Download - Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda
![Page 1: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Çadır Höyük
The Alisar Regional ProjectExcavations at Cadir Hoyuk
The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
Ancient Zippalanda
![Page 2: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Dr. Ronald L Gorny, DirectorDr. Gregory McMahon, Associate Director
Dr. Sharon Steadman, Field DirectorDr. Samuel Paley, Assistant Director
Dr. Jenni Ross, Asstant DirectorDr. Marica Cassis, Byzantine Project
DirectorDr. Bruce Verhaaren, Survey Director
Carol Schneider, Project Manager
Çadır Höyük: The SeniorStaff
![Page 3: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Çadır Höyük: The Specialists
Ben Arbuckle: Faunal Remains
Alexia Smith: Paleobotanical Remains
Carola Manzano: Conservation
Terence Ahern: Computerization
Claudia Glatz: Second Millennium
Marica Cassis: Byzantine Era
![Page 4: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
Dündartepe
Ikiztepe
Pendik
Beycesultan
KuruçayHacilar
Höyücek
Erbaba
Suberde
Çatal Höyük
CanhasanBademagacı
Gelveri-GüzelyurtKosk Höyük
Asikli Höyük
Ilıpınar
Yarımburgaz
Tilkiburnu
TarsusMersin
Alaca Höyük Yarıkkaya
Alisar Höyük
Çadır Höyük
Büyük Güllücek
100 200 km 0
Orta Höyük
Demirci Höyük
,,
ˇ
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
Ikiztepe
Acemhöyük
Tarsus
Mersin
Alaca Höyük Bogazkoy
Alisar Höyük
100 200 km 0
,
ˇ
Kultepe
Salur Höyük
Troy
Alalakh
Hittite Anatolia
2000-1200 BC
Cadir Hoyuk
CarchemishMiletu
s
Malatya
Ugarit
Izmir
![Page 5: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Geographic Setting for the Alisar Regional Project:The Cadir Hoyuk Excavations
![Page 6: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Salur Höyük
• (Katapa?)
(Ankuwa?)
(Zippalanda?)
(Mt. Daha?)•
(Hurranaššu ?)
and Boğazköy(Hattuša)
(Kültepe/Kaneš)
Research Area
TheKanak Su
Basin,CentralTurkey
![Page 7: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
After the long trip from Chicago,
we arrive home…
Life in the Village of Peyniryemez
![Page 8: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Excavation Compound in Peyniryemez with Kerkenes Dag (Mt. Pushkurunwa?)
in the background
![Page 9: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Excavation
House
Peyniryemez
![Page 10: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Excavation House:at home in Peyniryemez
![Page 11: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Men’s Tents
Ron’s Room
Excavation House Scenes
Excavation House Scenes
Huseyin’s Garden
![Page 12: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Terrace ‘Lokanta’
![Page 13: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hanging out after a long day
![Page 14: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Saving Cadir Hoyuk 1994
![Page 15: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Çadır Höyük/Zippalanda from Çaltepe/Daha
![Page 16: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Çadır Höyük and Gelingüllü Lake As seen from the Excavation House
![Page 17: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
North Slope
South Slope
Citadel Summit
NorthernTerrace
N
East SlopeStep Trench
Aerial View of Cadir Hoyuk in 1994
![Page 18: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Excavation AreasArea 1 East TrenchArea 2 TerraceArea 3 The S. TrenchArea 4 CitadelArea 5 Lower
S.SlopeArea 6 North TrenchArea 7 Çaltepe
Area 2
Area 6
Area 4 Area 1
Area 5Area 3
Area 7
![Page 19: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
East Trench
Views
![Page 20: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Aerial View of Step Trench
1994
![Page 21: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
East Trench 1994: Walls 7 and 6
![Page 22: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
East Trench 2003
Square 800.940
Walls 7 & 6
Width of Case
mate Wall
6 m
mudbrick
Wall 7
Wall 6
![Page 23: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
East Trench: Wall F 20
Trench 800.930
![Page 24: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
F 20
F 6 (exterior of casemate wall)
F 7
Early Old Hitt building and pots
East Trench 2001
Mudbricks
Thickness of wall F 6 = 6 m
Burned debris from wall F 20 destruction
1994
Superstructure F 20
![Page 25: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The makeup of Wall F
20
F 20
F 6
Burned debris F 20
superstructure
![Page 26: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
F 20 (OH-MB Trans)
F 67/71 (Hittite Emp.)
Double Rooms (OH)
Iron Age
F 1 (MH)
Byzantine
East Trench Settlement Sequence
![Page 27: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
East Trench 2005:Trench 800.920
Early Old Hittite Rooms and Pit 41
![Page 28: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Knobbed-Pot from Pit F 41
![Page 29: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Early Old Hittite Pottery
East Trench: 800.920
![Page 30: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Early Old Hittite
Pottery
Goldglimmerware
Karum Period
Animal foot
![Page 31: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Early Old Hittite Period
Small Findsfrom
800.920
![Page 32: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Miniature Figurine… …The Stormgod?
Cylinder Seal ca. 1400 BC
Small Finds
![Page 33: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
F 20 (OH-MB Trans)
F 67/71 (Hittite Emp.)
Double Rooms (OH)
Iron Age
F 1 (MH)
Byzantine
East Trench Settlement Sequence
F 20 superstructure
![Page 34: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
F 1 MH Wall
Later Pit
Pottery “bench”
Two rooms (Old Hittite)
Remains of F 20 superstructure
Hittite Empire
![Page 35: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The superstructure above F 20
Tumble
Door?
Pit?
Follow this “wall”
Mud/mudbrick of wall F 20 (OH) superstructure -
looking south
2 Meters + ??
mb wall?
??
![Page 36: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
East Trench : The Empire Period Wall
6 m
F 67
F 67
F ??
Middle Hittite Fill
F 1 MH Wall
Middle Hittite Fill
F
71
F 68
F 68
F 69 F 72
F 69
F 72
![Page 37: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
East Trench Detail
F67 and F 71
Hittite Empire Wall ?
Middle Hittite Period Fill
Ca. 1550-1450 BC
F 71
F 67
MH Fill
![Page 38: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
East Trench
800.910
Wall F 68
Old Hittite
15th Century?
Early
Old Hittite
![Page 39: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Hittite Empire Period
Upper East Trench
![Page 40: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Lower East
Trench
![Page 41: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Lower East Trench
![Page 42: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The Second Millenium SequenceSeen from the Northeast Terrace
Wall F 20 (Early Old Hittite)
Wall F 1 (Middle Hittite/15th-14th C.)
Walls F 6 and 7 (OACP Karum II and Ib)
North Gate (Hitt. Empire)
Old Hittite Rooms and Pots
OACP and Old Hitt on the Terrace
Wall F 71& 67 (Hittite Empire/13th C.)
Walls F 34 and 35 (OACP)
Lower East Trench (OACP & OH)
![Page 43: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
East Trench Finds in Context
![Page 44: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Cadir Hoyuk
South Slope Excavations
2006
![Page 45: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
The South Trench2000
![Page 46: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Southern Slope in 2001
Hittite
EB II
Chalcolithic
Iron Age
Byzantine
Hellenistic
Late Classical wash and fill
Iron AgeHittite
![Page 47: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
X
A Hittite Cultic Alter and other items from the Stormgod’s Temple at Zippalanda?
![Page 48: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Middle (and Late) Iron Age Gate Upper South Slope
Late Iron Addition
Middle Iron Gate(?)
Early Iron Installation
![Page 49: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The North Slope and Gate
![Page 50: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Late Iron Age blockage of Hittite gate
![Page 51: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
• North Slope:
• Three phases of North Gate
• 2nd millennium
• Early Iron Age• Late Iron Age
2006
2004
![Page 52: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
An Approach to the Citadel?
Ramp or Stairway a la Bogazkoy
North Gate
![Page 53: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Base of the Mound Magnetometry
![Page 54: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
OA/OH
Sounding
halentuwa/palace
Lower GateFrom Bogazkoy
To Caltepe
To Citadel Monumental Gate
ramp or steps?
The Lower Cityfrom the Citadel Mound
![Page 55: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The Terrace Sounding
![Page 56: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The Terrace Sounding
![Page 57: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The Terrace Sounding
![Page 58: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The Terrace Sounding
![Page 59: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Hittite Processional Way?
Terrace Sounding
![Page 60: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Cadir 2nd Millennium Objects
![Page 61: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Weaponry from Cadir Hoyuk
![Page 62: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Miniature Libation Bowls
![Page 63: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
“Lion” Representations
![Page 64: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Second Millennium Ceramics
![Page 65: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Cadir – Caltepe: Zippalanda - Daha
Stormgod of Zippalanda’sTemple
Complex
Hilammar
![Page 66: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Mt. Daha overlooking Zippalanda
Temple Complex
hilammar Cult
Niche
![Page 67: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
The Royal Route to Daha
Temple
Mound
Storerooms?
Egri Su (river)
Caltepe/Mt. Daha
Alisar (Ankuwa)
Kirklartepe
Salir (Katapa)
![Page 68: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Mt. Daha overlooking Zippalanda
Temple Complex
hilammar Cult
Niche
![Page 69: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
A Cult Niche?
![Page 70: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
A Stone Installation Summit of Caltepe - Daha
![Page 71: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
“Awaken from your sweet sleep O Stormgod of Zippalanda. Look! We have brought to you on your beloved mountain,
our Lord, the king, the priest of your mother the Sungoddess of
Arinna!”
- Prayer from Zippalanda Text
Hittite king’s view of Zippalanda (center) from
the Gate to the “Temple Area” on Mt Daha.
![Page 72: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Temple of the Stormgod overlooking Zippalanda
GateCadir Hoyuk
40 m80 m
![Page 73: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Courtyard
Storeroom
The Stormgod of Zippalanda’s Temple on Mt.
Daha
Storeroom
Storeroom
![Page 74: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Gate to the Hittite hilammar on Çaltepe - Mt. Daha
![Page 75: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
The King’s Road from Daha (Çaltepe) To Katapa (Salur) and Ankuwa
(Alişar)Salur Hoyuk/Katapa?
Alişar /Ankuwa?
![Page 76: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Salur Höyük
• (Katapa?)
(Ankuwa?)
(Zippalanda?)
(Mt. Daha?)•
(Hurranaššu ?)
and Boğazköy(Hattuša)
(Kültepe/Kaneš)
Çaltepe
ProposedIndentificati
onsin theKanak
SuBasin
(Mt. Puskurunwa?)
Hatti
![Page 77: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Early Iron Age / “Dark Age” Cadir
Caltepe - M
t.
Daha
![Page 78: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Early Iron Age / “Dark Age” Çadır
Plaster Surfaces and Spindle Whorls
![Page 79: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
2nd Millennium - Iron Age Transition
Iron Age Building and Underlying Hittite Pits
![Page 80: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Dark Age Building and Fallen Mudbrick
Upper South Trench
![Page 81: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Late Hittite Ritual Pits?
![Page 82: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
X
Late Hittite
Ritual Pits?
![Page 83: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Dark Age Pottery
![Page 84: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Early IronAge Pottery
![Page 85: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
An Iron Age Pot
![Page 86: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
The Late Iron Age Southern Gate
Eastern (2008) and Western (2005) Piers of the Late Iron Age Gate (cf. Alisar gate).
![Page 87: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Iron Age Architecture
North Slope Casemate Wall 2005
2006
![Page 88: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Late Iron Age “Gate”
Architecture
![Page 89: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
LowerSouth Trench
----------------Iron Age Overview
---------------East Balk
The Middle Iron Age
Wall and Foundation
later disturbance
Late Iron Age gate pier
![Page 90: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Cadir Hoyuk Chronology
•The following tables provides a chronological outline of the site's settlement as revealed in archaeological efforts undertaken at Çadır between 1993 and 2005. Please note that the phases of occupation are numbered in ascending order, on the assumption that we have exposed all the major phases that we will find (with the possible exception of the Neolithic) from earliest to latest (I - X). The subphases, on the other hand, are lettered in descending order on the assumption that additional subphases may be uncovered below those already accounted for. I emphasize that while this is a preliminary chart and is susceptible to change and organization, it does reflect our current understanding of Çadır's historical development.
![Page 91: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Period Phase Dates/sublevels Primary Areas CommentsIslamic X 1100 and after Area around mound Misc. Pottery and a Seljuk
coin in a nearby valley
Byzantine IXa ca. 1075, Latest rebuild Area 4 (800.890) Poorly rebuilt walls (unfinished?)Stone pile in central courtyard
Byzantine IXb1 ca. 1000 AD Area 2 (910.920 Ceramics, walls, and manyRebuilding of main fort 1050.1000); coins; Ash and
burning Area 4 (800.890) over animal remains, many 11th c. coins with animals.
Samuel Alusianos lead sealing
IXb2 Last sublevel Bldg I (terr) Area 2 (950.970, 840.970) Const. X (1059-1067) coin onFoundations in Terrace sounding Sounding (910.920) terrace.
Byzantine IXc1i 2nd sublevel of Bldg A (cit) Area 4; Citadel (800.890) 2nd phase exterior citadel wall;ca. 800-900 AD Large mortared
interior wall F!continues in use.
IXc1ii 2nd sublevel building I (terr) Area 2 (950.970, 840.970) Coarse Ware pots
IXc2i 1st sublevel Bldg. A (cit) Area 4
IXc2i 1st sublevel Bldg I (terr) Area 2 (950.970, 840.970) Imitation African Red Slip
Byzantine IXd1 Early Byzantine Area 4 (Citadel ?) 1st phase exterior citadel wall; ca. 500-600 AD main interior wall (F 1);
plaster floors and plaster basin.
IXd2i Early Byzantine Area 2 (950.970, 840.970) African red slipped ware. ca. 500-600 AD especially Surface F33/34)
IXd2i Early Byzantine Citadel (?) unexcavated ca. 500-600 AD
IXd2ii Terrace (esp. surface F 37). Inlaid box lid
Roman VIII 100 BC-300 AD Area 2 (910.920) Pottery on the terrace only
Hellenistic VII 300-100 BC Area 2 (910.920) Pottery and robber trench,Area 3 (770.890 Wall at top of E.step- trench.and 770.900)
Islamic (X) to Hellenistic (VII)
![Page 92: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Iron Age (VI) – Middle Bronze (III)
• Late Iron VI 500-300 BC Area 4 (790.890) Painted sherds across site,esp. in (Achaemenid)
Area 5 (850.880) Monumental north gate rea and south Phrygian Gate area.
• Middle Iron Age Va ca 1000-500 B.C. Area 3 (770.890) “Phrygian” Sherds, pots, • gate, city walls and installations.
• Early Iron/ Late Vb ca. 1200-1000 BC Area 4 (780.890) Early Iron and “Dark Age Bronze Trans.sherds” with wallsfoundations; c14 dated.
•• Late Bronze II IVa ca 1400-1200 BC Area 1 (800.930) Hittite Empire Period: sherds,
Area 3 (770.880) architecture & City wall.Area 4 (790.890)Area 5 (850.880) Monumental gate.Area 7 (Caltepe) Temple and hilammi (?)
• Late Bronze I IVb ca. 1600-140. BC Area 1 (800.930 ) Old Hittite Kingdom:sherds,pots, and walls
• throughout whole east trench.
• MB/LB trans. IIIa Old Assyrian Colony Age Area 1 (800.930) Wall 20 w/ burned bricksca. 1750-1700 BC Area 3 (760.880) OACP Pottery sherds
» (=Karum Ia) Area 2 (Terrace)Pottery sherds and installation
• Middle Bronze IIIb Old Assyrian Colony Age Area 1 (800.930) Casemate wall, rooms w/ ca. 1850- 1750 BC Area 3 (760.880) OACP Pottery, pits above(=Karum Ib) mudbrick walls., c14 dated.
Area 2 (terrace) Pottery sherds
• Middle Bronze IIIIIc Old Assyrian Colony Age Area 1 (800.93 0) City Wall and Gate; ca. 2000 -1850 BC other architecture; c14 dated(=Karum II)
![Page 93: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Early Bronze III (II) to Neolithic (I)• Early Bronze III IIa ca. 2300-2000 BC (EB III) Area 1 (800.930) Intermediate and
Area 3 (789.890) Cappadocian wares.
• Early Bronze II IIb ca. 2800-2300 BC (EB II) Area 3 (760.880) Red chaff-temperedPottery sherds.
• Early Bronze I IIa2 ca. 3000-2800 BC (EB I) Area 3 (770.910) 2-room houses
• Trans. EB I/LC IIa1 ca. 3200 BC Area 3 (770.890) Graves cut into 1b; hearthsabove "burned room; blackpolished pottery and black
incised wares; copper grave goods; c14 dated.
• Late Chalco. Ia1 ca. 3200-3250 BC Area 3 (770.890) Small weak wall foundations (1998).
• Late Chalco. Ia2 ca. 3250-3300 BC Area 3 (770.890) Stronger foundations underand 770.900) Ia1.
Pithos room, above gate
• Late Chalco. Ib1 ca. 3300-3350 BC Area 3 (770.890 and Levels under Ia2 wall 770.900). Separated|
from gate by plaster floor and destruction.
• debris; c14 dated• Late Chalco. Ib2 ca. 3350-3600 BC Area 3 (770.890 and Gate and Enclosure Wall:
770.900) (latest Phase) c14 dated
• Late Chalco. Ib3 ca. 3600-3700 BC Area 3 (770.890 and Gate and Enclosure wall770.900) (earliest Phase); c14
dated.
• Early Chalco. Ic ca. 4500 BC (c14) Deep Sounding fill layer w/ F 42; c14 dated• Early Chalco. Id ca. 5200 BC (c14) Deep Sounding F 43 wall; c14 dated.
• Early Chalco. Ie ca. 5300 BC Deep Sounding F 44 wall foundation• Neolithic If ca. 5500 BC unexcavated No evidence
![Page 94: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Cadir Hoyuk c14 SamplesSample FCN no. Year 14C Age Square context 2s max cal age (cal age intercept) min cal age
Beta 134066 2494 1999 4840 +/- 180 BP 770.900 L 53 3780 - 3505 BC (Cal BP 5730 - 5455) and3435 - 3380 BC (Cal BP 5385 - 5330)
Beta 134069 2454 1999 4850 +/- 50 BP 770.900 DS L 46 3705 - 3620 BC (Cal BP 5655 - 5570) and3590 - 3525 BC (Cal BP 5540 - 5475)
Beta 134070 2582 1999 4380 +/- 130 BP 770.890 L 42 3485 - 3475 BC (Cal BP 5435 - 5423) and3370 - 2835 BC (Cal BP 5320 - 4785) and2830 - 2645 BC (Cal BP 4780 - 4595)
Beta 146703 3193 2000 2890 +/- 60 BP 780.890 L 5 1270 - 910 BC (Cal BP 3220 - 2860)
Beta 146704 3467 2000 2840 +/- 60 BP 780.890 F 4 1190 - 840 BC (Cal BP 3140 - 2790)
Beta 146705 3856 2000 4080 +/- 80 BP 789.890 L 11 2880 - 2450 BC (Cal BP 4830 - 4400)
Beta 146707 3130 2000 6130 +/- 40 BP 770.89 DS F 43 5220 - 4940 BC (Cal BP 7170 - 6890)
Beta 146710 3510 2000 5740 +/- 50 BP 770.900 L 65 4520 - 4480 BC (Cal BP 6670 - 6430)
Beta 146714 3565 2000 4750 +/- 80 BP 770.900 F 56 3670 - 3360 BC (Cal BP 5620 - 5310)
Beta 159385 4400 2001 2920 +/- 70 BP 780.890 F 5 1360 - 1360 BC (Cal BP 3310 - 3300) and1320 - 920 BC (Cal BP 3260 - 2870)
Beta 159388 4794 2001 3300 +/ - 80 BP 800.930 F 23 1750 - 1410 BC (Cal BP 3700 – 3360
Beta 159389 5360 2001 3400 +/- 70 BP 800.930 F 23 1910 - 1530 BC (Cal BP 3860 - 3480)
Beta 159391 4568 2001 4700 +/- 80 BP 770.890 L 69 3650 - 3340 BC (Cal BP 5600 - 5290)
![Page 95: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Cadir Hoyuk c14 Samplesby Period
Sample Chalcolithic Early Bronze MB - Old Hitt Late Bronze II Iron Classical
146707 5220 - 4940146710 4520 - 4480134066 3780 - 3505134069 3705 - 3620146714 3670 - 3360159391 3650 - 3340134070 3485 - 3475 2830 - 2645146705 2880 - 2450159389 1910 - 1530159388 1750 -1410159385 1360 - 1360 1320 - 920146703 1270 - 910146704 1190 - 840
NOTE: These are maximaum dates. Minimum dates recorded only when they fall in the succeeding period 2002 samples still pending.
![Page 96: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Funding for the Cadir Hoyuk Excavations has come from:
• The National Science Foundation
• The Loeb Foundation of Harvard University
• Dumbarton Oaks
• The University at Buffalo Foundation,
• A State University of New York Chancellor’s Award for Overseas Programs
• Hood College
• Mitsubishi
• National Geographic
• The Anatolian Archaeological Research Foundation
• The University College London Institute of Archaeology
• Ramerica International, Inc.
• The American Turkish Society, Inc.
• Cotton Couture, Inc.
• The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
• Private donors included Mr. Erden Arkan, Mr. George Blumenthal, Mr. Arnold Flegenheimer, Mr. I. Michael Kasser, Mrs. Louise A. Valdes-Fauli, Mr. Frank Spring, Mrs. Edmee Reit, Mr. Rick Schneider and Ms. Barbara Koz Paley.
![Page 97: Cadir Hoyuk - Ancient Zippalanda](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103018/5590a1791a28abf8788b45c5/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Tessekür Ederim!