Download - Buddhism and Hinduism
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Buddhism and Hinduism
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Founder
• Siddhartha Gautauma– Lived in India from 563 to
483 BCE• Meditated for 48 years
underneath a fig tree– Gained an understanding
of the cause of suffering• Known as Buddha, or
“Enlightened One”
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Spread of Buddhism
• Originated in India• Spread to China due to
missionaries and writings written by Ashoka– Ashoka: Emperor of
Maurya Empire in India– Embraced Buddhism
after he saw the effects of conquest
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Geography
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Fundamental Beliefs
• Four Noble Truths• Eightfold Path• Understand the Four Noble Truths + Follow
the Eightfold Path=Nirvana– Nirvana: release from selfishness, pain and
reincarnation
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Four Noble Truths
• First Noble Truth:– Everything in life is suffering and sorrow
• Second Noble Truth– The cause of all suffering is people’s selfish desires
for the temporary pleasures of the world
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Four Noble Truths
• Third Noble Truth– The way to end all suffering is to end all desire
• Fourth Noble Truth– The way to end all desire is by following the Eight-
fold path that leads to Nirvana
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• Eight-Fold Path• Right views• Right aspirations• Right speech• Right conduct
• Right livelihood• Right endeavor• Right mindfulness• Right meditation
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Hinduism
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Being Polytheistic
• Polytheistic: worshipping many gods, and not just 1• Hindus worship many gods and godesses, but they
believe all gods to be an aspect of 1 supreme god
Brahman
BrahmaShiva
Vishnu/Krishna
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Lifestyle
• Hindus believe in reincarnation– When you die, you come back as another being• Animal ,human
• What you come back as depends on your karma– The total of good and bad actions a human soul
carries with it from life to life
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Break the Cycle!
• Goal of a Hindu:– To reach moksha (salvation)• Release yourself from worldly desires and stop the
cycle of reincationation• Like Nirvana
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Caste SystemBrahmansKshatriyas
Vaisyas
Shudras
Untouchables
Priests and Scholars
Warriors, nobles, political rulers
Merchants, Farmers, Workers, Traders
Servants
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The Untouchables• Fishing• Sweepers• Killing and Disposing of
carcasses• Tanning leather• Sweat, urine, feces, spittle• Watching man
• Do NOT have full rights• ~160 million people in India
today
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Location
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Location
• Originated in India• Followers in:– Indonesia– Parts of Africa, Europe, and the Western
Hemisphere
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Judaism
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Founding
• Judaism was founded by Abraham
• Founded in the Middle East (Israel/Jerusalem)
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The Facts• Judaism is monotheistic,
meaning they believe in one god (Yahweh).
• Judaism has sacred texts:– 10 Commandments
(Laws to follow)• Brought to the people by
Moses– Torah (Scripture)
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Judaism Beliefs
• God loves and protects human beings, but he punishes them for their sins.
• You can serve God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings.
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Christianity
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Founding
• Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ• Originally in the Middle East and Europe, but
spread to North and South America
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The Facts
• Christianity is monotheistic
• Christians have one sacred text: the Bible– New Testament– Old Testament (the Torah)
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Beliefs
• Jesus is the son of God, and he died to save humanity from itself
• People can achieve salvation by following Jesus’ teachings.
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Islam
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Founding
• Founded by Muhammad
• Originated in the Middle East (Mecca and Medina), but has spread to North Africa, Asia, and North America
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The Facts
• Islam is monotheistic (Allah)
• Sacred Texts:– Qur’an
• Only written/read in Arabic
• One major division– Sunni: the majority of
the Muslim world– Shi’a: Iran
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The Beliefs
• The Five Pillars of Islam– Fasting– Pilgrimage
• Every Muslim must make the pilgrimage to Mecca
– Alms– Faith
• There is only one god and that god is Allah
– Prayer• 5 times a day facing Mecca