c4c4Grants-in-AidGrants-in-Aid
and and MandatesMandates
Grant-in-aidGrant-in-aid
A grant-in-aid is funding granted by the national government, to state and local governments and citizens, which is then subject to government oversight.
Attractive Federal $$$Attractive Federal $$$
• Budget Surplus
• 16th Amendment
• Print $
• “Free” Money
PowersPowers Systems of Systems of GovernmentGovernment
States’ States’ RightsRights
National National SupremacySupremacy
Grants-in-AidGrants-in-Aidandand
MandatesMandates
SCOTUS andSCOTUS andFederalismFederalism
$200 $200$200$200$200$200
$400 $400$400$400$400$400
$600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600
$800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800
$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000$1000
Categorical GrantsCategorical Grants
Block GrantsBlock Grants
DEVOLUTIONDEVOLUTION
DEVOLUTIONDEVOLUTION
MandatesMandates
An unfunded mandate is a statute that requires
government or private parties to carry out specific actions, but does not appropriate any
funds for that purpose.
Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988
• The President on November 18 signed into law the Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988, which prohibits all municipal sewage sludge and industrial waste dumping into the ocean after December 31, 1991.
Americans with Disabilities Act Requires nearly all American business owners to make their business premises available to disabled customers, without providing any funds for the cost of reconstruction or additional interior space
The SCOTUS and FederalismThe SCOTUS and Federalism
• McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819
• Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824
• Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857
• United States v. Lopez, 1995
• Bush v. Gore, 2000
McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819
Chief Justice John Marshall
Is a “Bank” Constitutional?
Can a State TAX a National Institution?
Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824
Chief Justice John Marshall
Intrastate Commerce
Interstate Commerce
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857
Chief Justice Roger Taney
Is Dred Scott a Free Man or a Slave?
Missouri Compromise, 1820
United States v. Lopez, 1995
William Hubbs Rehnquist
Gun-Free School Zones Act, 1990
Not an Economic Activity
Devolution
Bush v. Gore, 2000
Sandra Day O’Connor
Hanging Chads
Undervotes