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By: Mrs. Brown ‘10
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Society- page 126 in your text book.
Social groups- Chapter 5 in other text book
Institution – Chapter 5 in other text book.
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Society- All the people who share common culture and who live together in one place.
Social groups- Two or more people linked by a common purpose or interest.
Institution –A system of norms organized around a given function or society. It is also a set of procedures which enables people in a society to satisfy their needs through social interaction.
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Norms, values, roles, culture, interaction.
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1. "No man is an island no man stands alone."
2. The need for friendship and a sense of belonging
3. To accomplish much desired goals 4. To fulfill acquired social roles and
assumed status 5. Identity and security
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1. Regular interaction2. Have something in common, they
identify with one another3. Have rules4. Depend on one another 5. Have certain expectations6. Can be small or large7. Formal or infomal.
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List various groups to which people belong.
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•Primary groups •Secondary groups
•In-group•Out-group
•Reference group•Formal group•Informal group
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-Generally small and have long periods of interaction.
-Intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation
-Aspects of emotional elements can be found in this type of relationship
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-Usually cooperative and friendly and in continuous contact with each other.
-Play an important role in the socialization process and the development of roles and social status.
-Provides emotional support and encourages conformity through, obedience, respect or through pressure.
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Examples of primary groups include:
street gangs, members of a family, peer groups, that is, individuals who are of similar age coming together to form a group and sporting teams, like a basketball team etc.
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These are formal interpersonal groups in which little social intimacy or mutual understanding is evident.
These groups are usually large
Short duration of interaction, little social intimacy.
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Relationships are usually superficial and based strictly on business.
Members are more formal and impersonal
This group involves only a segment of the member's life. Exists to accomplish a specific purpose.
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In-groups are groups to which people feel they belong.
It comprises everyone who is regarded as 'we' or 'us'.
Members feel a sense of distinctiveness and superiority among themselves.
They see themselves as better than people in the out group.
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Out-groups are groups to which people feel they do not belong.
It comprises everyone who is viewed as 'they' or 'them'. Conflicts may arise between in-groups and out-groups.
Examples are the feuding between schools and individuals from distinctive neighbourhoods.
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Groups that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their behaviour.
Reference groups set and enforce standards of conduct and beliefs, serving as a standard against which people can measure themselves and others.
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We also shift our reference group as we take on different positions during our lifetime.
Reference groups may include our families, teachers, classmates, professional football team.
We may use a group as a point of reference without being a part of this group. Reference groups may be positive or negative.