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CAS 3 November 2008
On behalf of the INFN and the LNF staffI WELCOME you all to FRASCATII WELCOME you all to FRASCATI
1) i k i t d ti1) quick introduction2) lecture ….presenting the LNF….3) conclusions
M.CalvettiINFN-LNF
Università di Firenze
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DAFNE
DAFNE- LIGHTLaboratoryy
Two new soft X-ray lines under constructionunder construction
Syncrotron ligth from DAFNESPARCSPARX
Conventional sources
LNF are part of the European InfrastructureLNF are part of the European Infrastructurefor syncrotron light
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Staff = 350A i t 181Associates = 181Visitors = 463TOTAL 994
I Laboratori Nazionali di
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ATLASHadronDetector
R&D
LNF-INFNILC
ATLASCMS
LHC-bALICECDF
therapyCNAO
S t
R&D
PANDA
DAFNE
BABARDESYJFLAB Linear
AcceleratorsCTF3
SyncrotronlightLdS
DAFNE
HIGHPRECISION
CTF3CLIC
FELSPARC
PHYSICSKLOE-FINUDA-SIDDHARTA
SPARC-X
High
CryogenicAntenna
NAUTILUS
Medical
Highintensity
lasersFLAMEDosimentry
Physics
NAUTILUS
MedicalApplications
PhysicsIn
Space
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COLLIDING BEAMS
FEL
APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
NEW IDEAS …..very important ….
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Rf frequencyCrossing angle
coll b of N f=Total current
Crossing angle
f N N+ −
coll b of f
* *4collf N NLπ σ σ
+= Bunch length
x yπ σ σ
* * * *ξ * * * *x y x x yσ σ ε β β κ=ξx
ξyDamping time
C.Biscari
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Beam – beam effect
Beam – beam force
, , ,x y x y x yQ Q ξ= +
Large emittance( )2 2e ex
x
r rN Nβξπγ πγ εσ σ σ
= ≈+ • Large emittance
• Demand on damping time• Demand on dynamic aperture
( )
( )
2 2
2e
xx x y
y yy x
r N
πγ πγ εσ σ σ
β βξ ξ
πγ κ βσ σ σ
+
= ≈+( )2 xy x yπγ κ βσ σ σ+
C.Biscari
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EXAMPLE OF BEAM DYNAMICS EXPERIMENT at DAFNE
THE DAFNE CRAB-CROSSING - STUDY OF BEAM-BEAM DYNAMICS
β functionX= Sqrt(βε)
ε emittance
x
electrons positrons
Quadrupole Quadrupole
Linear and circular collider
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BEAM PROFILES @IP AND NEW PARAMETERS
DAΦNE (KLOE run)
Beam crossing volume
DAΦNE UpgradeIncrease crossing angle 12mrad 25 mrad
To recover luminosity:Reduce horizontal and vertical sigmas at IPReduce horizontal and vertical sigmas at IP
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No parassitic crossing
IPIP
5 5cm N iti i
• Aluminum
5.5cm No parassitic crossing
Aluminum •Window thickness 0.3 mm
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Large Piwinski angle ΦP=θσz / σx
ll β * (β * /θ)
Geometric luminosity gain
Very low horizontal tune shift
small βy* (βy* ∼σx /θ)
Very low horizontal tune shift
No parasitic collisions
short overlap region
Geometric luminosity gain
low vertical tune shift
Crab waist transformation(realized with two sextupoles@π in x and 1.5π in y from IP)
B = Kx quadrupole
B = Kx2= (Kx)x sextupole
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X-Y Resonance Suppression
Beam-beam simulations
1 1
Much higher luminosity?
0.8 0.8
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.2 0.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
Typical case (KEKB, DAΦNE etc.): Crab Waist On:1. low Piwinski angle Φ < 1 2. βy comparable with σz
1. large Piwinski angle Φ >> 1 2. βy comparable with σx/θ
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L i it li it d b ll ti ff t ?Luminosity limited by collective effetcs?
Positive ion trapping pp gElectron cloudsRing impedence
20μ x 250μ x 3 cm bunch dimensions with 10 10 particles
500 H2 molecules at 10-10 tor in the bunch volume
In DAFNE every 60 μs the bunch crosses an amount of molecules equal to the number of electrons in the bunch
ee+ e+
Electron cloud
Ion Trapping
e-
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Unwanted induced E field in the “cavity”
Ring impedence Z
Unwanted induced E field in the cavity
e- E
Induced beam Instability …. active feedbacksy
Every accelerator ring has a maximum current !
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fDAFNE specific luminosity increase
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It can be used by any storage ring collider, a stronger focusing is usable but
measurements are still going on…….
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The small emittance challenge
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Beta function and emittance
The small beam size challengeADA
DAFNE
Adapded from S. Chattopadhyay, K. Yokoya, Proc. Nanobeam `02
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What about Linear Colliders?
Low emittanceStrong focusing
High currents
……….the same requirements………e sa e equ e e s
every Linear Collider has a dumping ring to have low emmittance……every Linear Collider has a dumping ring….to have low emmittance……but single pass imply very small beam cross section
at the interaction point (30nm)
………it implies to have a strong beam-beam interaction… beamstrahlung…..
…and on time background……
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CLIC RF power sourceCLIC RF power source
CLIC ll l t
Main Beam Generation
CLIC overall layout for ECM = 3 TeV
Complex
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LNF and the Future of Fundamental Research
The CLIC-CTF3 at CERN LNF contribution to CLICLNF contribution to CLIC
Drive BeamInjector
Drive Beam AcceleratorX 2 Delay Loop3.5 A - 1.4 μs
150 MeV16 structures - 3 GHz - 7 MV/m
CTF3 complex
X 5 Combiner
Ring
Two beam /2
D FFD
DF
F
D F D1.85m
D F D
DFDUMP
1
22.4 mTBL
DUMP
DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF
3.0m3.0m6 m
F DF D 22
D FFFDD
DF
FDD
FF
FF
D F DD F D1.85m1.85m
D F DD F D
DF DFDUMP
11
22.4 m22.4 mTBL
DUMP
DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DFDF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF
3.0m3.0m3.0m3.0m6 m6 m
F DF DF DF DTwo-beamTest Area
35 A - 140 ns150 MeV
150 MV/m30 GHz
30 GHz andPhoto injector test area CLEX
8 m
2m
D F DDUMPD F D
F
FD
ITB
CALIFES Probe beam injectorLIL-ACSLIL-ACSLIL-ACSD F D
D F D 0.75
1.4m
DUMP
2.5m
Transport path
DUMP 22 m2.0m
D F DF DF D
16.5 mTBTS16 m
8 m8 m
2m2m
D F DD F DDUMPD F DD F D
F
FD
F
FD
F
FD
ITB
CALIFES Probe beam injectorLIL-ACSLIL-ACSLIL-ACSLIL-ACSLIL-ACSLIL-ACSD F DD F D
D F DD F D 0.75
1.4m1.4m
DUMP
2.5m2.5m
Transport path
DUMPDUMP 22 m22 m
2.0m2.0m
D F DD F DF DF DF DF D
16.5 m16.5 mTBTS16 m16 m TL2
150 MeV
12 A…here!
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Conclusions by J.EllisConclusions by J.Ellis• CLIC will provide unique physics @ energy frontierp q p y @ gy
• Beamstrahlung and backgrounds not insurmountable problemsinsurmountable problems
• Can exploit fully high c.o.m. energy
• Added value for light Higgs, heavy Higgs, supersymmetry extra dimensionssupersymmetry, extra dimensions, …
• Whether light or heavy!
….so, what are we going to do……..
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New CLICmain parameters
Center-of-mass energy 3 TeVPeak Luminosity 7·1034 cm-2 s-1
P k l i it (i 1% f ) 2 1034 2 1 main parametersPeak luminosity (in 1% of energy) 2·1034 cm-2 s-1
Repetition rate 50 HzLoaded accelerating gradient 100 MV/mMain linac RF frequency 12 GHzO ll t li l th 42 kOverall two-linac length 42 kmBunch charge 3.72·109
Bunch separation 0.5 nsBunch separation 0.5 nsBeam pulse duration 156 nsBeam power/beam 14 MWattsHor./vert. normalized emittance 660 / 20 nm radHor./vert. IP beam size bef. pinch 40 / ~1 nm
Total site length 48 kmTotal power consumption 322 MW
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Cross Sections at CLIC
one year at 1035 cm-2 s-1
Very low SM cross sections 1fb-1 one year at 1032 cm-2 s-1Very low SM cross sections……… 1fb one year at 103 cm s
TO BUILD CLIC..…..WE NEED EVIDENCE for NEW PHYSICS !
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LHC: GOOD NEWIn CMSSM
LHC gluinoLHC gluinomass reach
Corresponding sparticle thresholds @ LC
LHC will tell LCwhere to look
1 ‘year’ @ 10341 ‘year’ @ 1033‘month’ @ 1033‘month’ @ 1032
Blaising, JE et al: 2006
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Spectra at Best-Fit PointsSpectra at Best Fit Points
A iblAccessibleTo CLIC
Accessibleto ILC 1000
AccessibleTo ILC 500
A lot for CLIC to study! Energy Scan for CLIC?
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IF NEW PHYSICS IS DISCOVERED at LHC than
A LINEAR COLLIDER WILL BE BUILT
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WE HAVE TO PREPARE THE TECHNOLOGYWE HAVE TO PREPARE THE TECHNOLOGY
TO PROPOSE THE APPROPRIATE ACCELERATOR
AT THE RIGHT TIME
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YOU ARE WELCOME ON BOARD
Try to be a good student, better than the teacher
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For example………
1) D t f t th li ti1) Do not forget the applications
CNAO:Centro Nazionale Adroterapia Oncologica
SPARC : Free Electron Laser
2) Very important: use YOUR fantasy and creativity
Plasma Wave Field AccelerationPlasma Wave Field Acceleration
The “FLAME” project at LNF: 300 TW, 0.8 m, 20 ft laser pulse
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The CNAO High technologyThe CNAO High technologyMEDICAL APPLICATION
GSI LinacLINAC0.4 - 7 MeV/u H3+
0 4 7 M V/ C4+
RFQ0.008 - 0.4 MeV/u H3+
0 008 0 4 MeV/u C4+0.4 - 7 MeV/u C4+ 0.008 - 0.4 MeV/u C4+
Ion Sources0.008 MeV/u H3+
0.008 MeV/u C4+I ~ 0.7 mA H3+
I ~ 0.2 mA C4+
Synchrotron7-250 MeV p7-400 MeV/u C
I ~ 0.1-6 mA (p)I ~ 0.03-1.5 mA (C)
High Energy
Transfer Lines
60-250 MeV p < 1010 p/spill (~2nA)
Treatment Rooms
60 250 MeV p120-400 MeV/u C
< 10 p/spill ( 2nA)< 4 108 C/spill (~0.4nA)
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Synchrotron hall todaySynchrotron hall today
After Emittance Emittance
ECR Ion Sources for CNAOECR Ion Sources for CNAOThe INFN-LNF in Pavia
IonsCurrent
(requested)[µA]
Current (available
) [µA]
After improvements by
INFN-LNS[µA]
Emittance (requested)
π mm.mrad
Emittance (new
extractor) π mm.mrad
Stability [99,8%]
C4+ 200 200 250 0.75 0.56 36 h
H + 1000 1000 0 75 0 42 2 h
Cancer therapy
H2+ 1000 1000 0.75 0.42 2 h
H3+ 700 600 1000 0.75 0.67 8 h
He+ 500 500 0.75 0.60 2 h
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NEW INSTRUMENTS
GUN PARAMETERS LINAC PARAMETERS FEL PARAMETERS
Frequency: 2856 MHz Frequency: 2856 MHz Wavelength: 530 nmFrequency: 2856 MHz Frequency: 2856 MHz Wavelength: 530 nm
Peak Field: 120 MV/m Accelerating Field: 25 MV/m Undulator period 2.8 cm
Beam Energy: 5.6 MeV Beam Energy: 155 MeV
Charge: 1 nC Energy Spread 10-3
Emittance < 2 mm-mrad Peak Current 100 A
Laser: 10 ps (Flat Top with <2 ps rise time)
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Emittance for flat top and gaussian pulse Emittance for flat top and gaussian pulse shapeshape
charge 0.74 nC
pulse length (FWHM) 8.7 ps
rise time 2.6 ps
t i 0 31rms spot size 0.31 mm
RF phase (ϕ-ϕmax) -8°
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The LNF beam EMITTANZOMETER
• BNL-SLAC-UCLA design 1.6 cells S-band rf-gun
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Electron gun S-Band LINAC
150 MeV
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Velocity bunching schemeVelocity bunching schemeVelocity bunching schemeVelocity bunching scheme
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Preliminary results in “velocity bunching” regimePreliminary results in “velocity bunching” regimey y g gy y g g
3
2 42.62.8
ctor
measurementsPARMELA
ase
22.22.4
ssio
n fa
c
2.5 ps90 MeV
pha
Energy
1.41.61.8
Com
pres
5 ps
90 MeVEnergy
11.21.4
150 125 100 75 50 25 0
Q=250 pC5 ps132 MeV
phas
e
-150 -125 -100 -75 -50 -25 0TW1 Section RF phase (deg)Energy
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A new Project : X-FEL SPARX
Very intense X-ray bursts for medical science, material science, biology …ecc ..it is like having a better microscope in space and time….
2008-2013
but also accelerator R&D
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X rays Free Electron Laser
A new project for the LNF:
A X-FEL in the Tor Vergata Campus
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Again……..:
The future will profit from your fantasyand creativityand creativity
F l Pl W k Fi ld A l tiFor example: Plasma Wake Field Acceleration
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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + _
Driving beam : laser or beamAccelerated electrons
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How does it work ?
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1979 Tajima & Dawson Paper
Plasma Weak-Filed Acceleration
Time evolution of electron energy gain
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FIRST EXPERIMENTS @ CNR-INFN PISA
THE “FLAME” LAB at LNF
The acceleration lengthThe acceleration lengthThe acceleration length
10°10°LASERLASERLASER
Acceleration gradient:Acceleration gradient:Acceleration gradient:≈200 GeV/m ≈200 GeV/m ≈200 GeV/m
La diffusione Thomson della radiazione laser mostra il canale di b d i à i i li l i l i S ll hbassa densità in cui gli elettroni sono accelerati . Sullo schermo LANEX è visulalizzato lo spot degli elettroni accelerati.
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PLASMONX: first electron spectraPLASMONX: first electron spectra
Electron spectrum from magnetic spectrometerElectron spectrum from magnetic spectrometer
EnergyEnergy
Electrons bunch up to about 15 MeV.
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At SLAC:
• ~50GeV/m acceleration in one meter of plasma at SLAC , with electrons as the driving beam
* High efficiency of energy transfer (1/3)
• Is a linear collider possible?
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• 970 Km/Hr
1111C •• 11 11 GJGJ
LHC is a formidable machineStored energy in the beam: gy300 MJ ( Tevatron is 1 MJ )
Stored energy in the•84,000 Tons
•60 Km/Hr
Stored energy in the guide field:10.6 GJ ( Tevatron is 0.3 MJ ) 60 Km/Hr
••11 GJ11 GJSo why not to try?So….why not to try?
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Plasma WF LC, Luminosity & Efficiencyas a C, u os ty & c e cy
• TeV collider call for Pbeam ~10 MW of continuous power, small i d b IPemittances and nanometer beams at IP
Mechanism to plasma to beamMechanism to transfer energy to waves in plasma
plasma to beam
plasma wave
Wall-plugplasma wave
• An efficient approach to transfer several tens of MW of continuous power to plasma is to use drive beam
beam power ~ 20MW
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A concept for Plasma Wake Field Acceleration 1TeV CM Linear Collider
10 M
Drive beam accelerator RF gun
RF separator bunch compressor
Beam Delivery and IR
bunch compressor Drive beam distribution
y
PWFA cells PWFA cells
FACET address key issues of single stage
DR e- DR e+ main beam e-injector
main beam e+ injector
Much less storage energy in the B field
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conferenze, workshop, corsi 51studenti ai LNF 2844
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2007- Conferenza annuale degli insegnanti
525 insegnanti ai LNF NEL 2007
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visite vasto pubblico 929
VISITE AI LNF giornata europea della ricerca scientifica 4000 persone nei LNF
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LNF WORK IN PROGRESS:
1) TEST OF THE CRAB-WAIST METHOD1) TEST OF THE CRAB WAIST METHOD2) INCREASE OF THE DAFNE LUMINOSITY3) RUN OF THE SIDDHARTA EXPERIMENT 4) RUNNING-IN OF KLOE, FALL 2009
5) SPARC LASERING6) FLAME LASER COMMISSIONING7) BEGINNING OF EXPERIMENTS WITH HIGH INTENSITY LASERS)8) COMMISSIONING OF CLIC-CTF3 AT CERN9) COMMISSIONING OF THE CNAO SYNCROTRON10) RUN OF OUR PART OF THE LHC EXPERIMENTS
I WISH YOU A PROFITABLE AND NICE WEEK HERE IN FRASCATII WISH YOU A PROFITABLE AND NICE WEEK HERE IN FRASCATI
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Spring time at LNF