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Campaigning for Species:Campaigning for Species:The GreyThe Grey ParrotParrot Trade inTrade in
GhanaGhana
ByBy Gerard H.O. BoakyeGerard H.O. Boakye
Fundraising, Marketing & Corporate AffairsFundraising, Marketing & Corporate Affairs Ghana Wildlife Society Ghana Wildlife Society
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Effects of the Grey Parrot Trade in Ghana
• Introduction-The Species and where it occurs
• The trade in West Africa
• Impacts of the Trade
• Strategies
• Past Efforts / Campaigns
- Recent Developments / Conclusion
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Introduction-The Species & where it Introduction-The Species & where it is is
•Redtail subspecies (Psittacus erithacus erithacus)- To the East of Cote d’Ivoire across to Zaire
•Timneh/maroon tail (Psittacus erithacus timneh) - West of Cote d’Ivoire, to as far as Guinea: less intelligent, less colorful much lower price on the Int. mkt.
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The Species and where it occurs:
Species for Trade: Red-tail is further divided into two races • “The West African”,
“Ghanaian" or “Ordinary” red-tails or grey. – smaller, more intelligent, more preferable
“Central African” or “Congo” greys.-much larger & healthier, higher price premium over the red-tails
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TODAY, Only
•GHANA & NIGERIA
- Have significant populations
•Ghana & Nigeria
- Also have total bans on commercial exports for the international pet trade
-
However, it is their parrots that flood the international market
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The trade in West Africa cont.• Between 1983 & 1989
- 346,782 grey parrots exported from 20 African countries
• Including SENEGAL & TOGO non-parrot range countries
• During the same period 10,405 were exported from other parts of the world
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The trade in West Africa cont.
• 61 countries in all between that period were recorded to have exported African Grey
• Parrots are endemic to only 23
• In the past the specie has been traded in both LEGALLY and ILLEGALLY from several countries even those with no populations
• However in all Ghana & Mali have shown decline in trade
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The trade in West Africa cont.
• This international trade, is characterised by FRAUD
• Export from non-parrot endemic countries
• Dealers manipulating CITES permitting systems & under declaring export numbers
• Trading countries incapable of proper monitoring and control of exports
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The trade in West Africa cont.• The scientific monitoring and legalistic
requirement of IUCN Article IV have not been met by many countries
• Although EU countries have banned imports the US & South Africa market continues to be open
• Birds being smuggled from home range, through distant non-trading countries with no embargo, then to major markets
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Impacts of the trade in Ghana • There is no legal parrot trade in
Ghana so
• Movement of birds are illegal
• Hence mortality is high, from
- inhumane manner of concealing parrots
- night operations to capture & process
- secret holding facilities,
- birds used in smuggling diamonds
- Stress & death from long distance travelling by road
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Other issues/threats to the species • Habitat loss from other resource exploitation
• Inadequate scientific surveys for baseline data on population
• Lack accurate assessment of effects of exploitation
• Poor enforcement of wildlife laws by national border authorities at exit ports
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Campaigning for the Species Past Efforts / Campaigns
• The Wildlife Clubs adopted the head of the parrot as a logo to urge Ghanaian children to speak out against the inhumane trade in parrots
• GWS led wildlife club members to appeal to judges in the US to give max sentence to an illegal exporter
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• WCG members wrote to the President of Ghana to influence the release of several parrots intended for export and the prosecution of the exporter.
• Finally WCG endorsed the total ban of
parrot exportation; with a big match to express appreciation and educate the public.
Campaigning for the Species Past Efforts / Campaigns
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Campaigning for the Species Strategies:
Advocacy & Lobbying • Need to step-up lobbying & advocacy to
maintain the ban on trade in Ghana
• Need to support the transfer of the species from Cites Appendix II to I
• Enhancing the status &capacity of the Ghana Wildlife Division for better enforcement of the ban
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• Improve, equip and provide subvention for Scientific Authority in Ghana & other countries to be efficient
• Public awareness
• Introduce a diplomatic dimension to address the big economies & players in the market
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• Address & lobby the role of Airlines
• Promote cross border collaboration approach of natural resource management
• Investigate the captive breeding options very well before recommendation
•Ban the big parrot markets; the US Market
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Challenges
• Funding:
• Policy makers
• Law enforcement agencies
• External partners
• Market countries
• Neighbouring countries
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Conclusion Recent Developments
• COP13 to CITES meeting, Bangkok Thailand October 2004
The United States Department of the
Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service on Dec 5th 2003 requested for Ghana’s support on a proposed move of the parrot from
Appendix II to Appendix I
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ConclusionThe art is long and
life is short, we need to move on
You guys better
move quick
Once again we rely on the reputable strength of the BLI partnership
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MEDASI !THANK YOU !