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BY DR .Noha Elsayed
Cell life cycle
2015--2016
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objectives
1. Describe the phases of the cell cycle.2. As a part of interphase, describe the3. process of DNA replication.4. As a part of interphase, also describe5. How cells carry out protein synthesis.6. Describe the phases of mitosis, and7. Explain the function of mitosis.
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Cell Life Cycle
· Cells have two major periods
1-Interphase
· Cell grows
· Cell carries on metabolic processes
2-Cell division
· Cell replicates itself
· Function is to produce more cells for growth and
repair processes
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DNA Replication
· Genetic material duplicated and
readies a cell for division into two
cells
· Occurs toward the end of
interphase
· DNA uncoils and each side serves
as a template
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Events of Cell Division
· Mitosis :-
· Division of the nucleus
· Results in the formation of two daughter nuclei
· Cytokinesis :-
· Division of the cytoplasm
· Begins when mitosis is near completion
· Results in the formation of two daughter cells
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Stages of Mitosis
· Interphase :-
· No cell division occurs
· The cell carries out normal metabolic activity and growth
· Prophase :-
· First part of cell division
· Centromeres migrate to the poles
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Stages of Mitosis
Metaphase :-
· Spindle from centromeres are attached to
chromosomes that are aligned in the center
of the cell
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Stages of Mitosis
Anaphase :-
· Daughter chromosomes are pulled toward the poles
· The cell begins to elongate
Telophase :-
· Daughter nuclei begin forming
· A cleavage furrow (for cell division) begins to form
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Stages of Mitosis
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Stages of Mitosis
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P r o t e i n S y n t h e s i s
Gene – DNA segment that carries a blueprint for
building one protein
Proteins have many functions :-
Building materials for cells
Act as enzymes (biological catalysts)
RNA is essential for protein synthesis
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Role of RNA
1-Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transfers appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building the protein
2-Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Helps form the ribosomes where proteins are built
3-Messanger RN
Carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome
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Transcription and Translation
Transcription
· Transfer of information from DNA’s base sequence to the
complimentary base sequence of mRNA
Translation
· Base sequence of nucleic acid is translated to an amino
acid sequence
· Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins
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Protein Synthesis
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Summary
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During interphase, DNA replication and
protein synthesis take place. DNA serves as a
template for its own replication: The DNA parental molecule unwinds and
unzips, and new (daughter) strands form by complementary base pairing.
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Continue:-
Mitosis consists of a number of phases, during
which each newly formed cell receives a copy of
each kind of chromosome. Later, the cytoplasm
divides by furrowing. Mitosis occurs during tissue
growth and repair.
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Thank
you