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Cargo Compartment Fire Test Results
Impact of on-board fire protection capabilities
Sabatair Closing Event – 14 Nov 2019
Dr. André Freiling – Airbus Operations GmbH
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Motivation
The goal of the full-scale fire tests is to
evaluate the effects that the implementation
of certain mitigating measures (FCCs, thermal
insulation) may have on the involvement of
cells/batteries in an external fire event
(i.e. starting from cargo items other than
cells/batteries)
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Test Sequence
Cold Test:
Proof that the Halon
concentration is 3% at
the location of the
battery box
Commissioning Test:
Place half amount of
cells (400) next to the
ignition box – do not use
the Fire Suppression
System
No Fire Suppression test
800 cells
Halon
Fire Suppression test
800 cells
FCC + Halon
Fire Suppression test
800 cells
Full scale tests
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Test Infrastructure
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FAA MPS Test configuration
Pushed air inside the cargo compartment through
the Halon Nozzles by massflow controller 20l/s
FAA: Federal Aviation Administration (American Regulatority Authority)
MPS: Minimum Performance Standard for Aircraft Cargo Compartment Halon Replacement
Fire Suppression Systems (2012 Update), U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, DOT/FAA/TC-
TN12/11, May 2012
Cardboard burn box
filled with shredded paper
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Test System Architecture
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Fire Containment Cover
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Test Batteries – Supplier 118650
Carboard paper dividers
between every cell
2 sub boxes stacked on top
of each other in one outer
cardboard box
96 Batteries in one sub-box
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Test Batteries – Supplier 2
100 Batteries in one sub-box Corrugated Carboard dividers
between every second cell
2 sub boxes stacked side
by side in one outer
cardboard box
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Full scale fire test setup
Legend
MPS requirements
followed as close as
possible for cardboard box
arrangement
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100 cells @
100%SOC
100 cells @
50%SOC
100 cells @
100%SOC
100 cells @
50%SOC
Box 1
Box 2
These boxes are placed directly on the pallet
TC09
TC010
On the side of the boxe
Front facing the flames
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100 cells @
50%SOC
50 cells @ 50%SOC
&
50 cells @100%SOC
50 cells @ 100%SOC
&
50 cells @50%SOC
100 cells @
50%SOC
TC
05
TC
08
TC
07
TC
06
Box 3
Box 4
TC011 on the
side of box 4
TC012 on the
side of box 3
The 50 cells @100%SOC are placed as shown in the picture.
Front facing the flames
These boxes are on the metallic support
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Full scale fire test without Fire SuppressionT
[°C
]
t [hh:mm:sec]
Temperature inside the Battery Boxes
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Full scale fire test without Fire Suppression
Ceiling Temperature at different sample points Oxygen concentration at different sampling points
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Full scale fire test without Fire Suppression
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Full scale fire test with Fire Suppression
Ceiling Temperatures93.3°C@ceiling
MPS Halon
Discharge
criterion
Actual Halon
Discharge
(145°C@Battery)
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Full scale fire test with Fire Suppression
T [
°C]
t [hh:mm:sec]
Temperature inside the Battery Boxes
T [
°C]
t [hh:mm:sec]
93.3°C@ceiling
MPS Halon
Discharge
criterion
Actual Halon
Discharge
(145@battery)
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Full scale fire test with Fire Suppression
93.3°C@ceiling MPS Halon Discharge
criterion
Actual Halon
Discharge
REMARK!!!!
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Full scale fire test with Fire Suppression
Many batteries were involved
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Full scale fire test with FCC and Fire Suppression
Test setupCardboard boxes coverd by FCC
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Full scale fire test with FCC and Fire Suppression
Ceiling Temperatures
93.3°C@ceilingActual Halon
Discharge
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93.3°C@ceilingActual Halon
Discharge
Full scale fire test with FCC and Fire Suppression
Temperature inside
the Battery Boxes
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Full scale fire test with FCC and Fire Suppression
Boxes inside the FCC were impactedThe cover was impacted but not burnt through
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Full scale fire test with FCC and Fire Suppression
Impact to the batteries was minimal
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Conclusions
The Aircraft built-in fire
suppression system inhibits
further propagation of thermal
runaways for the tested batteries
under specific SoC.
For the tested scenario, a Fire
Containment Cover provides
significant protection against the
threats of an external fire event.
No Suppression Halon Fire Suppression Halon Fire Suppression + FCC
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Thank you
o Questions / comments?
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Brand LGChem MJ1 Samsung 35E
Nominal Capacity (based on manufacturer
Datasheet 3500mAh 3500mAh
Chemistry LiNiCoAlO2 LiNiCoMnO2
Dimensions 18650 18650
SOC 50% 50%
Backup