by: Clarissa Gomez, Cynthia by: Clarissa Gomez, Cynthia Rodriguez, Kimberly Tice, Rodriguez, Kimberly Tice,
Patricia CobosPatricia Cobos
by: Clarissa Gomez, Cynthia by: Clarissa Gomez, Cynthia Rodriguez, Kimberly Tice, Rodriguez, Kimberly Tice,
Patricia CobosPatricia Cobos
His TimesHis Times
Thomas Robert MalthusThomas Robert Malthus Handsome, high Handsome, high
forehead, short hair, forehead, short hair, sharp eyessharp eyes
Born Feb. 13, 1766 in Born Feb. 13, 1766 in Dorking, Surrey (England)Dorking, Surrey (England)
Second son of eight Second son of eight children children
Father-Daniel Malthus Father-Daniel Malthus
As A Young ManAs A Young Man Enjoyed chessEnjoyed chess Attended Warrington Attended Warrington
Academy and in 1784 Academy and in 1784 entered Jesus Collegeentered Jesus College
Tutored by Richard Tutored by Richard Graves, Gilbert Graves, Gilbert Wakefield, & William Wakefield, & William FrendFrend
Graduated with Graduated with honors in honors in mathematics mathematics
As Grown ManAs Grown Man
1803 married his cousin, Harriet 1803 married his cousin, Harriet Eckersall & had three childrenEckersall & had three children
1805 was appointed professor of 1805 was appointed professor of history & political economy in East history & political economy in East India College India College
Represented the first professorship in Represented the first professorship in political economy established in political economy established in BritainBritain
Participation in OrganizationsParticipation in Organizations
1821 became a member of the 1821 became a member of the Political Economy Club Political Economy Club
1824 was elected one of ten royal 1824 was elected one of ten royal associates of the Royal Academy of associates of the Royal Academy of Literature Literature
1834 was the first member in the 1834 was the first member in the Statistical SocietyStatistical Society
Member of the French Institute & Member of the French Institute & Royal Academy in Berlin Royal Academy in Berlin
His Major WorksHis Major Works
The Crisis The Crisis Essay on the Essay on the
Principle of Principle of Population Population
Investigation of the Investigation of the Cause of the Cause of the Present High Price Present High Price of Provisionsof Provisions
Second Essay on Second Essay on the Principle of the Principle of Population Population
Major Works (contMajor Works (cont))
Observations on the Effects of the Corn Observations on the Effects of the Corn Laws and of a rise or fall in the price of Laws and of a rise or fall in the price of corn on the agriculture and general wealth corn on the agriculture and general wealth of the country of the country
An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent, and the principles by which it is Rent, and the principles by which it is regulated regulated
The Grounds of an Opinion on the Policy of The Grounds of an Opinion on the Policy of Restricting the Importation of Foreign CornRestricting the Importation of Foreign Corn
Essay on PopulationEssay on Population
An analysis of the nature and causes of An analysis of the nature and causes of poverty poverty
A response to the writers who were A response to the writers who were expressing optimism and faith in the expressing optimism and faith in the nature of man nature of man
Controvert the notions of human Controvert the notions of human perfectibilityperfectibility
Purpose to explode such notions based on Purpose to explode such notions based on the inevitable scarcity resulting of human the inevitable scarcity resulting of human population population
Hypothesis and PredicationsHypothesis and Predications
Population growth always exceeds the Population growth always exceeds the growth of means of subsistence growth of means of subsistence
Actual population always has a Actual population always has a tendency tendency to push above the food to push above the food supply supply
Population growth would come to a Population growth would come to a standstill standstill
Postulated war, pestilence, famine, & Postulated war, pestilence, famine, & plague would operate as checks of a plague would operate as checks of a swelling population swelling population
Description of the EssayDescription of the Essay
Deals with emotional topics such as Deals with emotional topics such as welfare, infanticide, and faithwelfare, infanticide, and faith
Society’s ability to produce children Society’s ability to produce children outstrip our ability to provide energy for outstrip our ability to provide energy for their survivaltheir survival
Regards to the future of human societies Regards to the future of human societies Argued that once the poor had a taste of Argued that once the poor had a taste of
luxury, they would demand a higher luxury, they would demand a higher standard of living before starting a familystandard of living before starting a family
Description (cont.)Description (cont.)
Argued “perfectibility” of society will Argued “perfectibility” of society will always be out of reach always be out of reach
States he doesn’t hate the poor, but States he doesn’t hate the poor, but considers them mentally unfitconsiders them mentally unfit
Doesn’t advocate sexual abstinence Doesn’t advocate sexual abstinence as a solution to the population crisisas a solution to the population crisis
Criticized use of birth controlCriticized use of birth control Believed sexuality outside of Believed sexuality outside of
marriage was evilmarriage was evil
The Core Principles of The Core Principles of MalthusMalthus
1. Food is necessary for human existence 1. Food is necessary for human existence 2. Human population tends to grow faster 2. Human population tends to grow faster
than the power in the earth to produce than the power in the earth to produce subsistencesubsistence
3.Effects of these two unequal powers 3.Effects of these two unequal powers must be kept equal must be kept equal
4.Population reduction tends to be 4.Population reduction tends to be accomplished through the “positive” accomplished through the “positive” checks of famine, disease, poverty, and checks of famine, disease, poverty, and warwar
Controversial Sides of MalthusControversial Sides of Malthus
Attacks the Poor Laws in Ch. V of the Attacks the Poor Laws in Ch. V of the Essay, a decentralized system of poor Essay, a decentralized system of poor relief in Englandrelief in England
Attacked the Poor Laws by saying they Attacked the Poor Laws by saying they may alleviate short term suffering , but may alleviate short term suffering , but cause greater suffering in the endcause greater suffering in the end
Declares the abolition of Poor Laws & for Declares the abolition of Poor Laws & for the abolition of the National Health Service the abolition of the National Health Service in Britain or the Social Security System in in Britain or the Social Security System in the United States the United States
Work CitedWork Cited Donald Winch. Donald Winch. MalthusMalthus. Oxford University Press, New . Oxford University Press, New
York 1987, pp. 16-38York 1987, pp. 16-38 J.Dupaquier. J.Dupaquier. Malthus Past and Present. Malthus Past and Present. Academic Academic
Press, London 1983, pp. 85-97Press, London 1983, pp. 85-97 Thomas Robert MalthusThomas Robert Malthus. 1995. Victorian Web. 16 . 1995. Victorian Web. 16
Apr. 2002 Apr. 2002 <http://65.107.211.206/victorian/economics/malthus.<http://65.107.211.206/victorian/economics/malthus.htmlhtml
Peter Landry. Peter Landry. Thomas Robert Malthus Thomas Robert Malthus . April 2001. . April 2001. 17. Apr. 2002 17. Apr. 2002 <http://cepa.newschool.edu/net/profiles/malthus.htm<http://cepa.newschool.edu/net/profiles/malthus.htm
Ronald Bleier. Ronald Bleier. The International Society of MalthusThe International Society of Malthus . . 17 Apr. 2002 < 17 Apr. 2002 < http://www.igc.apc.org/desip/malthus/background.hthttp://www.igc.apc.org/desip/malthus/background.htmlml > >