Download - Cannibalism, High mortality and Drop in Egg Production Associated with Low Sodium in the Feed
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Cannibalism, High mortality and Drop in Egg Production Associated with Low Sodium in the Feed
Canadian Poultry Consultants Abbotsford
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Flock Information• Type of Birds: Commercial Layer Chickens
• Age:23 weeks old• Flock Size: 6096
Barns are divided by Wall
• Second Flock Age: 44 weeks• Flock Size: 6030
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Housing System
• Barn Dimensions: 30 X 190 Feet• Farmers Automatic• 2 Rows• Multi-deck i.e., 3 Tier
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Bird Density
• Capacity: 8 birds per cage• Actual: 6-7 birds per cage
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Ventilation System
• Pad Cooling System• Ceiling Ventilation• Two 52 Inch Fans• One 40 Inch Fan
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Manure Removal System
• Automatic Manure Removal Belt• Once a week
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Feeding System
• Chain Feeding System• Type of Feed: Mash• Frequency of Feeding: 7 times/day• Separate Silos for each barn• Chore Time Feeding System
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Lighting
• Fluorescent 15 watts Light Bulbs at 60%• 3 Rows• Spaced at 8 feet• 20-25 Lux at top tier• 16 hours a day• 8 hours of darkness
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Water
• Well water• Thorough Cleaning and Disinfection during
Downtime• No continuous water treatment• Two nipple drinkers with a splash cup for each
cage
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Vaccination Status
• Marek’s and ILT at the Hatchery• Live Bursal • Live AE • Live ILT (TCO)• Live and Killed ND and IB Coverage
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History• Two Commercial Layer Flocks at one Location• Major Complaint: Cannibalism , High Mortality
and Drop in Egg Production• Field Call was requested
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Differential Diagnosis
• Management: out of feed , out of water , lighting (too dark or too bright) , temperature extremes
• Improper Nutrition• Mycotoxins• Infectious causes: • Fowl Pox• Coccidiosis
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Differential Diagnosis
• Infectious Bronchitis• Newcastle Disease• Avian Influenza• Avian encephalomyelitis• Fowl Cholera• Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection• Infectious Coryza
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Field Call
• Analysed the production data• Walked through the barn• Measured light intensity• Collected Feed Sample• Blood Sampling was done on that Day• Brought fresh dead birds back to CPC for PM
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Post-Mortem Findings
• Necropsy revealed the following•Weight Ranged from 1.14 kg to 1.44 kg in
barn # 5•Weight ranged from 1.11 kg to 1.37 kg in
barn # 6• Pecking wound around vent areas in 6
birds• Egg in oviduct in 3 birds
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Post-Mortem Findings
• Toneless ovarian follicles in barn # 6 birds• Thin Keel bone in 4 birds•Moist feed in the crop
• Empirical Diagnosis: Cannibalism
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Serology Results• Satisfactory titers for following• AE• IBV• NDV
Negative for following in barn # 5:• MG• MS
• MS positive flock in barn # 6 confirmed by HI
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Daily Mortality in Barn 5 & 6
Barn # 5: 2.1% in two weeks• 10• 6• 8• 8• 15• 11Barn # 6: 5.2% in two weeks• 13• 20• 26• 20• 20• 35• 22
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Drop in Egg Production in Barn # 5
• Barn # 5:• 94.64%• 86.34%• 96.34%• 93%• 94.30%• 90.99%• 92.61%• Egg production before the start of the problem: 94.45%• Minimum egg production:91.14%• 2-3% loss in egg production
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Drop in Egg Production in Barn # 6
• Barn # 6:• 97.37%• 89.13%• 88.01%• 82.21%• 74.35%• 74.28%• 64.27%• Egg production before the start of problem: 97.37%• Minimum egg production: 53.17%• 44.19% drop in egg production within 13 days period
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Feed Sample Results
Ingredient Barn # 5 Barn # 6• Protein 21.4% 20.3%• Sodium 0.10% < 0.10%
• Standard Na Levels: 0.14% to 0.17% based on daily ration allowance
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Precedents
• Low sodium for 28 days- 64% drop in egg production ( Dilworth and Day, 1976)• 0.017% Na in feed-complete cessation of
egg production in 21 days (Nesbeth et al 1976) • 0.13% Na in feed- drop in egg production
from 60 to 15%
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Food For Thought
•What changes are triggered in the bird with low sodium diets?•What happens to different hormones i.e.,
Prolactin , Corticosterone , Ovarian Steroids ( Estradiol , Progesterone) , Thyroid Hormones , Adrenal Gland Hormones, Pituitary Gland Hormones?
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Hyponatremia in Humans
• Effects on Nervous System • Sodium imbalance results in water retention and
cerebral edema • Headache• Confusion• Irritability• Seizure• Decreased consciousness• Coma
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Thank You
www.canadianpoultry.ca