. GR2 Maintenance Inventory
3. Forebay Maintenance
4. Lessons Learned
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1. I-95 Section GIR Background
2. GR2 Maintenance Inventory
3. Forebay Maintenance
4. Lessons Learned
Page 3Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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I-95 Girard Avenue Interchange Reconstruction (GIR)
3 miles of I-95 Highway (Race Street to Allegheney Avenue)
Multi-phase project (2000-present)
70+ SMP devices throughout project at completion
University Monitoring Program for SMPs since 2016• Temple University• Villanova University
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I-95 Section GIR Background
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
Allegheney
Race
Girard
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• Applied lessonslearned from GR2
• Will continuemonitoring
GIR SMP Maintenance
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I-95 Section GIR Background
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
GR2 GR3
GR4
GR5
GR6
GR2&3: Complete GR4: Construction GR5&6: In Design• Temple University
contractedlandscapers
• Monitor manpower• Recommend design
changes
• Applied lessonslearned from GR2&3
• Apply lessons fromGR4 as constructed
• Long-termmaintenance planfor PennDOT
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Active GIR SMPs
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SMP A SMPs C,D,&G SMPs E&F
SMP H SMPs I&J SMP P01
I-95 Section GIR Background
08/07/2019 05/14/2019 05/31/2019
08/07/2019 05/14/2018
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
05/31/2019
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I-95 – Phase GR2 Aerial View
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I-95 Section GIR Background
08/18/2018
08/18/2018
SMPs I&JSMP H SMPs E&F
SMP A
SMPs C,D,&G
SMP P01
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
Delaware Ave
Delaware Ave
Shackamaxon St
Shackamaxon St
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Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
1. I-95 GIR Background
2. GR2 Maintenance Inventory
3. Forebay Maintenance
4. Lessons Learned
Page 8Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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Vegetation - 225 cubic yards• Mow lawns• Remove weeds• Trim overgrown vegetation• SMP A – “Minimal Maintenance
Routine”
Trash - 146 x 42-gallon bags• Collect trash• Needles
Manpower - 1416 man hours• Inspect after storm events• Spring/summerà 2 trips per month• Fall/winter à 1 trip per month
Maintenance Needs (July 2017 – June 2019)
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GR2 Maintenance Inventory
07/25/2017
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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Manpower Observations
Overall Observations• 1-2 days/month• Year 2 – scheduling issues
Low Maintenance Requirements• SMP A – “Minimal Maintenance Routine”• SMP H – less attention on interior• SMP I&J – poor performance
High Maintenance Requirements• SMPs E&F – complaints
• Tedious maintenance• More visits
• SMPs C,D,&G – public presentation• Tours• Publications
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GR2 Maintenance Inventory
Site Total(2yrs)
Avg permonth
A 238 hrs 9.9 hrsCDG 446 hrs 18.6 hrsEF 420 hrs 17.5 hrsH 207 hrs 8.6 hrsIJ 105 hrs 4.4 hrs
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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Manpower per Month
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GR2 Maintenance Inventory
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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Vegetation Debris Observations
Overall Observations• SMPs I&J lowà poor performance• SMPs C,D,&G and SMPs E&F highest in
vegetation and manpower
NB-side vs SB-side of Highway• Year 1 à SB-side higher totals• Sunlight impacts growth• Continue studying
Fenced vs Open to Public• Similar totals• Year 1 – SMPs E&F (fenced)• Year 2 – SMPs C,D,&G (open to public)
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GR2 Maintenance Inventory
Site Total (2yrs)A 48.0 yds
CDG 53.0 ydsEF 58.0 ydsH 46.5 ydsIJ 19.0 yds
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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Vegetation Debris Collected per Month
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AnnualTotal
- 21.5 yds- 30.0 yds- 32.0 yds- 49.5 yds- 16.0 yds
GR2 Maintenance Inventory
AnnualTotal
- 26.5 yds- 23.0 yds- 14.5 yds- 8.5 yds- 3.0 yds
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Trash Collection Observations
Overall Observations• SMPs C,D,&G highest total• SMPs H,I,&J next to construction of
private developments
NB-side vs SB-side of Highway• Study in GR3&4
• SB-sideà Residential• NB-sideà Along Delaware Ave
Fenced vs Open to Public• Fencedà less trash• SMP C,D,&G had additional collection by
neighbors
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GR2 Maintenance Inventory
Site Total (2yrs)A 28.1 bags
CD&G 64.8 bagsE&F 24.6 bags
H 15.1 bagsI&J 13.6 bags
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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Trash Collected per Month
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GR2 Maintenance Inventory
AnnualTotal
- 8.1 bags- 20.8 bags- 5.6 bags- 14.1 bags- 12.6 bags
AnnualTotal
- 20.0 bags- 44.0 bags- 9.5 bags- 10.5 bags- 1.0 bag
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
1. I-95 GIR Background
2. GR2 Maintenance Inventory
3. Forebay Maintenance
4. Lessons Learned
Page 16Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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Forebay Background
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Forebay Maintenance
GR2 – SMPs w/o forebaysDesign à Riprap
• Reduce velocityObservations
• Erosion present• Sediment buildup• Cigarettes
GR3&4 – SMPs w/ forebaysDesign à Paver forebay
• Pre-treatment• Reduce velocity
• Observations• Easier maintenance• Reduce erosion
07/25/2017
06/25/2018
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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SMP P01 (Phase GR3)
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08/13/2018
Forebay Maintenance
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ImproperConstruction• Clogging during
construction• Reduced
infiltration capacity
MulchErosion• Unanticipated
sediment transport• Covers infiltrating
area
InvasiveWeeds• Tedious
maintenance• Could impact
paver placement
Maintenance Notes
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Forebay Maintenance
08/07/201908/07/201908/21/2018
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Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
1. I-95 GIR Background
2. GR2 Maintenance Inventory
3. Forebay Maintenance
4. Lessons Learned
Page 20Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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Public Reaction to SMPs
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CommunityInteraction Wildlife Public Interest
Complaints aboutOvergrowth
Homeless“Camp” Storage Vandalization
Lessons Learned
10/05/2016
07/25/2017 08/07/2019
05/31/2019
10/18/2018
10/19/2017
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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Fenced SMPs
– Reduces trash• Blocks debris blown by wind• No pedestrian traffic
– Reduces vandalization &trespassing• Steep embankment (SMPs
E,F,&H)• Neighboring properties
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Lessons Learned
Positives Negatives– No public access
• More complaints withbordering properties
• Public cannot be involved
– More difficult maintenance• Vegetation growth through
fence• Cannot mow perimeter
03/01/2019 08/05/201908/05/201903/01/2019
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance
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SMPs E&F Vegetation
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Lessons Learned
SMP EReceives Highway Runoff
SMP FTemporary Bypass
08/07/2019 08/07/2019
Comparable vegetation growth
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Summary
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Lessons Learned
• Monthly visits, more frequent in summer• Little variation between functioning SMPs• Can’t avoid trash cleanup
SMPMaintenance
• Reduces erosion• Pre-treatment avoids clogging SMP (cigarettes)• Room for improvement to reduce maintenance
ForebayDesign
• Maintenance trends• Long term performance of forebays• Community outreach
FutureStudies
Case Study: I-95 Section GIR - Rain Garden Maintenance