Download - C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed
![Page 1: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHAPTER 5: DEVELOPMENTAL INFLUENCES ON CHILD HEALTH PROMOTION
Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed.
![Page 2: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DEFINITIONSGrowth
Development
Maturation
Differentiation
![Page 3: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
THE DEVELOPMENTAL AGE PERIODS
PrenatalGerminal, Embryonic, Fetal
InfancyNeonatal, Infancy
Early ChildhoodToddler, Preschool
Middle Childhood School-age
Later childhoodPrepubertal, Adolescence
![Page 4: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PATTERNS OF GROWTH AND DEVLEOPMENT
DirectionalCephalocaudalProximodistal
DifferentiationSequential trendsDevelopmental paceSensitive periodsIndividual differences
![Page 5: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BIOLOGICAL GROWTH AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Skeletal proportion Changes
Changes in Weight
Changes in Height
![Page 6: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CHANGES IN WEIGHT
Doubles from birth to 6 months
Triples by end of first year
Quadruples by 2.5 years
2-3 kg growth per year preschool/school
age
Growth spurt starts 10-14 years (females)
11-16 years (males)
![Page 7: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CHANGES IN HEIGHT
Changes in HeightLength increase by 50% by 1st birthdayLength doubles by age fourHeight at age 2 approximately 50% of average adult height
Skeletal age: how is it determined? Hand and wrist x-rays
Why do adolescents get more fractures than ligamentous ruptures?
![Page 8: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES
Metabolic Rate
Sleep and Rest
![Page 9: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
TYPES OF TEMPERMENT
Easy childDifficult childSlow-to-warm-up childSignificance of temperament
![Page 10: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
FREUDIAN DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY
IdEgoSuperegoFreudian stages
OralAnalPhallicLatencyGenital
![Page 11: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ERICKSONS PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY
Trust vs. mistrustAutonomy vs. shame and doubtInitiative vs. guiltIndustry vs. inferiorityIdentity vs. role confusion
![Page 12: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PIAGET COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY
SensorimotorPreoperational
Egocentric thinkingIntuitive reasoningTransductive reasoning
Concrete operationsConservationInductive reasoning
Formal operations
![Page 13: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
KHOLBERG MORAL DEVELOPMENT
PreconventionalConventionalPostconventional
![Page 14: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DEVELOPMENT OF SELF CONCEPT
Body Image
Self Esteem
![Page 15: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
TYPES OF PLAY
Social-affectiveSense-pleasureSkill playUnoccupied behaviorDramatic/pretend playGames
ImitativeFormalCompetitive
![Page 16: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SOCIAL CHARACTER OF PLAY
Onlooker playSolitary playParallel playAssociative playCooperative play
![Page 17: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
FUNCTIONS OF PLAY
DevelopmentSocializationCreativitySelf-awarenessTherapeutic
![Page 18: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CHOOSING TOYS
Toy safety: pg 87SelectionSupervisionMaintenanceStorage
![Page 19: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DEVELOPMENT
HeredityNeuro-endocrineNutrition
Single most important influence on growthInterpersonal relationships
Emotional deprivationSocioeconomic levelDiseaseEnvironmental hazards
![Page 20: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DEVELOPMENT
Stress in childhoodMass media influence
ReadingMoviesTelevision
Read “Family-Centered Care” Video gamesInternet
![Page 22: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CHAPTER 6: COMMUNICATION AND PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CHILD
Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed.
![Page 23: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
COMMUNICATION AND PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CHILD
Establish a settingPrivacy and confidentiality
When is confidentiality limited?IntroductionsJust the child vs. child and parent
(Legal issues in telephone triage)
![Page 24: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
INTERVIEWING THE PARENTEncouragementDirectionCultural variablesUsing silenceEmpathy versus sympathy“Anticipatory guidance”What are blocks to communication
(Table 6-2)Use of interpreter (box on page 102)
Avoid using the child as interpreter!!!
![Page 25: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
COMMUNICATION WITH THE CHILD
InfancyNonverbal behaviors
Early childhoodRemember that they take things literallyThey may assign human attributes to inanimate
objectsSchool-age
Concerned with body integrityAdolescence
Establish trustDemonstrate positive communication to child and
parentCreative Communication (use of play)
![Page 26: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
HEALTH HISTORY
Chief complaintHistory of present illnessPast history
Birth history, Dietary history, Previous illness/surgeryAllergies, Medications, ImmunizationsGrowth and development milestones, Habits
Sexual historyFamily medical history
GeographyFamily structurePsychosocial historyReview of systems
![Page 27: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CLINICAL EXAM
Head to toe sequencePreparing the childSee guidelines, p. 119See table 6-2, p. 120
![Page 28: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
GROWTH MEASUREMENTS
When are growth charts different?Length vs. heightSkin-fold thickness: to measure fat
percentage
![Page 29: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS
TemperatureWhich way? Box 6-11 p. 125
PulseApical or radial?
RespirationBlood pressure
Annually starting age 3How to measure cuff appropriately, p. 130
![Page 30: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENTGeneral appearance
PostureBehavior
SkinAccessory structures:
hair, scalp, nailsLymph nodesHead and neck
Head lag: after 6 months=worrisome symptom
Head control in infant/toddlersPain on neck flexion=worrisome symptom
![Page 31: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT Eyes
PERRLAVisual acuity
Use Snellen letter chart Ears
Must restrain child when using otoscope on infant/toddler
Positioning: see figure 6-23 p. 140 Nose Mouth and throat
![Page 32: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENTChest
Normal breath sounds: p. 145Facilitating auscultation/deep breaths: p.
145Heart
Capillary refill time: how to assess?Heart murmurs: Innocent,
functional, organicAbdomen
Umbilical herniaInguinal herniaFemoral hernia
![Page 33: C HAPTER 5: D EVELOPMENTAL I NFLUENCES ON C HILD H EALTH P ROMOTION Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f2b5503460f94c45666/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENTGenitaliaAnusBack and extremities
JointsNeurologic assessment
Cerebellar function: Romberg test
ReflexesCranial nerves