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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Week 10 Overview
Cardiovascular test-correct in class
Chapter 10 pgs. 298-336-lecture
Getting ready for midterm using pgs. 95 Aand B-99 A and B in the syllabus
Medical Language Lab
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Musculoskeletal
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Week 10 Skeletal System
Function: support, protect, movement, hematopoiesis, and a storehouse for minerals
Medical Terms-Cartilage—chondr/o
Joints- arthr/o
Bone- oste/o
Rib- cost/o
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Periosteum-around the bone
Endosteum-Within the bone
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Joint- is the articulation of two bones
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Types of Joints
HingeElbows, Knees and Fingers
PivotCervical vertebrae
Ball and SocketShoulder/Hip
GlidingWrist and Ankle
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Other Terms
Ligaments fibrous bands that bind the bones firmly together while allowing movement
Tendons, which are rope like cables, connect a muscle to a bone. The tendon acts like a cable, pulling the bone into the new position as the muscle contracts.
Bursae-Burs/o- sac lining the joint
Synovial-Synovi/o-moveable
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Diaphysis- the shaft of the bone
Epiphysis- the end of the bone
Anatomical Landmarks
of Bones/ Parts of a long bone
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
The SkeletonAxial Skeleton- the skull and cage including the pelvisAppendicular Skeleton- the appendages
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Flat Irregular
LongShort
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Pathology of Skeletal System
Arthralgia -joint pain Ankylosis- stiff joint Arthrodynia- joint pain Bursitis- inflammation of the bursae Carpal tunnel syndrome-pressure on the median
nerve as it enters the hand through a tunnel in the wrist.
Arthritis- inflammation of a joint Rheumatoid arthritis- chronic inflammatory
disease that causes the body's immune system to attack the joints
Osteoarthritis- inflammation of the bone and joint Spondylosis- degenerative processes that affect
the intervertebral disc.
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Herniated disk- a slipped disk
Scoliosis- Lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine.
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Lordosis- An exaggeration of the forward curve of the lower part of the back, sometimes called sway-back.
Kyphosis- exaggerated outward curvature of the spine- humpback
KyphosisLordosis
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Spina Bifida- incomplete closure of the vertebrae Osteomyelitis- Inflammation of the bone, especially
the marrow. Osteomalacia- softening of bone Osteoporosis- A condition that is characterized by a
decrease in bone mass and density, causing bones to become fragile
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Rickets- A weakening of the bones due to Vitamin D deficiency
Fracture- FX- a break in a bone Closed Fracture- when the bone breaks under the skin Open fracture- when the bone breaks and protrudes
through the skin
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Greenstick fracture- when the bone suffers a crack to only one side, leaving it injured but intact.
Crepitation-A grating or crackling sensation or sound, as that produced by rubbing two fragments of a broken bone together
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Procedure of the MS system
Arthrectomy- removal of a jointArthroplasty- surgical repair of a jointArthrodesis- fixation of a jointCraniectomy- removal of part of the
skull
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Craniotomy- incision into the skullLaminectomy- Surgical removal of
the lamina of a vertebraAmputation- severing of a body part
Phantom-limb pain- pain felt in a body part that has been amputated
Osteoclasis- rebreaking of a bone
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
AbbreviationsBK or BKA- below the knee amputation IM- intramuscularAK or AKA- above the knee amputationX-Ray- radiological studySLE- systemic lupus erythematosusT-2- thoracic #2C-1- cervical #1L-3- lumbar #3NSAID- nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugCMST(P)- color, motion, sensation,
temperature, pain
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Muscular SystemMuscular tissue refers to all of the contractile
tissue of the body. It includes the cardiac muscle of the heart, smooth muscles that compose the viscera and the skeletal muscles that attach to bones.
The first two types of muscles are referred to as involuntary because there is no discretionary control over them. In contrast, the skeletal muscles are voluntary since their contractions are fully controllable. All muscles, through contraction, provide the body with motion or body posture.
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
My/o= muscle
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Characteristics of Muscles
Antagonistic muscle pairs- the skeletal muscles of the body are arranged in antagonistic pairs. One muscle of the pair produces movement in a single direction. The other muscle of the pair produces movement in the opposite direction. When one muscle of the pair is contracted, the other is relaxed.
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Terms Contraction-shortening of muscle fibers Relaxation- lengthening of muscle fibers Muscle tone-The natural tension in resting muscles Extension- to straighten a joint Flexion- Bending a joint Adduction- movement toward the midline Abduction- movement away from the midline Elevation- to raise upward Depression- movement downward Supination- upward Pronation- downward
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Fibroma- tumor of fibrous tissueTendonitis- inflammation of a tendonAtaxia- without coordinationDystaxia- difficult coordinationAtrophy- without nourishmentMuscular Dystrophy- A hereditary disease
characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers
PATHOLOGY
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Paralysis- without movement Hemiparesis- partial paralysis in one-half of the
body Paraplegia- paralysis of the lower extremities Hemiplegia- paralysis in one-half of the body Quadriplegia- paralysis of all four extremities Myalgia- muscle pain Contracture- permanent immobility of a joint Spasm- twitching
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Myocele- swelling of a muscleHernia- protrusion of one
structure into anotherTorticollis- stiff neck
Myosclerosis- hardening of a muscle
Myonecrosis- death of a muscle
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
PROCEDURES
Myorrhaphy- suture of a muscleMyectomy- removal of a muscle
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Abbreviations
MS- musculoskeletalIM- intramuscularTKR- total knee replacement
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Check out Page 106Musculoskeletal
Elements
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Business 86, Medical Terminology
HomeworkStudy for midterm using pgs. 95 A and B
through 99 A and B in the syllabus
Complete pgs. 101-107 (syllabus)
Complete pgs. 337-348 (book),
Term Plus Musculoskeletal-TE and MV
www.fadavis.com study questions for chapter 10
Read pgs. 386-413 and 428-445