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Canada Enters WWIIIsolationismSS ST. Louis and Jewish RefugeesParliament Votes for WarMobilizing for WarBritish Commonwealth Air Training Program
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Canada’s 1930s Policy on Isolationism
• The policy of keeping out of foreign affairs
• King did not want to get involved in another world conflict
- Hoped that Britain's appeasement policy would work
- Knew conscription would divide the nation again
- Economy too fragile
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Anti-Semitism in Canada• Anti-Semitism was
mainstream in Canada- Popular theme in
newspapers and public attitudes
• Jewish refugees seen as a burden on the state
- Limited the intake of immigrants from countries other than the US or Britain
- Had to prove finically stable
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The SS St. Louis 1939
•German vessel carrying 907 Jewish passengers trying to escape Nazi Germany
•Denied entry in Cuba, US, South America
- Sold fake landing passes to enter Cuba in Germany
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“None is too Many”
•Canada was the last hope but still denied entry as passengers did not qualify for entry as immigrants
- F. C. Blair the minister of immigration
- Ship forced to return to Europe
- Many passengers died in Nazi concentration and extermination camps
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Canada Declares War
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Canada Votes for War
•Germany invaded Poland on Sept 1st 1939•Britain and France Sept 3rd 1939•Canada declared war against Germany on
Sept 10th
•Canada declared war after a vote in Parliament
- Different from WWII when we automatically went to war because we were part of the British Empire
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King Appeases Quebec Liberals• King knew that
conscription divided the country in WWI
• Promised Parliament and Quebec
“So long as this government may be in power, no such measure (conscription) shall be enacted”
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Mobilizing for War
•The Canadian Army was not prepared for war
- Forces were small in number and unfit for combat
- Only 4300 troops, few tanks, no modern artillery
- Air force and navy had outdated equipment
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Volunteers for War• Everyone knew this
war would be long and horrific, yet men still volunteered
• September 1939 more than 58000 volunteered
• Why Volunteer?- Strong ties to Britain- Sense of national pride- Need for steady income
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Minority Volunteers• African Canadian
originally rejected due to racial prejudice
- Later this policy did a 180 as African Canadians were encouraged to join the armed forces
• Just like in WWI, Aboriginals had high levels of enlistment
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WindTalkers
Navajo Marines who use their native language as an unbreakable radio code.
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British Commonwealth Air Training Program 1939 Canada
•Pilots and other flight personal came from all over the Commonwealth to Canada to train with British instructors
- Airfields built on the prairies
- Over 130 000 pilots, navigators, engineers ect
- Total cost 2.2 Billion and Canada paid 70%