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C A N A D I A N G OV E R N M G OV E R E N TC H A P T E R G 3
CANADIAN LAW 2104GOVERNMENT AND LAW MAKING
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GOVERNMENT IN CANADA
• Canada is a federal state (system) a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy
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CANADA’S FEDERAL SYSTEM
• Confederation• Canada became a country on July 1, 1867• 4 colonies of British North America (NS, NB, Canada East
(Quebec) and Canada West (Ontario) joined or confederated to form Dominion of Canada
• Over time other provinces and territories joined
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CANADA’S FEDERAL SYSTEM
• Becoming a nation was difficult• Provinces were very different from each• To bring them together into one nation it was
decided to create a federal state or system.
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LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT• Canada’s government is divided into three levels:federal government (national level – the whole
country)provincial government (provincial/territorial level)municipal government (community/town/city
level)• Each level of government is responsible for
different tasks.
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THREE DISTINCT BRANCHES
• Federal and Provincial governments comprised of three distinct branches• Executive• Legislative• Judiciary
• Each branch plays a role in making, interpreting, and enforcing laws in Canada
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EXECUTIVE BRANCH
•This branch of government is responsible for ‘running the country’ – it implements and enforces the laws created by the legislative branch•Comprised of • Prime Minister, • Cabinet (elected MP’s, MHA’s, appointed by PM. Eg
Minister of Justice),• Public or Civil service
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EXECUTIVE BRANCH
• Sets Policies• Proposes and Administers Laws• Controls government spending
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EXECUTIVE BRANCH
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LEGISLATIVE BRANCH(PARLIAMENT)
•This branch of government is responsible for initiating, approving or rejecting laws in Canada•Consists of:• House of Commons (lower house)• Senate (upper house)
•At provincial level it is same, but parliament is usually called the Legislature, or Legislative Assembly, with no Senate
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LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
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THE JUDICIARY
• Part of government but independent of other two branches• Made up of justices or judges who adjudicate
disputes, interpret the law, and decide on punishments in the court system• Justices are apolitical and independent• Higher court justices (Supreme Court of Canada)
are appointed by federal government• Trial court justices at the lower level are
appointed by provincial governments
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THE JUDICIARY