Process of changing air in an enclosed space
A proportion of air should be withdrawn and replaced by the
fresh air continuously
Maintain the air purity, allow the oxygen to enter and water
vapors, smell to leave
Without proper ventilation, home will be suffer by damages,
most common-rot
Using less energy to have same kind of service
Instead of installing air-conditioner, use whole house fan
An efficient ventilation – establish hazard, satisfy usercomfort, be energy efficient, cost effective.
Heating, ventilation & air-conditioning (HVAC) ensure apleasant, comfortable & safe work environment
Significant energy and money saving can be made outthrough when constructing new buildings, good strategiespresence optimize energy use in existing HVAC systems thatare reducing the demand for the service and ensuring thegood maintenance practices
Passive Stack
Ventilation (PSV)
- Connected via near-vertical
ducts to ridge or other roof
terminals.
- Replacement dry air is drawn
into the room via background
ventilators and by air leakage
- Air is drawn up the ducts by a
combination of the stack effect
and wind effect
Installation process
Each wet room must have
their individual ducts
Make sure that the ducting
fixed securely to the
terminals
Cut the ducts to length, and
the angles of offsets should
not more than 45`
The ducts must be insulated
Wastes heat and may cause draughts therefore
additional input grilles are required in living rooms to
prevent draughts
Have tendency to over or under ventilate depending
on weather conditions.
Window trickle vents and wall inlets are required.
Lack of pressure differences affecting airflow might
mean it’s necessary to use an open window or
additional central fan during warmer weather
Possible Problems to
the System
Single Room Heat Recovery Ventilation (SRHRV)
Is also known as mechanical
ventilation heat recovery
recovers heat from the outgoing
air and pre-heats the incoming
air
moderate and balance the
temperature of the house
typically dual speed, providing
low-speed and high-speed
airflow
can be mounted on the places like floor, joists or plinth.
correctly located, wired and commission on places which have the easy access to the main electricity
Make sure there is an adequate gap between the exhaust vents and incoming vents
Installation process
Recirculation possible due to close proximity of supply
and extract grilles.
Too noisy to be installed in bedrooms or other quiet
places.
Fresh outdoor air and extracted air are indirectly in
contact with each other, therefore any pollutant could
be exchanged between the fresh and extracted air.
Possible Problems to
the System
Mechanical Extract Ventilation (MEV)
Extracts air from ‘wet’
rooms continually
Less dependency on
background ventilators
Able to increase the speed
of the fan and extraction
rate as necessary, rather
than raising the extraction
rate for the whole building.
ducts should be sealed using tape or sealant
can be mounted on the places which have anti-vibration mountings
between the unit and the structure.
Installation process
Requires ducting from the wet rooms and also requires
commissioning.
Air infiltration through the building envelope creates
easily draught in winter in cold climate.
The exhaust is usually from kitchens, bathrooms, and
toilets ventilation supply air flow is not evenly distributed
in the bed rooms and living rooms.
Possible Problems to
the System
Positive Input Ventilation (PIV)
is also known as low energy
positive input ventilation
typically mounted in the roof
space
supplying fresh and filtered air
into a property at a continuous
rate
either operate under manually
or humidity controlled boost
option
Make sure the upstairs ceiling
is airtight
Airflow should not passing
directly over a smoke detector
Air taken from the roof space
should be filtered.
The automatic sensor should
be correctly located, wired and
commission in the house.
PIV Loft Mounted Unit
Whole House Positive Input
Ventilation Unit
Installation process
Some additional enhancement may be needed
depending on the building structure
Air tight buildings there may not be enough ventilation
so may require extract ventilation ports in wet rooms,
these ports may have to remain constantly open
Possible Problems to
the System
Intermittent Extract Fan &
Background Ventilators
provide rapid extraction of moisture and other pollutants.
operate intermittently under either occupant or automatic
control.
The fans can be either mounted in a window, ceiling or
external wall.
These fans do not run continuously, therefore the
background ventilators should be sized to provide adequate
continuous whole house ventilation.
May produce lots of noise
Prone to occupant tampering & if
occupant is controlled, it may not be
used
Single façade dwellings require
additional background ventilators fitted
at low level
Possible Problems to
the System
Whole House Mechanical
Ventilation with Heat
Recovery (MVHR)
usually combines supply and extract ventilation in one
system.
Systems considered here incorporate a heat exchanger.
provide the ideal ventilation system, delivering the required
ventilation rate almost independently of the weather
conditions
The system is typically dual speed, providing low-speed
continuous ‘trickle’ ventilation, and high-speed ‘boost’ extract
flow.
An adequate level of air tightness must be achieved
In order to perform in optimum condition
Can be difficult in existing dwellings
Complexity for installation & commissioning
Possible Problems to
the System
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Maintaining the effectiveness of ventilation
regardless of wind direction
Ensuring constant supply of fresh air to maintain
Indoor Air Quality
Making sure Inlet and Outlet openings are not
obstructed by nearby objects
Air exchange rate in naturally ventilated areas
mostly on :-
Weather
Internal & External factors of a
building
Mostly applicable in tall
buildings
Warm air is less dense than
cold air, as a result, warm air
rises and escapes and cooler
air enters the building through
openings lower down
Effectiveness depends on:-
Height
Difference in temperature
Area/size of the openings
Energy efficient; no energy is
needed for stack effect to
take place
STACK EFFECT
Equipment used is known as Heat
Recovery Ventilator
Can operate independently or
attached to an existing system
Earth-to-air heat exchanger
involves a earth warming pipe,
buried 1.5m which transfers the
heat from inside to outside
Energy efficient
HEAT RECOVERY
VENTILATION (HRV)
Draws moisture from
wet rooms e.g.
kitchens, bathrooms
etc.
Placed on top of the
ceiling of the house
MEV Spider is an
Example of a
Mechanical Extract
ventilator
Operate with very little
power
Mechanical Extract
Ventilation (MEV)
Supply fresh filtered air
at a continuous rate
“PIV Loft Mounted Unit”
used in households to
circulate fresh air into
the building from a
central point
Energy efficient and is
used for health benefits
POSITIVE INPUT
VENTILATION (PIV)
ADVANTAGES
SAVE COST IN A LONG TERM PLAN
Control usage of energy
Control usage of electrical appliances
Electric bills per year REDUCED !!!
MUCH HEALTHIER INDOOR
ENVIRONMENT
Provide fresher air
Occupant will feel more comfortable
INCREASE PRICE OF ASSET Buildings that are perceived certified as
energy efficient
Command higher occupancy rates & rentals
Price of asset GONE UP
ADVANTAGES
IMPROVE OPERATING SYSTEM
Work more reliably & efficiently
Require fewer repair
LAST LONGER
CUTS BUILDING CARBON EMISSIONS
Reduce the emission of Greenhouse gases
SAVE ENVIRONMENT !
DISADVANTAGES
✘ HIGH COST IN SHORT TERM
Expensive building materials
Higher payment for architect & engineer
✘ TAKES LONGER TIME TO BUILD
Drastic architectural design
Require more time
✘ MIGHT HARM THE ENVIRONMENT
The use of natural materials
- ventilate the room to be hot or cold than the
outside air temperature
- causes air infiltration
- During the hot season, the indoor warm air will
flow to the top opening and replaced by the
cooler air outside through the stack effect of
ventilation.
- during the cold season, the cooler air will be
drawn out and replaced with warmer air from
outside
Stack Effect
create a healthier environment.
increase the air permeability
extract the stalely air from the kitchen,
bathroom & toilet
supplies the fresh air into the ventilation
system through a filter
prevent allergies from the incoming
dusty air.
Single Room Heat Recovery Ventilation (SRHRV)
Extracts the air from a particular room
Has two kinds of exhaust system
single-point
multi point exhaust system.
Single point exhaust system
extract the air from the kitchen & bathroom
allows the residents temporarily boots the ventilation rate
Multi point exhaust system
The bathroom has exhaust port instead of having spot fan
allows the residents temporarily boost the ventilation rate
Mechanical Extract Ventilation (MEV)
Positive Input
Ventilation (PIV)
Deal with condensation
problem in a building.
Ideal for retrofit projects.
Easy to install and
extremely cost-effective
to run
ARTICA
• Reduces energy usage up to 90%
• Lower costs
• Uses thermal Battery
• Consists of four components an insulated duct, air diffusers,
the Air Handling Unit and the control system.
• Perfect for offices and commercial properties
• Ground-breaking passive ventilation with
heat recovery product
• The highest levels of energy savings
• Designed for continuous twenty-four hour
ventilation
• Divides into Ventive S and Ventive S+
VENTIVE
• Provides high efficient cooling, heating, hot water, air
purification and ventilation
• Uses combination of air handling units
• This system utilizes heat recovery technology for saving up
to 40% of energy
• Suitable for places where everything such as humidity,
temperature, air quality and comfort must be in perfect
requirements like hospitals
DAIKIN
Case Study- PJ Trade Centre (PJTC)
Background of PJTC
Entrance of
Damansara
Perdana
Location
Developer Tujuan Gemilang Sdn Bhd
Contractor Syarikat Pembinaan LAL Sdn Bhd
Completed in December 2009
Financially Success for its investors
Sold out about 95% in 18 months
NOW fully occupied by 25 companies
4
TOWER
S MENARA MUSTAPHA KAMAL
MENARA GAMUDA
MENARA HASIL
MENARA BATA
WON TOP AWARDS Interior Design
Landscape Architecture
Commercial Architecture
The Architect-
Malaysia paradigm
Rooted with the local culture and climate
Designed as a “BOUTIQUE” office building
of the building….........
TYPICAL aluminum & glass box office
Over-burnt bricks & vent blocks on the facades
Minimize heat gained & allow natural ventilation
Single loaded & thin building mass
Allow the entrance of natural light and cross-ventilation
BIG LANDSCAPE PLAZA + SKY TERRACES 2.5 out of 5.4 acres of total land
More than 1400 trees
of the building (Con’t)
12 units
With trees, wall creepers &
hanging vines
Provide needed shade
Act as a filter to cool heated air
VERY SIMPLE
LESS obstructing objects
Uncomplicated flow of spaces
of the building….........
1-4 UNITS per floor + own washroom & pantry
Not being too compact
of the building…..........
Use the one in their own unit
Occupancy density Ventilation Rate
BIG balcony + nice landscape garden
of the unit…....................
Balcony is an alternative architectural
element as a wind scoop for scooping the
air into a building to allow the better
ventilation
LOWER temperature in the room
Bigger space > lower temperature
Provide better air ventilation
Resistance to flow through the structure reduced
in the unit…....................