Download - Buku Latihan Kimia f5
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Worksheet 1
0
K : Kimia
I : Itu
M : Mudah
I : In Sya Allah /
Pasti
NAMA:..............................................
TINGKATAN:...................................
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Fast (F) or Slow (S) reactions? Write Ffor the fast reaction andSfor the slow reaction.
1. Fading of des on a s!irt "nder
!ot s"n
#. Stri$ing a %atc!
&. A 'iece of 'a'er t"rning ellow . "sting of a water 'i'e
*. Fring an egg +. i'ening of to%atoes
,. T!e weat!ering of li%estone -acid rain
. /igesting food
. "rning of 'etrol in a car engine 10. 2oo$ing a c!ic$en "sing
%icrowa3e o3en
WORKSHEET 1
2atalst is a s"-stance w!ic! 444444 a c!e%ical reaction w!ile it re%ains 444444444... at t!e end of t!e reaction. 2atalstlowers t!e 4444444444 energ.
(-) S'ecial c!aracteristic of catalst
2atalst alters t!e 4444444 of a c!e%ical reaction.
T!e 4444444 of 'rod"cts for%ed re%ain "nc!anged wit! or wit!o"t t!e catalst.
5nl a 44444444 a%o"nt of catalst is needed %a$e a c!ange in t!e rate of reaction.
Increasing t!e a%o"nt of catalst "sed generall will 444444.t!e rate of reaction.
2atalst %a "ndergo 44444444.. c!anges.
1 Time/s
Volume of
hydrogen
released/cm3
6it!o"t catalst
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2atalst re%ains 444444444 "nc!anged d"ring t!e reaction.
T!e 44444 and c!e%ical co%'osition of t!e catalst re%ain t!e sa%e -efore and after t!e reaction.
Most catalst are 444444444 ele%ents or co%'o"nds of transition ele%ents s"c! as iron7 nic$el and co''er(II) s"l'!ate7 2"S5,.
WORKSHEET 2
Experiment to investigate the effect of catalyst on the rate of reaction for decomposition of hydrogen peroxide soltion!
8ro-le% state%ent:
9'ot!esis:
aria-les:
(i) %ani'"lated 3aria-le:
(ii) res'onding 3aria-le:(iii) fi;ed 3aria-le:
A''arat"s:
Materials:
8roced"re:
&
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5-ser3ation:
Test t"e O"servation
A
#iscssion$
1. 6!at is t!e effect of %anganese(I) o;ide on t!e deco%'osition of !drogen 'ero;ide sol"tion?
&. 6!at is t!e f"nction of %anganese(I) o;ide in t!is e;'eri%ent?
*. 6rite a -alanced c!e%ical e
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WORKSHEET &
State and -riefl disc"ss two ind"strial 'rocesses t!at %a$e "se catalst. =+ %ar$s >
(i) 9a-er 'rocess is a c!e%ical 'rocess to 'rod"ce 444444444444 fro%
nitrogen and !drogen gas. T!e e
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@ T!e !ig!er t!e concentration of t!e sodi"% t!ios"l'!ate sol"tion7 t!e 44444444444 t!e ti%e ta$en.
T!e !ig!er t!e concentration of t!e sodi"% t!ios"l'!ate sol"tion7 t!e 44444444444 t!e ti%e ta$en.
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@ 1 t is 444444444444
T!e !ig!er t!e concentration of t!e sodi"% t!ios"l'!ate sol"tion7 t!e 44444444444 t!e 1ti%e
WORKSHEET 1
Experiments to investigate the rate of reaction!'i( Effect of si)e of reactants
Ai% : To in3estigate t!e effect of siBe of reactant in an e;'eri%ent -etween %ar-les and!droc!loric acid on t!e rate of reaction.
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T!e c"r3e of e;'eri%ent & is 44444444444. t!an e;'eri%ent 1.
T!e rate of reaction of e;'eri%ent & is 4444444 t!an e;'eri%ent 1
T!e s%aller t!e siBe of reactants7 t!e 4444444444. t!e total s"rface area7t!e 4444444444. t!e rate of reaction.
WORKSHEET 2
Meat c"t into s%all 'ieces7 !a3e 444444444.. siBe co%'are to t!e %eat c"t into-ig
'ieces. T!e 444444444 t!e siBe7 t!e -igger t!e 444444444444444.
of t!e %eat7 !ence t!e 44444444444444 t!e rate of reaction.
WORKSHEET 1
;'eri%ent 1 : 2a25*c!i's;'eri%ent & : 2a25*'owder
;'t &
;'t 1
5ne $ilogra%%e of %eat7 c"t into -ig 'ieces7 ta$es a longer ti%e to coo$ co%'ared to one $ilogra%%e of %eat c"t into s%all 'iece.
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An e;'eri%ent was cond"cted to find o"t t!e effects of te%'erat"re on t!e rate of reaction. 0c%*of sodi"% t!ios"l'!ate sol"tion 0.0
%ol d%C*at *0o2 was '"t into a &0c%*conical flas$. T!en t!e conical flas$ was 'laced on an DE sign on a 'iece of w!ite 'a'er.
10c%*of !droc!loric acid 1.0 %ol d%C*was added to t!e sodi"% t!ios"l'!ate sol"tion and s!a$en. At t!e sa%e ti%e7 t!e sto' watc! was
started. T!e sto' watc! was sto''ed as soon as t!e DE sign was no longer 3isi-le.
T!e sa%e ste's of t!e e;'eri%ent were re'eated for sodi"% t!ios"l'!ate sol"tion w!ic! was !eated to *o27 ,0o27 ,o2 and 0o2.
Fig"re 1 s!ows t!e readings of t!e sto' watc! for eac! of t!e reaction at different te%'erat"res.
*igre 1
(a) ecord t!e ti%e for eac! reaction in t!e s'aces 'ro3ided in Fig"re 1.=* %ar$s>
+
Ti%e7 t1 s
at *0 H2
Ti%e7 t2 s
at * H2
Ti%e7 t3 s
at ,0 H2
Ti%e7 t4 s
at , H2
Ti%e7 t5 s
at 0 H2
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(-) 2onstr"ct a ta-le and record te%'erat"re7 ti%e and 1ti%e for t!is e;'eri%ent.
=* %ar$s>
(c) (i) /raw a gra'! of te%'erat"re against 1ti%e on t!e gra'! 'a'er. =* %ar$s>
(ii) ased on t!e gra'! in c(i) 7 state t!e relations!i' -etween t!e rate of reaction and te%'erat"re.
4444444444444444444444444444444444444....................................................................................
........................................=* %ar$s>
(d) 8redict t!e ti%e ta$en as soon as t!e sign DE to -e not longer 3isi-le if t!is e;'eri%ent is re'eated at
o
2.44444444444444444444444444444444444
=* %ar$s>
(e)(i) State t!e 3aria-les in3ol3ed in t!is e;'eri%ent.
Mani'"lated 3aria-le: 44444444444444444444444444444444
es'onding 3aria-le: 444444444444444444444444444444442onstant 3aria-le: 44444444444444444444444444444444
=* %ar$s>
(ii) State !ow o" wo"ld %ani'"late one 3aria-le w!ile $ee'ing t!e ot!er
3aria-les constant.
44444444444444444444444444444444444
=* %ar$s>(f) State t!e !'ot!esis for t!is e;'eri%ent.
4444444444444444444444444444444444444
=* %ar$s>
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(g) Fro% t!e a-o3e e;'eri%ent7 t!e st"dent fo"nd a relations!i' -etween te%'erat"re and rate of reaction. T!e sa%e sit"ation can -e a''lied in
o"r dail li3es7 for e;a%'le7 $ee'ing food t!at is easil s'oiled in t!e refrigerator. sing o"r $nowledge of c!e%istr7 state t!e relations!i'
-etween te%'erat"re and t!e rate at w!ic! food t"rns -ad.
4444444444444444444444444444444444444...................................................................................
=* %ar$s>
RE+,T-O.SH-/ 0ETWEE. *REE.%3 O* E**E%T-4E %O++-S-O. ,.# *,%TORS TH,T ,**E%T THE R,TE
O*RE,%T-O. 5Temperatre
.m"er of particles and volme of a container is the same 6 "t different in temperatre (one 'erson acting li$es in t!e
te%'erat"re of +002 and t!e ot!er st"dent acting li$es in t!e te%'erat"re of *002) .
9AT (+002) *02
@6!at !a''ens ??? 6!at is o"r e;'lanation ????
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
10
-.STR%T-O. %,R#
-.STR%T-O. %,R#
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RE+,T-O.SH-/ 0ETWEE. *REE.%3 O* E**E%T-4E %O++-S-O. ,.# *,%TORS TH,T ,**E%T THE R,TE O*
RE,%T-O. 5%oncentration7/ressre'gas reactant(
.m"er of particles are different 6 "t have same volme!
T!in$ 446!ic! one !as !ig!er fre
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T!en 7 c"t t!e c"-e to for% s%aller c"-es (1c% ; 1c% ; 1c%). 8"t it in a -ea$er containing %odel ato%s () .
Swirl t!ose -ea$ers and co%'are t!e n"%-er of collisions !a''ens -etween t!e 'lasticine and %odel ato%s .
6!at we can concl"de fro% t!is acti3it ???
, 0
6!at is o" e;'lanation ???
1&
+ s%aller c"-es for%s2 cm
2c
m
cm
2 cm
T5TAJ SFA2 AA 1 c% ; 1 c% ; # ; +
,+ c%&
INTCJATI5N T6N SIL 5F 8ATI2JS
AN/ T5TAJ SFA2 AA
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CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
RE+,T-O.SH-/ 0ETWEE. *REE.%3 O* E**E%T-4E %O++-S-O. ,.# *,%TORS TH,T ,**E%T THE R,TE O*
RE,%T-O.
5/resence of catalyst
Ta$e one -o; wit! t!e !ole in t!e %iddle . 8"t t!e card-oard in t!e !ole 7act li$es t!e !"rdle -etween & area of t!e -o;(a-o"t 10c%
lengt!) 8 sitation ,.
8"t a-o"t + %odel ato% in one of t!e area of t!e -o;.
S!a$es t!e -o; and see !ow %an of t!e ato% %o3es to t!e ot!er side of t!e -o; and ot down .
T!en 7 re'lace t!e card-oard wit! anot!er card-oard w!ic! !as s!orter lengt!(a-o"t c% lengt!)Csitation 0
e'eat t!e sa%e 'roced"re as -efore.
1*
-.STR%T-O. %,R#
10 c%
c%
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Sitation ,
6!at is o" e;'lanation ??? 6!at do o" t!in$ t!e -loc$ re'resent in t!is acti3it ??
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
RE+,T-O.SH-/ 0ETWEE. *REE.%3 O* E**E%T-4E %O++-S-O. ,.# *,%TORS TH,T ,**E%T THE R,TE O*
RE,%T-O. 5/ressre
N"%-er of 'articles are t!e sa%e 7 -"t !a3e different 3ol"%e of t!e container of t!e reaction (different 'ress"re) .
T!in$ 44
6!ic! one !as !ig!er fre
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6!at is o" e;'lanation ???
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
1
%O++-S-O.THEOR3
According to Kinetic T!eor of Matter7
44444444444444444444444444
4444
For c!e%ical reaction to occ"r7 'articles of 444444. %"stcollide wit! eac! ot!er.
Not all collisions res"lt in c!e%ical reaction.
According to collision t!eor7 onl t!ose
collisions w!ic! !a3e t!e following:
(i) wit! 99999999orientationand
(ii) 'osses 444444444a%o"nt of
energ called 44444444444 Ea 7
will res"lt in c!e%ical reaction.
2ollisions of 'articles of reactants t!at res"lt in
c!e%ical reaction is $nown as
9999999999.
E**E%T-4E %O++-S-O.
ffecti3e collision is collision w!ic!
ac!ie3ed
444444444444444
44444444444444.
,%T-4,T-O. E.ER:3
Acti3ation energ is t!e 4444
a%o"nt of energ of collision t!at is re
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A2TIATI5N NG can -e 3is"alised - NG 85FIJ /IAGAM
1#
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E5T9MI2 A2TI5N N/5T9MI2 A2TI5N
1
1! S-;E O* RE,%T,.T 2! %O.%E.TR,T-O. O* RE,%T,.T
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9and o"t 1
5-ser3ation
1+
E=/+,.,T-O. O. *,%TORS
,**E%T-.: R,TE O* RE,%T-O.
S-.: %O++-S-O. THEOR3
&! TE>/ER,TRE O* RE,%T-O.
?! /RESSRE
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>etal
Ho@ vigoros is the reactionA
'tick a or =(
%olor of the metal oxide
'reside(
-nference
#oes the metal
"rn "rightly A
#oes the
metal
"rn
,re there
sparksAA
#oes the metal
glo@AWhen it is hot When it is
cold
1.Magnesi"%
&.Linc
*.Iron
,.Jead
.2o''er
Hand ot 2
#iscssion
1. Na%e t!e resid"e for%ed for eac! %etal.
1
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Metal "se esid"e na%e
1.Magnesi"%
&.Linc
*.Iron
,.Jead
.2o''er
&. 6rite t!e c!e%ical e
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a. 2ar-on O Binc o;ide P
-. 2ar-on O %agnesi"% o;ide P
c. 2ar-on O al"%ini"% o;ide P
d. 2ar-on O co''er (II) o;ide P
e. 9drogen O %agnesi"% o;ide P
f. 9drogen O Binc o;ide Pg. 9drogen O sil3er o;ide P
!. 9drogen O al"%ini"% o;ide P
i. Magnesi"% O Binc o;ide P
. 2o''er O %agnesi"% o;ide P
$. Linc O al"%ini"% o;ide P
l. Magnesi"% O al"%ini"% o;ide P
1. Ja-el t!e diagra% for t!e e;'eri%ent to deter%ine t!e 'osition of car-on in eacti3it Series.
&. ecord t!e o-ser3ation for t!e reaction -etween %etal o;ide and car-on.
eaction 5-ser3ation Inference
2o''er(II) o;ide7 2"5 and car-on
Magnesi"% o;ide 7Mg5 and car-on
Al"%ini"% o;ide7 Al&5*and car-on
&1
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Linc o;ide7 Ln5 and car-on
*. 2o%'lete t!e ta-le -elow.
1. Ja-el t!e diagra% for t!e e;'eri%ent to deter%ine t!e 'osition of !drogen in eacti3it Series.
&&
eaction 2!e%ical e
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&. 2o%'lete t!e inference -ased on t!e o-ser3ation gi3en.
eaction 5-ser3ation Inference
9drogen O 2o''er(II) o;ide T!e colo"r of co''er (II) o;ide c!ange fro%-lac$ to -rown.
9drogen OLinc o;ide T!e colo"r of Binc o;ide c!ange fro% w!iteto ellow w!en !ot and w!ite w!en cooled
again
9drogen OJead(II) o;ide T!e colo"r of lead (II) o;ide c!ange fro%
ellow to -rown w!en !ot and gre w!en
cooled again.
9drogen OIron(III) o;ide T!e colo"r of iron (III) o;ide c!ange fro%
-rown to gre
*. 2o%'lete t!e ta-le -elow.
Oxidation and redction
.o Term Explaination7activity
&*
eaction 2!e%ical e
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1 2o%'are t!e differences in
t!e 3igo"r of t!e reactions
of so%e %etals wit!
o;gen.
>etal O"servation Arrange t!e %etal
fro% %ost reacti3e to
t!e less reacti3e
Most reacti3e
Jess reacti3e
Magnesi"% "rns wit! 3er
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Jess reacti3e
< /raw a la-eled diagra% for
t!e e;'eri%ent to deter%ine
t!e 'osition of car-on in
reacti3it series.
C ;'lain w! reaction ofcar-on wit! co''er (II)
o;ide is redo; reaction
%hemical eBation
Type of reaction Why
5;idation
red"ction
D /eter%ine t!e 'osition of
!drogen in t!e reacti3it
series of %etals7
>etallic oxide O"servation /osition of hydrogen in
reactivity series
2o''er (II) o;ide 2o''er (II) o;ide -"rns -rig!tl Most reacti3e
Jess reacti3e
Linc o;ide Linc o;ide does not -"rn or glow.
2olo"r t"ens fro% w!ite to ellow
w!en it is !ot
Iron (III) o;ide Iron (III) o;ide glows di%l7 lea3ing
a gre resid"e
/raw a la-eled diagra% for
t!e e;'eri%ent to deter%ine
t!e 'osition of !drogen in
reacti3it series.
F State w!at t!e reacti3itseries of %etals are7
6rite t!e eacti3it Series
&
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of Metal
>ost reactive +ess reactive
1G /escri-e t!e e;traction of
iron fro% iron ores7
Stage Reaction %hemical eBation
8rod"ction of car-on dio;ide "rning of co$e
/eco%'oses of
li%estone
8rod"ction of car-on %ono;ide eaction of car-on
dio;ide wit! co$e
ed"ction of iron ore to iron ed"ced - car-on%ono;ide
ed"ced - co$e
(car-on)
e%o3al of i%'"rities For%ation of slag11 /escri-e t!e e;traction of
iron fro% iron ores7
Stage Reaction %hemical eBation
ed"ction of tin ed"ced - co$e
(car-on)
ed"ced - car-on
%ono;ide
12 "se t!e reacti3it series of
%etals to 'redict 'ossi-le
reactions in3ol3ing %etals.
Reaction Occr7 not Explaination and chemical eBation
Magnesi"% O co''er (II) o;ide
Linc O %agnesi"% o;ide
edo; reaction in c!e%ical cells;'lain wit! e;a%'les t!e o;idation and red"ction reactions at t!e electrodes of 3ario"s c!e%ical cells.
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Electrode ;inc %opper
Ter%inal
eason
Mo3e%ent of electron
Selected ions to disc!arge
9alf e
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edo; reaction in electroltic cells
;'lain wit! e;a%'les t!e o;idation and red"ction reactions at t!e electrode.
Example 1
/il"te co''er (II) c!loride sol"tion was electrolBed "sing car-on electrode.
&+
Ion in electrolte
lectrode Anode (anion electrode) 2at!ode ( %ation electrode )
Attracted ions
Ion selected to disc!arged
eason
9alfC e
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;a%'le &
2oncentrated Binc c!loride sol"tion was electrolBed "sing car-on electrode.
&
-on in electrolyte
lectrode Anode (anion electrode ) 2at!ode ( 2ation electrode )
Attracted ions
Ion selected to disc!arged
eason
9alfC e
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;a%'le *
/il"te co''er (II)
c!loride sol"tion was
electrolBed "sing
co''er electrode.
*0
Ion in electrolte
lectrode Anode (anion electrode) 2at!ode ( %ation electrode )
Attracted ions
Ion selected to disc!arged
eason
9alfC e
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2o%'arisons -etween electroltic cell and 3oltaic cell cells in ter%s of -asic str"ct"re7 energ con3ersion and t!e transfer of electrons at t!e
electrodes and wit! reference to t!e o;idation and red"ction 'rocesses.
!%haractheristic Electrolytic cell 4oltaic cell
*1
eason
53erall e
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;a%'le of set "' of cell
Str"ct"re
lectrode
sage of electricit
so"rces
2onnection
2on3ersion of energ
Mo3e%ent of electron
T!e reaction (in ter% of
electron transfer) occ"rs at
-ot! electrode
,node %athode .egative terminal 'anode( /ositive terminal 'cathode(
T'e of reaction
/5E A2TI5NS
1&.1 Analsing redo; reactions
*&
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1&.1.1 T!e definition of redo; reaction
**
A reaction w!ere -ot! o;idation and red"ction occ"r at t!e sa%e
ti%e
5;idation n"%-er
of Ln 0
5;idation
n"%-er of Ln
O&
5;idation
Gain of o;gen Joss of !drogen
Joss of electronIncrease of o;idation n"%-er
9&S O 2l
& S O &92l
Mg Mg&O O &e Ln O &92l Ln2l& O 9
&
Mg O 2"5 Mg5 O 2"
Mg is o;idiBed (gain o;gen) 9&S is o;idiBed (loss !drogen)
Mg ato% loss & electron to for% Mg&O
ions
ed"cing agent
ed"cing agent
ed"cing agent
ed"cing agent
9&S O 2l
& S O &92l
2l& O &e &2lC
Ln O &92l Ln2l& O 9
&
2l& is red"ced (gain !drogen)
2!lorine %olec"le gain & electron to
for% & c!loride ion7 2l Cions
5;idising agent
5;idising agent5;idising agent
5;idising agent
Mg O 2"5 Mg5 O 2"
2"5 is red"ced (loss o;gen)
ed"ctionn
Joss of o;gen Gain of !drogen
Gain of electronDecrease ofoxidation number
5;idation n"%-er of 9
O1
5;idation n"%-er of 9
0
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edo; eaction in ter%s of loss or gain o;gen7 !drogen7 electron and c!ange of o;idation n"%-er
;a%'le ;'laination
1. Magnesi"% gains o;gen to for% %agnesi"% o;ide
&. Magnesi"% is said to -e o;idiBed to %agnesi"% o;ide
*,
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T!e r"les in assigning o;idation n"%-er
*#
Examle
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* ExamleKMn!
"# $+%&+Mn + "$'2&
( )*a,r # $+%& +$+%& +$'2&( )
Atom ' *a- M.- n-Molecules #
2- !
2- 0l
2- *
2
Examle
2! #oxidation no ( +%
but *a # oxidation no ('%
ExamleAtom ' *a- M.- n-Molecules #
2- !
2- 0l
2- *
2
ExamleMn!
"
' # Mn + "$'2& ( '%
0r2!
"
2'' 20r + "$'2& ( '2
Examle
2! #oxidation no ( '2
but 2!
2# oxidation no
( '%
Examle*a0l #oxidation no ( '%M.,r
2# oxidation no (
'%
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1! 'a( :ive for @ays to define oxidation
'"( :ive for @ays to define redction
'c( State t@o example of oxidi)ing agent 'd( State t@o example of redcing agent
2! %alclate the oxidation nm"er of the nderlined elements and complete the ta"le!
.ame of %hemical formla of Oxidation nm"er for -/,% .ame of %ompond
*+
E2IS 1
Oxidation
Redction
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%ompond %ompond nderlined element
2o''er %ono;ide 2"&5 2o''er(I) o;ide
Ferro"s !dro;ide Fe(59)&
8-5& Jead(I) o;ide
8otassi"%
'er%anganate
KMn5,
*
T'e of edo; eaction
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2!ange of iron(II) ions to iron(III) ions and 3ice 3ersa
,0
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,1
/iagra%
9alf e
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More electro'ositi3e %etal will dis'lace a less electro'ositi3e %etal fro% its salt sol"tion
lectroc!e%ical Series C an arrange%ent of %etals -ased on t!e tendenc of eac! %etal ato% donate electron to for% a 'ositi3e ion.
Tendenc of %etal to
release electron
increases
lectroc!e%ical Series (2S)
K KO O eNa NaO O e
2a 2a&O O e
Mg Mg&O O e
Al Al*O O e
Ln Ln&O O eFe Fe&O O e
Sn Sn&O O e
8- 8-&O O e
9 9O O e
2" 2"
&O
O e9g 9g&O O e
Ag AgO O e
A" A"O O e
Tendenc of ions to
recei3e electron
increases
eaction ;'lanation
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More electronegati3e !alogen can dis'lace a less electronegati3e !alogen fro% its !alide sol"tion
Magnesi"% 'late is added
to co''er(II) nitrate
sol"tion
1.Magnesi"% is %ore
electro'ositi3e t!an co''er
&. Magnesi"% release
electron to for%
%agnesi"% ion7 Mg
&O
*. Magnesi"% is o;idiBed.
,. Mg is a red"cing agent
. 2"&Ogain electron to
for% co''er %etal.
#. 2o''er ion7 2"&O is
red"ced
. 2"&Ois o;idiBing agent
9alf e< :
Mg Mg&O O &e
9alf e
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2!lorine water is added to
'otassi"% -ro%ide
sol"tion
1.2!lorine is %ore electronegati3e
t!an -ro%ine
&. 2!lorine gain electron to for%
c!loride ion7 2lC
*. 2!lorine is red"ced.,. 2!lorine is a o;idising agent
. ro%ide7 rCrelease electron to
for% -ro%ine.
#. ro%ide ion7 rC is red"ced
. ro%ide7 rCis red"cing agent
9alf e< :
2l& O &e &2lC
9alf e
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Worksheet 2sing t!e !eat 3al"e 'resented7 draw t!e energ le3el diagra%s for eac! reaction gi3en.
,
92l O Na59 Na2l O 9&5 9? 29*2559 O Na59 29*255Na O 9&5 9 ?
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,#
92l O N9,59 N9,2l O 9&5 9? 29*2559 O N9,59 N9,29*255 O 9&5 9 ?
9N5*O Na59 NaN5*O 9&5 9? 9N5*O N9* N9,N5* 9 ?
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Worksheet 3
Fig"re s!ows t!e e;'eri%ent to deter%ine t!e !eat of ne"traliBation for t!e reaction -etween s"l'!"ric acid and sodi"% !dro;ide.
After %in"tes7 te%'erat"re increased a-o"t 1*.# o2.
=c ,.& gC1o2C1>
/eter%ine:
(i) N"%-er of %ole for sodi"% !dro;ide sol"tion.
,
C C C C C C
C C C
C C C C C
C C C C
C C C CC C CCC CC C C C C &0 c%* !droc!loric acid
1.0 %old%C*
8olst!erine c"'
t!er%o%eter
&0 c%*sodi"%
!dro;ide
1.0 %old%C*
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2!anges of !eat in t!e e;'eri%ent.
9eat of ne"traliBation.
/raw t!e energ le3el diagra%.
In t!e ot!er e;'eri%ent7 &0 c% * et!anoic acid 1.0 %od%C*is reacted wit! sodi"% !dro;ide 1.0 %old%C*. 8redict t!e 3al"e of !eat of
ne"traliBation for t!e reaction. ;'lain.
,+
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,