Download - BUS 2101
BUS 2101
Decision Making
Financial Information Business Activities
Financial Statement Analysis
Financial Statements
GAAP
Operating
Investing
Financing
Income Statement
Users
External
Internal
Statement of Cash Flow
Balance Sheet
Annual Reports
Management Discussion
Notes
Auditor’s Report
Statement of Retained Earnings
Ratios
Liquidity
Profitability
Solvency
Market
Preparation
The Big Picture…
Accrual Accounting Concepts
• Cash basis accounting• Accrual basis accounting• Matching principle• Adjusting entries
– Prepayments– Accruals
• Adjusted trial balance• Closing entries• Accounting cycle
Cash basis accounting• Revenue recorded when cash is received
– No revenue if customer doesn’t pay at time of transaction
• Expenses recorded when they are paid– No expense unless payment made in period
• Advantage– Simple
• Disadvantage– Useful information???
• Often used by small businesses• Used by individuals for income tax purposes
Accrual basis accounting• Revenue recognition principle: Revenue is
recorded when service is performed or goods are delivered– May not be in the same period cash is received
• Matching principle: Expenses are recorded in the period they help generate revenue– May not be in the same period payment is made
• Adjusting entries: Needed based on revenue recognition and matching principles
Adjusting entries– Prepayments
• Prepaid expenses– Purchased supplies on 1/10/10 of $680– As of 1/31/10, only $100 of supplies in closet
1/10/10
Supplies (asset) 680
A/P 680
1/31/10
Supplies expense
580
Supplies 580
Adjusting entries– Prepayments
• Prepaid expenses– Paid $4,800 for 2010 insurance policy on 1/5/10– As of 1/31/10, used one month of insurance coverage
1/5/10
Prepaid Insurance
4,800
Cash 4,800
1/31/10
Insurance expense
400
Prepaid Insurance
400
Adjusting entries– Prepayments
• Depreciation– Paid $480,000 on 1/2/10 for building expected to last 20 years– $480,000 / 20 years = $24,000 depreciation expense– As of 1/31/10, need to record one month’s depreciation expense
1/2/10
Building 480,000
Cash 480,000
1/31/10
Depreciation expense 2,000
Accumulated depreciation
2,000
Adjusting entries– Unearned revenue
• Received $600 on 1/2/10 to fly customer to L.A. on 2/16/10
• As of 2/16/10, need to record revenue
Cash 600
Unearned revenue 600
Unearned revenue 600
Revenue 600
Adjusting entries– Accrued revenue: revenue earned but no cash received
• On 2/12/10, performed surgery on patient. Sent patient bill for $73 on 2/17/10.
• As of 2/28/10 no payment has been received
If not on 2/12/10, then 2/28
A/R 73
Revenue 73
Adjusting entries– Accrued expenses: expense incurred but not paid
• On 1/01/10, borrowed $100,000 at 6%. Interest is payable on 2/1/10.
• As of 1/31/10, no interest has been paid
1/1/10
Cash 100,000
Notes Payable 100,000
1/31/10
Interest expense 500
Interest payable 500
2/1/10
Interest payable 500
Cash 500
Adjusting entries
• Never an entry to cash• Either
– Dr. Expense or– Cr. Revenue– Other side of entry is to an asset or
liability account
Adjusted Trial Balance
• See page 177
Closing Entries
• Must reset income and expenses to zero before next accounting period
• Income summary is the basket used to do this
Closing Entries
• Debit Revenue, dump into Income Summary (Credit)– Revenue
•Income Summary• Credit Expenses, dump into Income
Summary (Debit)– Income Summary
•Expenses
Closing Entries
• Dump Net Income into Retained Earnings– Income Summary (if revenue > expenses)
•Retained earnings
• Dump Dividends into Retained Earnings– Retained Earnings
•Dividends
Accounting Cycle
Journal entries
Closing entries
PCTB
Financial statements
Adjusting entries
Prepare trial balance
Post to ledger accounts
BUS 2101
Decision Making
Financial Information Business Activities
Financial Statement Analysis
Financial Statements
GAAP
Operating
Investing
Financing
Income Statement
Users
External
Internal
Statement of Cash Flow
Balance Sheet
Annual Reports
Management Discussion
Notes
Auditor’s Report
Statement of Retained Earnings
Ratios
Liquidity
Profitability
Solvency
Market
Preparation
The Big Picture…