Download - c++ Lecture 2
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Chapter # 2C++ Programming Basics
Lecture # 2Instructor: Engr. Afshan Asim
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Objectives
endl & setw Manipulator
const Qualifier
#define Directive
Input with “cin”
Type Conversion
Operators
Arithmetic Operators.
Assignment & Increment/Decrement Operators
Expression & precedence
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endl Manipulator
//endl Manipulator#include<iostream>using namespace std;void main(){int var1; //declare var1int var2=20; //20 is integer constantvar1=var2+10;cout<<“value of var1=”<<var1<<endl;cout<<“value of var2=“<<var2;system(“pause”);}/* end of program*/
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setw Manipulator
//setw Manipulator#include<iostream>#include<iomanip>using namespace std;void main(){int a=1234567;int b=234;int c=12345; cout<<“a=“<<setw(10)<<a;cout<<“\nb=“<<setw(10)<<b;cout<<“\nc=“<<setw(10)<<c;system(“pause”);}
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const Qualifier
//const Qualifier#include<iostream>using namespace std;void main(){int num1=15;const int num2=23;const float num3=3.14F;const int num4; //ERRORnum1=20;num2=50; //ERRORsystem(“pause”);}
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#define Directive
//#define Directive
#include<iostream>
#define PI 3.14
void main()
{
int num1;
num1=3*PI;
cout<<“Result=“<<num1;
system(“pause”);}
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Input with cin
//Method to take user input
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int num1, num2;
cout<<“Enter 1st number :”;
cin>>num1;
cout<<“Enter 2nd number :”;
cin>>num2;
or
cout<<“Enter two numbers :”;
cin>>num1>>num2;
cout<<“\n You entered:”<<num1<<“&”<<num2;
system(“pause”);
}
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Type Conversion
• Automatic Conversion
Data Type Order
long double Highest
double
float
long
int
short
char Lowest
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Automatic Conversion
//automatic conversion
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int a=20;
float b=2.34F;
int result;
result=a*b; //automatic conversion
cout<<“Result=“<<result;
system(“pause”);}
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Arithmetic Operators
• Four arithmetic operators work on all data types.– Addition: (+) cout<<6+8;– Subtraction(-) float f=3.4-2.0;– Multiplication(*) long m=34*20;– Division(/) cout<<8/5;
• Remainder/Modulus Operator: (%)Works only with (int, char, long, short)cout<<6%8 6cout<<9%8 1
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Arithmetic Assignment Operators
• Arithmetic assignment operators corresponding to all arithmetic operators are
+=, -+, *=, /=, %=item+=5 same as item=item + 5item-=6 same as item=item – 6item*=4 same as item=item * 4item/=9 same as item=item / 9item%=7 same as item=item % 7
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Increment Operator
• Increment operator ++ adds 1 to its argument– Prefix ++count– Postfix count++
int count=10;cout<<“count=“<<count<<endl; count=10cout<<“count=“<<++count<<endl; count=11cout<<“count=“<<count<<endl; count=11cout<<“count=“<<count++<<endl; count=11cout<<“count=“<<count<<endl; count=12
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Decrement Operator
• Decrement operator -- subtracts 1 from its argument– Prefix --count– Postfix count--
int count=10;cout<<“count=“<<count<<endl; count=10cout<<“count=“<<--count<<endl; count=9cout<<“count=“<<count<<endl; count=9cout<<“count=“<<count--<<endl; count=9cout<<“count=“<<count<<endl; count=8
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Expression & Precedence
• Any combination of variables, constants and operators– a+b– a/7– (a+b)*9
• Parenthesis has higher precedence.• * and / have same precedence.• + and – have same precedence.
20-3*7 20-21 -1(20-3)*7 17*7 119
• Operators with same precedence are evaluated from left to right(15-5)*5/10 10*5/10 50/10 5 (left to
right)
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Exercise
Assuming there are 7.481 gallons in a cubic feet, write a program that asks the user to enter number of gallons, and then displays the equivalent in cubic feet.
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