CONCEPTION & PREGNANCYHealth
Mrs. Wagner
CONCEPTION
Egg released from ovary once every 28 days (approx.) and enters into fallopian tube
If meets with sperm = fertilization Surface of egg changes to prevent other
sperm from entering Sex and genetic traits are set at fertilization
FEMALE REPRODUCTION Born with all follicles – unripened eggs – 3 million Will release 400 by menopause Menstrual Cycle Follicle – cell complex that surrounds and
nurtures the egg grows in the ovary Lining of the uterus (endometrium) builds up to
receive a fertilized egg Mid-cycle – egg is ready – ovary release -
ovulation Egg enters fallopian tube One of two things happen: egg is fertilized and
continue on to uterus and attaches to the lining – pregnancy begins
Or the egg is not fertilized – the uterus sheds its lining and menstruation begins
MALE REPRODUCTION
Sperm cells in testes Constantly creating Epididymis – holds sperm until mature Semen – fluid from prostate and cowper’s
gland Contains 300 million sperm cells 100 million (1/3 ) will die immediately
PREGNANCY
Egg + Sperm = pregnancy Implantation occurs – pregnancy test will be
accurate – looks for HCG (growth hormone) Usually 2 – 3 days after missed period 50% of fertilized eggs are miscarried 1 in 4 pregnancies are miscarried Average pregnancy = 40 weeks Three stages of development:
1. ZYGOTE
Within 36 hours – cell division begins Implantation – 4 – 5 days – travels from FT to
uterus – implants in wall – blastocyst – then becomes embryo
2. EMBRYO
Placenta develops Umbilical cord – 25 days after fertilization Filter between mother’s bloodstream and
baby’s – bloods do not mix – but substances can pass through – alcohol, drugs, etc.
Enclosed in amniotic sac – floats in amniotic fluid
End of 2nd month – embryo is 1 ½ inches long, has recognizable features – eyes, ears, hands, feet,
Becomes fetus
3. FETUS
3rd – 6 months – 11 inches and 1.5 pounds Begins to move and kick Sense organs develop – sensitive to light and
noises If born at this stage – low survival rate 6th – 9th Months Body proportions equal out Eyelids open and close Body fat accumulates End of 9th month – average size 20 inches
and 7.5 lbs.
TRIMESTERS OF PREGNANCY
1st Trimester 1st – 3rd Months Morning sickness – any time of day – caused
by changes in hormone levels Increase in breast size & tenderness,
frequent urination, fatigue 2nd Trimester 4th – 6th Months Abdomen swells, feels fetus moving Heartburn – digestive tract pushed up
3rd Trimester 7th – 9th Month Total weight gain 25 – 35 lbs. Movement can be seen Irregular contractions – Braxton Hicks Baby moves into birth position
FETAL DEVELOPMENT
1st Trimester 2nd Trimester 3rd Trimester
Most dangerous time –drugs/alcohol
16 Weeks – skin turns pink, fingers & toes
28th Week – Responsive 80% survival rate
2nd Week – implantation
18th Week - can find gender
32nd Week – lungs grow until 37th Week
3rd Week – heart begins forming
20th Week – feel quickening
36th – 40th – add fat – gains .5lbs. A week
4th Week – brain & spinal cord
24th Week – organs developed – except lungs
5th Week – eyes & umbilical cord
9 – 16 ounces
6th Week – Placenta
8th Week – bones, arm buds
12th Reflexes
PRENATAL CARE
Healthy baby = good health habits and doctor visits
Extra amount of nutrients and calories Viral infections = some birth defects Refrain from alcohol & drug abuse Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling
– check for birth defects Ultrasound – checks for physical problems –
20 weeks
INFERTILITY
Cannot have children 60-70% of time – female problem (more
complex system) Reasons for women1. Irregular ovulation - fertility drug cures2. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID) – scarred or
blocked fallopian tubes – In-vitro fertilization - 50 – 60% success ($25,000)
3. Misshapen uterus – surrogate mother
Men1. Low sperm count – ice packets2. Motility decreased – die before reach egg