Download - BSS Hardware
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GSM – EGPRS Synthesis
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E-GSM frequencies
Uplink E-GSM frequencies
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Radio Interface3.4.1 Speech Processing: Radio Channel generation
Speech coding: Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)
t Voice quality benefits:n It provides the best voice quality according to radio conditions
n It increases in the same time the offered capacity due to the provision of half-rate channels
n 2 extensive sets of “codec modes”:– 6 possible rates in HR channels: 4.75, 5.15, 5.9, 6.7, 7.4, 7.95 Kbps– 8 possible rates in FR channels: 4.75, 5.15, 5.9, 6.7, 7.4, 7.95, 10.2,12.2 Kbps
Channel coding = speech protectionSpeech coding = speech information
Medium radioconditions
Bad radioconditions
Good radioconditions
t The benefit of AMR for the operator is to increase the quality of speech during the conversations and to increase in the same time the offered capacity due to the provision of half-rate channels.
t On the radio interface, the AMR can only be used with AMR mobiles. On the A interface, the AMR can only be used if the NSS implements it.
t When looking at current GSM codecs (Full Rate (FR), Half Rate (HR) and Enhanced Full Rate (EFR)), each of them answers to only one face of capacity and quality requirements:n EFR brings a higher speech quality than FR but with no noticeable impact on
capacity,n HR answers to capacity requirement, but suffers from a poor speech quality in
bad radio conditions or in tandeming (MS to MS calls).t AMR is a new technology defined by ETSI which relies on two extensive sets of
“codec modes”. One has been defined for FR and one for HR. When used in combined FR and HR mode, AMR brings a new answer to the trade-off between capacity and quality:n Speech quality is improved, both in full-rate and half-rate.n Offered capacity is increased due to the provision of half-rate channels
allowing to densify the network with low impact on speech quality.t The AMR technology provides also the advantage of providing a consistent set of
codecs once for all instead of introducing new codecs one by one in the time.t In the Alcatel product, AMR can be offered in 2 ways:
n In FR mode only, for operators who do not face capacity issues and want to benefit from the optimized quality of speech.
n In combined FR/HR mode, for operators who want to benefit from the above defined trade-off between quality of speech and capacity.
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3 The Base Station Subsystem3.5 Radio Interface
t GPRS / EGPRS throughput
CS2CS1
Coding Scheme Modulation Maximum rateper PDCH (kb/s)
GMSKGMSK
13.49.05
CS4CS3
GMSKGMSK
21.415.6
GPR
S
MCS9MCS8
8-PSK8-PSK
59.254.4
MCS7MCS6MCS5
MCS4MCS3MCS2MCS1
8-PSK8-PSK8-PSK
44.829.6 / 27.2*
22.4
17.614.8 / 13.6*
11.28.8
GMSKGMSKGMSKGMSK
* in case of padding
EGPR
S
B8 Number of GCHrequired per PDCH
11
22
54432
2211
Idem B7Idem B7
B9 Nbr of GCHrequired per PDCH
1.000.73
1.641.25
4.494.143.492.861.86
1.501.331.000.89
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3.3 Transceiver Equipment (TRE)
TRE G3 Types
t TRE G3 and G4 band and power comparison:
45.44 dBm35 W1900TRPM
48.03 dBm63.5 W1800TRDH
45.69 dBm37 W1800TRDM
45.44 dBm35 W900TRGM
Output level
(dBm)
Power
(Watt)
Band
(MHz)
Variant
30 W; 44.8 dBm35 W; 45.4 dBm1800TRADE
30 W; 44.8 dBm45 W; 46.5 dBm900TRAGE
25 W; 44.0 dBm60 W; 47.8 dBm1800TADH
12 W; 40.8 dBm35 W; 45.4 dBm1800TRAD
15 W; 41.8 dBm45 W; 46.5 dBm900TRAG
25 W; 44.0 dBm45 W; 46.5 dBm1900TRAP
25 W; 44.0 dBm60 W; 47.8 dBm900TAGH
15 W; 41.8 dBm45 W; 46.5 dBm850TRAL
Output Power, 8-PSK
Output Power, GMSK
Band
(MHz)
Variant
EDGE+
« TRA »
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t TRE G4 GMSK/8PSK power difference
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3 The Base Station Subsystem3.5 Radio Interface
t The coding scheme depends on MS position in the cell
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t MFS Evolution Capacity and performances
(*) 2 E1 are reserved for the GP synchronisation in case of centralized mode
Nota : from 9 GP in MFS Evolution, only 12 E1 is applicable on B8 MR6/7 and B9 MR1 ed6 , GP board (A9130 MFS Evolution) capacity is equal to the GPU board on MFS A9135 (legacy).
t Increase of capacity compared to the legacy is available with B9 MR4
A9130 MFS EvolutionEvolution & Introduction
reminder
Max number of PDCH per GP (A9130)B8 / B9 MR1 ED6
GP configuration max nbr PDCH (*) 12 E1(*)/board 16 E1(*)/boardGPRS CS2 240 960 960
CS3 220 864 892CS4 204 660 804
EGPRS MCS1 232 856 856MCS2 228 836 836MCS3 212 796 796MCS4 200 720 772MCS5 180 584 704MCS6 172 460 660MCS7 140 312 448MCS8 116 264 380MCS9 108 244 348
B9 MR4
Extensible Non Extensible
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3 The Base Station Subsystem3.5 Radio Interface
t Number of GCH per Coding scheme
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3 The Base Station Subsystem3.5 Radio Interface
t 1 GCH per PDCH as in B7
t (manual setting for B8 only - dynamic / automatic in B9)
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3 The Base Station Subsystem3.5 Radio Interface
t 5 GCH per PDCH: manual setting for B8 only !!
t (dynamic / automatic in B9)
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S2 Activation of High Speed Data ServicesHardware configuration management
t Configuration of the secondary Abisn Objective : Attach a secondary Abis
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2.1 Hardware configuration managementAbis Extra TS configuration
1
2
3
t When creating a BTS, the operator has to enter only the total number of Extra TS for the entire BTS (1).
t If necessary, he may modify the maximum allowed number of TS on primary Abis (2)(same meaning as in B8) and declare a Secondary Abis link (3).
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ChannelEncoding
Radio Interface3.4.1 Speech Processing: Radio Channel generation
Speech Digitization
and Encoding
InterleavingBurst
Formatting Encryption Modulation Transmission
ReceptionDemodulationDecryptionBurst
DeformattingDe-
interleavingChannel
DecodingSpeech
Decoding
POWER CONTROL
260 bits / 20 ms:13 kbit/s 22.8 kbit/s(per channel)
270.8 kbit/sFR Speech frames: (modulated...……...
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Radio Interface3.2.2 Physical Channels: TDMA Frame
1 BTS (eg. 3 carriers)
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
1 "CHANNEL" (in 1 direction)
Same "CHANNEL" (if bidirectional)
time axis
Time slot (or burst window)
1 2 3 4 5 6 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 70
1 2 3 4 5 6 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 70
22
17
7
22
17
7
Time shift betweentransmit and receive: 3 TS
Frequencyaxis
UPLINKBand
MS -> BTS
DOWNLINKBand
(BTS ->MS)
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1 What is GPRS ? 1.4 MS multislot class
NAxx119 to 29like 10
000NA88218011NA77217121NA66216131NA55215131NA44214131NA33213121544112121534111121524110121523191215141813143317131423161314221513141314132322131323121224221111
TrbTraTtbSumTxRxTypeMulti-slotclass
t MS typen Type 1 are simplex MS, i.e. without duplexer: they are not able to transmit and
receive at the same timen Type 2 are duplex MS, i.e. with duplexer: they are able to transmit and receive
at the same timet Rx
n Maximum number of received timeslots that the MS can use per TDMA frame. The receive TS shall be allocated within window of size Rx, but they need not be contiguous. For SIMPLEX MS, no transmit TS shall occur between receive TS within a TDMA frame. This does not take into account measurement window (Mx).
t Tx n Maximum number of transmitted timeslots that the MS can use per TDMA
frame. The transmit TS shall be allocated within window of size Tx, but they need not be contiguous. For SIMPLEX MS, no receive TS shall occur between transmit TS within a TDMA frame.
t SUM n Maximum number of transmit and receive timeslot (without Mx) per TDMA
frame
t Meaning of Ttb, Tra et Trb changes regarding MS types.n For SIMPLEX MS (type 1):
– Ttb Minimum time (in timeslot) necessary between Rx and Tx windows– Tra Minimum time between the last Tx window and the first Rx window of
next TDMA in order to be able to open a measurement window– Trb same as Tra without opening a measurement window
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Radio Interface3.2.3 Physical Channels : the Normal Burst
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
CHANNEL
time axis
guard time
Training sequence
577 µs
Time Slot (TS) or Burst Period (BP)
1 2 3 4 5 6 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 70
22
17
7
Burst
”Data” (114 symb)
t On the air interface, “bursts” are used to transmit information inside each time slot. The different types of burst are linked with the information to be transmitted. The most commonly used is the normal burst, the structure of which is described above. Other types of burst are used for frequency monitoring, synchronization and access (short burst).
t The size of the normal burst is slightly shorter than the size of the time slot (577µs):a “guard” time is used to take into account the possible variation of the time for the transmission of the signal between the MS and the Base Station when the MS moves.
t A Normal burst is composed of:n one training sequence, in the middle of the burst (26 symbols).n 2 blocks of data, 57 symbols each (on both sides of the training sequence): these coded and
ciphered data can be:– speech, or – (user) data, or– signaling information.
n 2 symbols on both side of the training sequence (1+1) used to transmit signaling information (GMSK only) instead of traffic during a call (stealing flags).
n Additional symbols at each end of the burst (3+3).t Due to the possible reflections on obstacles, the signal transmitted between MS and BTS is a multi-
path signal. Inside the receiver (BTS or MS), an equalizer is used to cope with the different paths in order to decode properly the final signal. The training sequence is a sequence of bits, known beforehand, which is used by the equalizer in order to improve the demodulation/decoding process on the other bits of the bursts:
(The receiver is “trained” on a pre-determined sequence (the training sequence) and afterwards it improves its performance on the rest of the burst …)
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Radio Interface3.2.3 Physical Channels : the Normal Burst
t Training Sequences:8 different bit patterns, chosen so that:
n They are easily recognizable (very accurate auto-correlation function)
n They are easily distinguishable from one another (little correlation between each pattern)
t Stealing Flags:
26 symb
"Stealing Flags“ GMSK ONLY
S = 0
S = 1
57 symb 57 symb+
+
Traffic (or Signaling out of call)
Signaling during call
Training sequence
57 symb 57 symb
GMSK: 1 bit / symbol
8-PSK: 3 bits / symbol
Modulation gross bit rate
t The GSM burst is divided into 156.25 symbol periods. A GSM burst has a duration of 3/5200 seconds (577 µs), (3GPP TS 05.02).
t For GMSK modulation, a symbol is equivalent to a bit (3GPP TS 05.04)n GMSK burst is composed of 156.25 bits:
– 6 tail bits– 26 training sequence bits– 116 encrypted bits– 8.25 guard period (bits)
n Modulation gross bit rate = (156.25 bits) / (3/5200 seconds) = 270 kb/s
t For 8-PSK modulation, one symbol corresponds to three bits (3GPP TS 05.04)n 8-PSK burst is composed of 156.25 x 3 = 468.75 bits:
– 18 tail bits– 78 training sequence bits– 348 encrypted bits– 24.75 guard period (bits)
n Modulation gross bit rate = (468.75 bits) / (3/5200 seconds) = 810 kb/s
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S1 : Introduction 1.3 Main features and characteristics
t In order to get higher throughputs, the 8-PSK (8 Phase Shift Keying) modulation is used.
t Only TRE G4 are compatible with both GMSK and 8-PSK modulations.
n 8-PSK modulation encodes 3 bits per
modulated symbol, as opposed to 1 bit per
symbol in GMSK.
n This roughly triples the bit rate compared
to GMSK.
(0,1,0)
(0,1,1)
(1,1,1)
(1,1,0)
(1,0,0)
(1,0,1)
(0,0,0)
(0,0,1)
t One of the modulation used by EGPRS is based on the 8-PSK (Phase Shift Keying). In this modulation, we define 8 states of different phases corresponding to all combinations of groups of 3 bits. Each time the phase will shift to the corresponding position on the circle (see above).
t While shifting from one phase value to another the signal modifies its amplitude.
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Radio Interface3.3.1 Logical Channels: Principle of Mapping with the Physical
Channels
1 2 3 5 6 7TS
Frequency Correction
Timing synchronization
System information
Subscriber paging
Response to access request
Out of call signaling -> MSi
Power Control -> MSi
Traffic samples -> MSj
In call signaling -> MSj
BTS MS
example: "Beacon" frequency, downlink:
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
PCH
AGCH
SDCCH
SACCH
TCH
FACCH
0 4
FCCH
BCCH
PCH
AGCH
SDCCH
SACCH
TCH
FACCH
SCH1
2
3
4
Traffic sample decoding
In call signaling receipt
Power Control
Out of call signaling receipt
Mobile presynchronization
Subscriber paging
Response to access request
t The 4 families of Logical Channels previously described can be mapped with the Physical Channels in the following way (one possible mapping): n 1 = Common Broadcast Channels TS0, beacon frequency: alwaysn 2 = Common Access Channels TS0, beacon frequency: alwaysn 3 = Dedicated Signaling Channels TS1 in this example
(in another possible mapping, they could be combined with “1” & “2” on TS0)n 4 = Dedicated traffic Channels All other TS
(from TS2 to TS7 in this example) t The different channels of the same family are therefore multiplexed in the same
Time Slot but in consecutive frames:for example the beacon, the timing synchronization, the system information always use the Time Slot 0 but in Frame 1, Frame 2, Frame 3, etc.
t In a cell with more than 1 frequency:Dedicated Signaling Channels (“3” in the diagram) could be located on another frequency.
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2 GPRS Operation2.2 MS Mobility Management States
Idle
Ready
Stand-by
GPRS Attach
GPRS Detach
READY timer expiry
PDU transmission
t MS MM states
t IDLE (GPRS) StateIn GPRS IDLE state, the subscriber is not attached to GPRS mobility management. The MS and SGSN contexts hold no valid location or routeing information for the subscriber. The subscriber-related mobility management procedures are not performed. Data transmission to and from the mobile subscriber and the paging of the subscriber is not possible. The GPRS MS is seen as not reachable in this case.In order to establish MM contexts in the MS and the SGSN, the MS shall perform the GPRS Attach procedure.
t STANDBY StateIn STANDBY state, the subscriber is attached to GPRS mobility management. Pages for data or signalling information transfers may be received. It is also possible to receive pages for the CS services via the SGSN. Data reception and transmission are not possible in this state.The MS performs GPRS Routeing Area (RA) and GPRS cell selection and re-selection locally. The MS executes mobility management procedures to inform the SGSN when it has entered a new RA. The MS does not inform the SGSN on a change of cell in the same RA. Therefore, the location information in the SGSN MM context contains only the GPRS RAI for MSs in STANDBY state.The MS may initiate activation or deactivation of PDP contexts while in STANDBY state. A PDP context shall be activated before data can be transmitted or received for this PDP context.
t READY StateIn READY state, the SGSN MM context corresponds to the STANDBY MM context extended by location information for the subscriber on the cell level. The MS
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2 GPRS Operation2.3 MS Radio Resource Operating Modes
Packettransfer mode
Packetidle mode
Packetidle mode
Ready Standby
RR
MM
t MS RR operating modes vs MS MM states
t Packet idle modeIn packet idle mode no Temporary Block Flow. Upper layers can require the transfer of a LLC PDU which, implicitly, may trigger the establishment of TBF and transition to packet transfer mode.While operating in packet idle mode, a mobile station belonging to GPRS MS class A may simultaneously enter the different RR service modes. A mobile station belonging to either of GPRS MS class B or C leaves both packet idle mode and packet transfer modes before entering dedicated mode, group receive mode or group transmit mode.
t Packet transfer modeIn packet transfer mode, the mobile station is allocated radio resource providing a Temporary Block Flow on one or more physical channels. Continuous transfer of one or more LLC PDUs is possible. Concurrent TBFs may be established in opposite directions. Transfer of LLC PDUs in RLC acknowledged or RLC unacknowledged mode is provided.When selecting a new cell, mobile station leaves the packet transfer mode, enters the packet idle mode where it switches to the new cell, read the system information and may then resume to packet transfer mode in the new cell.While operating in packet transfer mode, a mobile station belonging to GPRS MS class A may simultaneously enter the different RR service modes. A mobile station belonging to either of GPRS MS class B or C leaves both packet idle mode and packet transfer modes before entering dedicated mode, group receive mode or group transmit mode.
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2 MFS Telecom Functional Description2.1 PCU Functions
t PDCH allocation in a cell (2/2)AllocatedSPDCH
Max_PDCH - Nb_TS_MPDCH
Max_PDCH_High_Load - Nb_TS_MPDCH
Min_PDCH - Nb_TS_MPDCH
23
4 5
1
t (1)The cell is activated for PS traffic and MAX_SPDCH_DYN is equal to (MAX_PDCH -Nb_TS_MPDCH). Resources (Min_PDCH - Nb_TS_MPDCH) are requested to the BSC (pre-allocation phase).
t (2)Additional PDCHs are requested to the BSC until the maximum number of SPDCHs is allocated.
t (3)The BSC sends a Load Indication with a decreased MAX_SPDCH_DYN. A soft preemption is activated on the exceeding PDCHs. T_PDCH_Preemption is activated.
t (4)During the soft preemption process, T_PDCH_Preemption expires>. A fast preemption process is activated on the PDCHs that are still marked as soft preempted.
t (5) The BSC sends a load indication with an increased MAX_SPDCH_DYN.The PS traffic increases until MAX_SPDCH_DYN is reached.
t Max_PDCH_High_LoadDefines the lower value of the maximum number of PDCHs (SPDCHs + MPDCHs) per cell when the cell is in high load situation. This parameter indicates the lower limit of the load adaptation mechanism.
t Max_PDCHDefines the maximum number of PDCHs (SPDCHs + MPDCHs) that can be allocated in a cell. Whatever the PS traffic is, there will never be more than Max_PDCH PDCHs
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- Out of call signaling, such as location update, authentication, transition to encrypted mode, assignment of a traffic channel, etc.
SACCHSlow Associated Control
SDCCHStandalone Dedicated Control
Radio Interface3.3.3 Logical Channels: Channel Mapping
Structure of the Multiframe in "Time Slot" 1
LOGICALCHANNEL
8 TSs every 2x51 frames, giving 456 bits / 235 ms
---> 1.94 kbit/s
OCCURRENCEand/or USABLE BIT RATE
4 TSs every 2x51 frames, giving 456 bits / 470 ms
---> 950 bit/s
- Non-urgent procedures (background), occurrence ~0.5 sec: measurement reports, power monitoring, timing advance, + Short Message Service during call (SMS)
ROLES and USES of INFORMATION CARRIED
DOWNLINK
(Multiframes : 51 frames)
D = SDCCH A = SACCH
UPLINK
-
-- -
- -D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
A0
A4
A1 A2 A3
A5 A6 A7
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A0
A4
A1 A2 A3
A5 A6 A7
-
-- -
- -
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Gb interfacePermanent Virtual Circuit Definition
L5
Frame Relay Network
62 54 75 23
23L1
75L2
62L6
54
Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) MFS
End-user
SGSN
DLCI
23
Node-Z
Node-W
Routing table
L1/23 => L2/75
SGSN
End-user
MFS
DLCI
62
Node-X
Routing tableL2/75 => L5/54
Node-Y
Routing table
L5/54 => L6/62
t The MFS who wishes to send data to the SGSN, inserts DLCI=23 in the frame header.
t The first node (W), which receives this frame on the L1 link, examines its correspondence table and relays this frame on its L2 link making sure to assign the new DLCI=75 for this interface.
t The node X carries out the same operation and the frame is thus transmitted on the L5 link under the DLCI 54.
t Then the node Y carries out the same operation.
t Finally, User B receives this frame with a DLCI=62. It is able to identify the origin of this frame thanks to its DLCI calling part.
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5.2 BSS / NSS Protocols and Software Modules
5.2.3 GPRS and EGPRS Protocols [cont.]Layer Model for Transmission plan (GPRS and EGPRS) (2)
Header Data
Header Data
LLC
PHYSICAL
CRC CRC CRCRLC MAC
IP/X25
SNDCP
Division of the SDU in 2 blocks
Compression of each part
Label added for each block
LLC EncapsulationCRC
RLC Encapsulation
LLC frame splittedinto blocks
Header
= < 1520 BytesHeader
Channel Coding
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 4 Block 5 Block 6 Block 7 Block 8
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 8
CRCHeader
Header
t Level 3: (Data)n SNDCP = SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocoln GTP = GPRS Tunneling Protocol
t For GPRS Traffic, the BSS is only used for LLC frame relay between the MS and the SGSN.n LLC = Logical Link Control
(provides a safe link, independent from the physical support)LLC frames carry user packets (inside SNDCP-PDU) or SGSN-MS signaling (GMM/SM).
n RLC = Radio Link Control.(provide a safe link, but independent from the physical support: ack, error ctrl and flow control adapted to GSM channels)
n MAC = Medium Access Control(Mapping of LLC frames on to GSM physical channels)
n BSSGP = BSS GPRS Protocol (Similar to BSSMAP)Functions:
– LLC frame relay without integrity guarantee(relay of the user data and the GMM messages: Paging and indications on Um status). Hides FR layers for LLC layer.
– SGSN-BSS signaling = Gb interface objects handling.– Management of cell-SGSN traffic: flow ctrl + unblock+reset, particularly
management of the cell update (in the same RA): the BSSGP header always indicates the serving cell. Therefore if the MS is ready and it is a new cell, then the SGSN stores this new cell and sends back to it (DL) all the unacknowledged LLC_PDU.
t The CRC is checked by the RLC/MAC layer but is generated by the physical layer.
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2 GPRS Operation2.4 Basic Procedures
Um Gb Gn Gi
Application
IP
SNDCP
LLC
RLC
MAC
PhysicalLayer
MS
RLC
MAC
PhysicalLayer
BSS(with PCU)
(BSSGP)Framerelay
PhysicalLayer
GTP
UDP
IP
L2
PhysicalLayer
SNDCP
LLC
(BSSGP)Framerelay
PhysicalLayer
SGSN
IP
L2 (MAC)
PhysicalLayer
IP
GTP
UDP
IP
L2
PhysicalLayer
GGSN
Application
relay
relay
t Transmission plane
t GTP (GPRS Tunnelling Protocol) tunnels user data between GPRS Support Nodes in the backbone network. The GPRS Tunnelling Protocol shall encapsulate all PDP PDUs.
t UDP (User Datagram Protocol) carries GTP PDUs for protocols that do not need a reliable data link (e.g., IP), and provides protection against corrupted GTP PDUs.
t IP (Internet Protocol) is the backbone network protocol used for routing user data andcontrol signalling. The backbone network may initially be based on the IPv4. Ultimately, IPv6 shall be used.
t SNDCP (SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol ) maps network-level characteristics onto the characteristics of the underlying network.
t LLC (Logical Link Control) provides a highly reliable ciphered logical link. LLC shall be independent of the underlying radio interface protocols in order to allow introduction of alternative GPRS radio solutions with minimum changes to the NSS.
t Relay. In the BSS, this function relays LLC PDUs between the Um and Gb interfaces. In the SGSN, this function relays PDP PDUs between the Gb and Gn interfaces.
t BSSGP (Base Station System GPRS Protocol) conveys routing and QoS-related information between the BSS and the SGSN. BSSGP does not perform error correction.
t (NS) Network Service transports BSSGP PDUs. NS is based on the Frame Relay connection between the BSS and the SGSN, and may - multi-hop and traverse a
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3 The Base Station Subsystem3.3 Layered Model
BTS MFS SGSNMS
BSSGP
Gb
Physicallayer
Framerelay
RLC
MAC
RLC
Physicallayer
Framerelay
BSSGP
Um Abis/Ater
PCU
IP
LLC
GMMSM
relay
LLC
GMM SNDCPSM
relayPhysicallayer Physical
layerL2-GCHL1-GCH
L2-GCHL1-GCH
MAC
SNDCP
t User plane
t For GPRS TRAFFIC, the BSS simply relays the LLC frames between the MS and the SGSN.
t BSSGP = BSS Gprs Protocol. Functions:n to relay LLC frame over the Gb, with no guarantee of integrity (relaying user
data and GMM / SM messages : session, RA_update and paging procedures). Conceals the FR layers for the LLC layer.
n SGSN-MFS signaling = management of Gb interface objects (flush, paging, resume suspend, LLC-discarded and other procedures).
n cell-SGSN traffic management (identified by BssgpVCs): in particular cell update management (in the same RA): the BSSGP header always indicates the current cell so if a "ready" MS moves into a new cell, then the SGSN stores this new cell and sends all the unacknowledged LLC_PDUs to it (DL).
t The concept of handover has no meaning in packet switching (GPRS). There is no "circuit" to re-establish!
t RLC = Radio Link Control. (Provides a safe link for transporting LLC-PDUs in acknowledged or unacknowledged mode, LLC-PDU segmentation into blocks and reassembly, management of TBF contexts. RLC depends on the physical bearer: data encoding, error control and flow control suited to GSM channels.
t MAC = Medium Access Control. Multiplexing of RLC frames onto PDCH (transfer of blocks over the different PDCHi). Including traffic sharing over several TSs or, conversely, the use of one TS for several users.
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NSE2
SGSN
NSE1NSE1
NSE2
F.RF.RNetworkNetwork
PCM
3 The Base Station Subsystem3.4 Gb Interface
PCM
PCM
BVCI=2
BVCI=1
BVCI=3
BVCI=5
BVCI=6BVCI=4
BSC1
BSC2
GPRS Core Network sideBSS side
BC PCMBCPVC
BC BCPVC
NSVC1
NSVC2
PCM
PCM
PCM
BC PCMBCPVC
BC BCPVC
NSVC3
NSVC4
BVCI=2BVCI=2
BVCI=1BVCI=1
BVCI=3BVCI=3
BVCI=5BVCI=5
BVCI=4BVCI=4
BVCI=6BVCI=6
t Managed entities
t For GPRS TRAFFIC, the BSS simply relays the LLC frames between the MS and the SGSN.
t BSSGP = BSS Gprs Protocol. Functions:n to relay LLC frame over the Gb, with no guarantee of integrity (relaying user
data and GMM / SM messages : session, RA_update and paging procedures). Conceals the FR layers for the LLC layer.
n SGSN-MFS signaling = management of Gb interface objects (flush, paging, resume suspend, LLC-discarded and other procedures).
n cell-SGSN traffic management (identified by BssgpVCs): in particular cell update management (in the same RA): the BSSGP header always indicates the current cell so if a "ready" MS moves into a new cell, then the SGSN stores this new cell and sends all the unacknowledged LLC_PDUs to it (DL).
t The concept of handover has no meaning in packet switching (GPRS). There is no "circuit" to re-establish!
t RLC = Radio Link Control. (Provides a safe link for transporting LLC-PDUs in acknowledged or unacknowledged mode, LLC-PDU segmentation into blocks andreassembly, management of TBF contexts. RLC depends on the physical bearer: data encoding, error control and flow control suited to GSM channels.
t MAC = Medium Access Control. Multiplexing of RLC frames onto PDCH (transfer of blocks over the different PDCHi). Including traffic sharing over several TSs or, conversely, the use of one TS for several users.
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3 The Base Station Subsystem3.4 Gb Interface
GPRS Core Network sideBSS sidet Protocols
SGSNPacket Control Unit function(PCU)
BSS GPRS Protocol(BSSGP)
BSS GPRS Protocol(BSSGP)
Network Service Control(NSC)
Network Service Control(NSC)
BVCI=2
BVCI=1
BVCI=3
BVCI=5
BVCI=6BVCI=4
BSC1
BSC2
Sub-Network Service(SNS)
Physical layer
Sub-Network Service(SNS)
Physical layer
Frame Relay
BVC
NS-VC
NSE
PVC
PCM PCM
BC
t For GPRS TRAFFIC, the BSS simply relays the LLC frames between the MS and the SGSN.
t BSSGP = BSS Gprs Protocol. Functions:n to relay LLC frame over the Gb, with no guarantee of integrity (relaying user
data and GMM / SM messages : session, RA_update and paging procedures). Conceals the FR layers for the LLC layer.
n SGSN-MFS signaling = management of Gb interface objects (flush, paging, resume suspend, LLC-discarded and other procedures).
n cell-SGSN traffic management (identified by BssgpVCs): in particular cell update management (in the same RA): the BSSGP header always indicates the current cell so if a "ready" MS moves into a new cell, then the SGSN stores this new cell and sends all the unacknowledged LLC_PDUs to it (DL).
t The concept of handover has no meaning in packet switching (GPRS). There is no "circuit" to re-establish!
t RLC = Radio Link Control. (Provides a safe link for transporting LLC-PDUs in acknowledged or unacknowledged mode, LLC-PDU segmentation into blocks and reassembly, management of TBF contexts. RLC depends on the physical bearer: data encoding, error control and flow control suited to GSM channels.
t MAC = Medium Access Control. Multiplexing of RLC frames onto PDCH (transfer of blocks over the different PDCHi). Including traffic sharing over several TSs or, conversely, the use of one TS for several users.
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networkMS
startof TBF1 end of
TBF1TBF2 TBF3 TBF4
timefULi
Packet Channel Request
Packet Resource Assignment (list of PDCHi, token=T,TFIk)
MS starts listening to all DL blocks token value on the allocated PDCHi
SEND on block b+1 (TFIk)
in block b token =T ?
Y
N
MFS
Ø Ø T T Ø T Ø T T T ØDL PDCHi
? Ø Ø TFIk TFIk Ø TFIk Ø TFIk TFIk TFIkUL PDCHi
3 The Base Station Subsystem3.5 Radio interface
t UL transfer
t This slide demonstrate that the radio resources (blocks) are used only when data need to be transferred (LLC-PDU) : dynamic radio resource allocation. As a matter of fact, an MS shall specify its radio resource request at initiation of each TBF for a better optimization of radio resource & MS capabilities.
t A TBF (the blue shape) comprises one or more consecutive LLC-PDUs.
t Temporary (Block) Flow Identity = TLLI + sequential number, used by the network to recognize data from different MSs. Identifies uniquely a TBF in one direction within a cell.n The blocks are dynamically allocated upon the use of a token (Uplink State
Flag) allocated to the MS at TBF establishment. Any DL block includes a USF in the header.
n The mobile "listens" to the PDCHi assigned, when block b (in DL) contains USF = T, the MS shall send one PDTCH in UL on block b+1 on the UL PDCHi.
t The theoretical maximum of 160 kbit/s is given for one MS which would have 8 PDCHs of 21.4 kbit/s each. Those MS are yet to be available on the market place.
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PS PagingPaging Request ("packet")
Packet Paging Response
Packet Resource Assignment (list(PDCHj),TFIz)
The MS consumes the content of block b
in block b, TFI=TFIz ?
Y
N
MFS SGSN
UL TBF: refer toprevious slide
MS PDU
MS starts listening to all DL blocks TFI value on the allocated PDCHj
Ø Ø Z Z Ø Z Ø Z ZDL PDCHj
3 The Base Station Subsystem3.5 Radio interface
t DL transfer
t In DL, each time an LLC-PDU is received, if there is no TBF in progress, it is essentialto “establish" one.
t To respond to the paging, the MS needs to send a "paging response" to the SGSN (GMM) encapsulated in an LLC_PDU. This response is carried by an UL TBF.
t Upon reception of the Paging response, the SGSN can send the DL PDU (LLC frame) to the MS through the MFS.The MFS shall establish a DL TBF with the MS.
t DL TBF: each block of the DL TBF are identified by the DL TFI = TFIzt After completion of the TBF establishment phase, the MS listen to all the DL blocks on
the allocated PDCHs and keeps the blocks tagged with the TFIz.
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IMT
@1.1.1.50 @2.2.2.50
JBGPU slot [email protected] @2.2.2.51
JBGPU slot [email protected] @2.2.2.65
JBGPU slot 21
To A-GPSserver
PSDN
To OMC-RI/O LAN
@1.1.1.20 Sub@10002 Sub@10003
9 1 13 20
24 23 21 22
1 13 20 9
21 22
LSN 2
@1.1.1.1 @2.2.2.1
@192.1.5.33
@1.1.1.2 @2.2.2.2
@192.1.5.34
Serv
er A
@1.1.1.10 @2.2.2.10
External router
@192.1.5.33 / @[email protected]
External hub or intranet
3 Com
SUPERSTACK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 813 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Tcvr1Tcvr2
Port Status
9 10 11 1221 22 23 24
100 Mbps10 Mbps
Power/Self testMgmt/Attn
Segment
3 Com
SUPERSTACK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 813 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Tcvr1Tcvr2
Port Status
9 10 11 1221 22 23 24
100 Mbps10 Mbps
Power/Self testMgmt/Attn
Segment
POWER
AUI10BASE210BASE-T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Tx
Rx
POWER
IOLAN+RackSerial Server
perle
POWER RPS ACTIVITY
RS232
LSN 1
@ 1.1.1.30
JBETI slot 4JAETI
@ 1.1.1.31
JBETI slot 23JAETI
RS232
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Partition
LinkMDI-X
MDI-X/MDIPower
Data<Data>
On Line
Col
NM C
AUI Part
Fault AUI
Serv
er B
3 MFS Ethernet Architecture 3.1 Ethernet Architecture and IP addressing
t 3 MFS ETHERNET ARCHITECTUREn JBGPU boards are connected to Hubs 1 and 2 through the BATTU boards. The
JBGPU board in slot 6 is connected to port 1, slot 7 to port 13 and so one.n Each JAETI applique is directly connected to port 9 of one hub. n Each server is connected to both hubs f. There is an IP connection between each
server to an external hub or to an intranet for the connection to the OMC-R.n The IOLAN is used to access the RS232 port of each server. It is connected to
hub1 only.n The IMT is connected to hub1 only.
t IP addressingn They are given during the MFS commissioning.n The floating address is used to access the active server from OMC-R.n To display the addresses of the board:
– Open Telnet session on a server.– Enter arp -a.
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t Reminder: all MFS connection possibilities
7.2 MFS Evolution connection modes
Summary
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t Direct connection for Gb
Dedicated or mixed Ater link
7.2 MFS Evolution connection modes
Standard connection with dedicated or mixed Ater link
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t Gb interface connection through the transcoder and MSC (TC transparency)
7.2 MFS Evolution connection modes
TC transparency (Gb interface through A interface)
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third rack
4 Alcatel Solution 4.3 SGSN Packet Switched Core Network
Screen KeyboardKVM Switch
NS500
NS500
Firewall Server
external DNS
NTS150NTS150 NTP Server
PLMNDNS/DHCP
LAN Gi Gp
BG, Access Router
second rack
LANIO/Gnswitches
Non-pilotservers
SGSN/GGSNrouters
first rack
LSN Ethernetswitches
GPU
CCS N7
pilotservers
t Compacted configuration racks
t The E configuration is the smallest one available. It can be software-blocked to 25K, 50K or 75 K MM contexts. Above, the configuration with co-located GGSN.
nEquipment QuantitynCMIC couplers 2 to 4nGPU boards 2 to 6nGb PCM links Up to 96nDS10 servers 4 (2 Pilots et 2 non Pilots with SS7 adapter)nShared Disks 2x18 GbytesnRouters 2 or 3
t G configuration is the largest one available.nEquipment QuantitynCMIC couplers 2 to 4nGPU boards 8nGb PCM links 128nDS10 servers 12 to 14 (2 Pilots, 10 to 12 Non Pilots with SS7 adapter)nShared Disks 2x18 GbytesnRouters 2 or 3
t Power Supply:n48V DC by a Top Rack Unit inside Each rack (GPU sub-rack, Fans, CMIC sub-rack, SGSN router).n230V AC in Direct Link for each Non Pilot DS10, secured link for the Pilot DS10, Fast Ethernet Switches and RS232 concentrators.
t The GPU redundancy functionality is not provided in Release 2
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4.1 Configurations and Boards LocationBSC configurations
t Rack Layout, maximum Configuration (conf. 6):n Smaller configurations consist of less racks or half-filled racks
AIRBAFFLE
A-BIS TSUGS
GSCOMMON TSUTSCA
ClockStage 1
Stage 2Stage 2 Stage 2Group Switch GS GS
A-TER TSU A-TER TSU
A-BIS TSU
A-BIS TSU
A-TER TSU
A-BIS TSU
Stage 2
A-BIS TSU
AIRBAFFLE
A-BIS TSUGS
GSA-BIS TSUTSCA
ClockStage 1
Stage 2Stage 2 Stage 2
A-BIS TSU
Group Switch GS GS
A-TER TSU
A-TER TSU A-TER TSU
A-BIS TSU
Stage 2
A-BIS TSU
AIRBAFFLE
A-BIS TSUGS
A-BIS TSUTSCA
ClockStage 1
A-BIS TSU
A-TER TSU
A-TER TSU A-TER TSU
A-BIS TSU
Conf 1
Conf 2
3
4
5
6
t For a detailed description of each rack, see appendix.
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t Function of the DTCC according to its location
S4: BSC configurationsDTCC function mapping
Rack 1 Rack 2 Rack 3
A-BISGS 1
GS 2COMMON TSUTSCA
Clock
A-BIS
A-BIS A-BIS
N7
N7
SCCP
TCHRM
TCHRM
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
TCHRM
TCHRM
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
N7
N7
N7
N7
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
GS 2 GS 2 GS 2
A-BISGS 1
GS 2TSCA
Clock
A-BIS
A-BIS A-BIS
N7
N7
SCCP
TCHRM
TCHRM
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
TCHRM
TCHRM
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
N7
N7
N7
N7
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
GS 2 GS 2 GS 2
A-BIS
A-BISGS 1
TSCA
Clock
A-BIS
A-BIS A-BIS
N7
N7
SCCP
TCHRM
TCHRM
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
TCHRM
TCHRM
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
N7
N7
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
A-BIS
AterMux1 AterMux2 AterMux3 AterMux4
AterMux5 AterMux6
AterMux7 AterMux8 AterMux9 AterMux10
AterMux11 AterMux12
AterMux13 AterMux14 AterMux15 AterMux16
AterMux17 AterMux18
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313131
SN7
31
0
SN7SN7
31
0
00
X2531
X25
N7Alarm byte
Qmux
0
1415
16
31
0
A-ter Mux (1 or 2)A-ter A
4.4 A, A-ter, A-ter Mux Time Slot Mapping Principle
31
141516 N7
141516 N7
141516
31
SN7
31
SN7
31
SN7
31
141516
141516
ASMB MT120
31
141516
31
141516
31
141516
0
00
X25
1
2
4
3
X X X XX XX X
t This figure gives the principle of the A, A-ter multiplexing / demultiplexing in A-ter Mux interface for the A-ter Mux1 and 2 of one BSC
t For the other A-ter Mux (3 to 6) it is the same mapping with out X25 and Qmuxchannels .These are used for traffic channels
t Alarm byten In the alarm byte, 2 bits are used for each tributary
– AI alarm indication– RI remote alarm indication state
n Alarm byte status from MT120 to BSC– The alarm byte is always sent with no alarm state : Advantage being in
case of MSC reset to avoid any huge flow of blocking messages from BSC and to simplify alarm reporting from MT120
n Alarm byte status from BSC to MT120– In case of a reception of an AI bit set to “one”, an AIS is inserted to MSC
on A interface– In case of a reception of an RI bit set to “one”, an RAI is inserted to MSC
on A interface
t AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) is a technology defined by ETSI which relies on two extensive sets of “codec modes”. One has been defined for FR and one for HR. When used in combined FR and HR mode, AMR brings a new answer to the trade-off between capacity and quality:
– Speech quality is improved, both in full-rate and half-rate,– Offered capacity is increased due to the provision of half-rate channels
allowing to densify the network with low impact on speech quality.
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6. BSS Interfaces
A, Ater, Ater Mux Interfaces
t Ater Mux: MFS-TC – Indirect GB = TC transparency
t In this configuration there is granularity of 25 % which means 3/4 GSM & 1/4 (E)GPRS
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2 How Does It Work?
CCCH Direction
t Can you determine the direction of the 3 channel types carried on a CCCH?Select the correct answer for each channel.
Mobile
Base Station
RACH
AGCH
PCH
CCCH
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5 MFS Interfaces5.1 MFS - MS Physical Interfaces
t Control Plane / Without Master PDCH
GSL n x 64 Kbit/s(LAPD)
BSCBTS
AterMuxAbisUm
GPU
Paging RequestBSC Load
Channel RequestPDCH allocation
RSL 64 Kbit/s(LAPD)
BCCH
Paging Request
t Um interfacen The Um interface is located between the MS and the BTS. It is sometimes called
Air or Radio interface. It is used for both CS and PS traffic. The BSC is in charge of allocating radio resources on the Um interface.
t Abis interfacen The Abis interface is located between the BTS and the BSC. It is used for both
CS and PS traffic. The BSC is in charge of allocating Abis transmission resources. 16 Kbit/s channels are used for data transmission.
n The Abis interface can support 2 physical links (Primary Abis link and Secondary Abis link). They allow to use GPRS with CS-1 to CS-4, and EGPRS with MCS-1 to MCS-9 (if TRE capable).
n The signaling messages are carried on dedicated 64 Kbit/s channels, called Radio Signaling Links (RSLs).
t AterMux interfacen The AterMux interface is located between the BSC and the MFS. When used for
both CS and PS traffic, the interface is called AterMux (for multiplexed AterMux), and only 16 Kbit/s channels, called GPRS CHannels (GCHs) can be allocated.
n The signaling messages are carried on up to 4 dedicated 64 Kbit/s channels (at least one), called GPRS Signaling Links (GSLs).
t Gb interfacen The Gb interface is located between the MFS and the SGSN. The Gb physical
interface consists of one or more 64 Kbit/s time slots. They can be carried by the MFS-SM/TC Atermux interface or by direct 2048 Kbit/s links to the SGSN.
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MPDCH
PBCCHPBCCHPCCCH = PPCH + PAGCH + PRACHPCCCH = PPCH + PAGCH + PRACH
PTCH = PDTCH + PACCHPTCH = PDTCH + PACCH
PDCH
SPDCH PDCH = PDTCH + PACCHPDCH = PDTCH + PACCH
3 The Base Station Subsystem 3.5 Radio interface
t Master and Slave PDCHs
t For each cell, it is possible to define the MINIMUM and MAXIMUM number of channels reserved for GPRS + the maximum number of channels reserved for GPRS in case of high traffic load (when the BSC sends "Load indication" to the MFS through BSCGP protocol).
t There are two types of PDCH : MPDCH and SPDCHn MPDCH = Master PDCH = PBCCH + PCCCH (PPCH + PAGCH + PRACH) ->
carries GPRS signaling and system information.n SPDCH = Slave PDCH -> carries the user traffic.
t Benefits of the Master Channel :n Preserves CCCH capacity for speech servicesn Higher GPRS signaling capacity, in line with GPRS traffic growthn Differentiated cell re-selection strategy between GPRS and non GPRS MS. When
GPRS attached, a MS listen to PSI broadcast on PBCCH. It allows a finer tuning of GPRS re-selection algorithms, for example in hierarchical networks (C31 and C32 criteria). Otherwise, MS applies the basic Cell-reselection as in GSM Idle-Mode using the C1 and C2 GSM criteria
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Gb interfacePermanent Virtual Circuit Definition
L5
Frame Relay Network
62 54 75 23
23L1
75L2
62L6
54
Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) MFS
End-userSGSN
DLCI23
Node-Z
Node-W
Routing tableL1/23 => L2/75
SGSN
End-userMFS
DLCI62
Node-X
Routing tableL2/75 => L5/54
Node-Y
Routing tableL5/54 => L6/62
t The MFS who wishes to send data to the SGSN, inserts DLCI=23 in the frame header.
t The first node (W), which receives this frame on the L1 link, examines its correspondence table and relays this frame on its L2 link making sure to assign the new DLCI=75 for this interface.
t The node X carries out the same operation and the frame is thus transmitted on the L5 link under the DLCI 54.
t Then the node Y carries out the same operation.
t Finally, User B receives this frame with a DLCI=62. It is able to identify the origin of this frame thanks to its DLCI calling part.
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Gb interfaceGb Logical Presentation
NS-VCI 1
NS-VCI 3
NSEI = 1, Load sharing
MFS Frame Relay SGSN
BVCI = 0
BVCI = 2Cell id8
BVCI = 3Cell id3
BVCI = 4Cell id9
BVCI = 5Cell id7
BVCI = 0
BVCI = 2
BVCI = 3
BVCI = 5
BVCI = 4
PVC 1(DLCI = 34)
PVC 2(DLCI = 98)
Bearerchannel
3
NS-VCI 1
NS-VCI 3
Bearerchannel
1
PVC 1(DLCI = 16)
Bearerchannel
2
PVC 2(DLCI = 17)
FrameRelay
network
t Bearer channel (BC)n A BC is an n x 64 Kbit/s link which supports a Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC).
t Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC)n A Frame relay PVC allows the service of multiplexing on a BC. One PVC is
associated with one NS-VC. A PVC is identified by its Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI), which is independent from the one defined at the SGSN side. There is a dedicated DLCI (DLCI=0) used for the FR to support signaling functions (it is not a PVC).
t Network Service Virtual Connection (NS-VC)n In order to provide an end-to-end communication between the MFS and the
SGSN irrespective of the exact configuration of the Gb interface, the concept of NS-VC is used.
n The NS service is in charge of managing the load sharing.n The peer-to-peer communication between the MFS and SGSN is performed
over NS-VCs.n Each NS-VC is identified by means of an NS-VC Identifier (NS-VCI) having an
end-to-end significance across the Gb interface. NS-VCs are configured by O&M.
n In the Alcatel BSS, there is a one-to-one mapping between one NS-VC and a one FR PVC.
t Network Service Entity (NSE)n The Network Service Entity Identifier (NSEI) is an end-to-end identifier. It is
unique within the SGSN. At each side of the Gb interface, there is a one-to-one correspondence between an NSVC and an NSEI.
n An NSE is associated to a set of BVCs.The NSE maps a set of BVCs and an NS-VC.
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A9130 BSC Evolution configuration and performance in B9
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t Radio Access Network Overview
9135 MFS 9130 BSC/MFS
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A9130 BSC Evolution configuration and performance in B9
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MxBSC Software Architecture From G2BSC to MxBSC
T C U C
T C U C
T C U C
T C U C
T C U C
T C U C
T C U C
T C U C
A S
D TC C
D TC C
D TC C
D TC C
D TC C
D TC C
D TC C
A S
D TC C
C P R C C P R C C P RC C P RC C P R C C P R C C P R C C P R C
AS
6 xG.703AbisI/F
2 xG .703Aterm uxedI/F
Abis TSU Ater TSU
Common Functions TSU
G roup Switch8 Planes2Stages
TSL
ASM B
ASM B
Q 1 bus
Broadcast bus
TS C A
B IU A
OMCPOMCP
SSWSSW
CCPCCP
TP & LIU ShelfTP & LIU Shelf
• No more CPR broadcast: the feature is emulated.
• DTC TCH-RM does not manage Ater anymore and are moved on OMCP.
t Les DTC TCH-RM ne gèrent plus de lien Ater et ont été déplacés dans l’OMCP.
t Les CPR broadcast sont poubellisées
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1 TCU = 32 OBCI1 FR TRE = 8 OBCI
1 DR TRE = 16 OBCI1 EXTS = 4 OBCI
⇓1 TCU = 4 FR TRE1 TCU = 2 DR TRE
1 TCU = 8 EXTS
MxBSC Functional improvementsMxBSC: No impact of EDGE on BSC connectivity
G2BSC
BIUA ASMB
TCU
Switching
DTC
Abis Ater
SignalingSignaling
Telecom TrafficTelecom Traffic
With G2 BSC the CS and the PS traffics goes through the TCU and DTC
MxBSC
CCP
TP
TCU DTC
Abis Ater
SignalingSignaling
Telecom TrafficTelecom Traffic
With MX BSC the CS and the PS traffics are switched inside the TP
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t Shelf Geographic address
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JBX
TPJB
XTP
JBX
CCP
JBX
CCP
JBX
OM
CP
JBX
OM
CP
JBX
SSW
JBX
SSW
t ATCA shelf physical and logical address.JB
XTP
JBX
TP
JBX
CCP
JBX
CCP
JBX
SSW
JBX
SSW
JBX
CCP
JBX
CCP
JBX
CCP
JBX
CCP
13 11 9 7 5 3 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Logical @
Physical slot1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
JBX
OM
CP
JBX
OM
CP F
ILLER
Front view of the ATCA shelf with a 600 TRX configuration BSC
5.2 Internal IP addresses in the A9130 BSC
Internal IP addresses in the A9130 BSC
FILLER
FILLER
FILLER
t The logical slot are written on the ATCA shelf for purpose maintenance.
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7.1 A9130 BSC configuration
Stand Alone configuration
t The BSC Evolution stand alone configuration consists of one rack dedicated for one BSC
LIU Shelf 1(BSC)
LIU Shelf 2none
ATCA Shelf 3(BSC)
Shelf 4none
PDU
Rules:A single BSC is always installed withShelf 3 dedicated to ATCA shelf, and shelf 1 dedicated to LIU shelf
BSC stand alone
t Rules are applied for shelf positions regarding to weight, security stability constraints and logistics benefit.
t As BSC stand alone, it exists also a MFS stand alone configuration which is:t Either called « MFS 9 GP stand alone » . The cabinet is composed of 1ATCA shelf 3
and one LIU (shelf 1), t Or called « MFS 21 GP stand alone ». The cabinet is composed of 2 ATCA shelves
(shelf 3 and 4) and one LIU shelf (shelf1).The whole cabinet is seen as one single network element.
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7.1 A9130 BSC configuration
Rack shared configuration
t The BSC Evolution rack shared configuration consists of one rack shared between 2 BSCs or between one MFS and one BSC.
LIU Shelf 1(BSC1)
ATCA Shelf 3(BSC1)
PDU
2 x BSC rack shared
LIU Shelf 2(BSC2)
ATCA Shelf 4(BSC2)
LIU Shelf 1(BSC)
ATCA Shelf 3(BSC)
PDU
BSC-MFS rack shared
LIU Shelf 2(MFS)
ATCA Shelf 4(MFS)
LIU Shelf 2(BSC)
ATCA Shelf 4(BSC)
PDU
BSC-MFS rack shared
ATCA Shelf 4(MFS)
LIU Shelf 1(MFS)
t Rules are applied for shelf positions regarding to weight, security stability constraints and logistics benefit.
t The « BSC rack shared» configuration which is composed of two shelves is also called a « BSC double capacity » because of two independant Network Elements.
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7.2 A9130 BSC capacity
BSC capacities in terms of boards
t The BSC capacity is defined according to the number of TRXs
200 TRX 400 TRX 600 TRX
BSC Capacity
ATCA shelf
CCP
Spare CCP
TPGSM
OMCP
SSW
LIU shelf
MUX
LIU
1 2 3
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
8 16
Equipment
B9B10
4 5
800 TRX 1000 TRX
t The quantity of TPGSM, OMCP, SSW and MUX boards have to be considered as 1 active + 1 stand-by for redundancy function in the shelf.
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7.2 A9130 BSC capacity
Capacity and dimensioning for E1 links
t The BSC Evolution is able to process up to 2600 erlangs
200 TRX 400 TRX 600 TRX
BSC Capacity
Max number of BTS
Max number of cells
Total number of E1
Number of Abis
Number of Atermux CS
Number of Erlangs
Traffic Ater PS (Mb/s) Max
255
Equipment
Number of Atermux PS
264
224
176
30
18
2600
36
255
264
128
96
20
12
1800
24
150
200
112
96
10
6
900
12
14%Abis E1s / Total E1s 20%25%
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7.2 A9130 BSC capacity
Abis and atermux allocation on LIU boards
t Abis and atermux allocation on LIU boards versus BSC capacity
200 TRXLIU 1 LIU 2 LIU 3 LIU 4 LIU 5 LIU 6 LIU 7 LIU 8 LIU 9 LIU 10 LIU 11 LIU 12 LIU 13 LIU 14 LIU 15 LIU 16
1 1 17 33 49 65 81 97 113 129 145 161 41 31 21 2 12 2 18 34 50 66 82 98 114 130 145 162 42 32 22 4 33 3 19 35 51 67 83 99 115 131 147 163 43 33 23 6 54 4 20 36 52 68 84 100 116 132 148 164 44 34 24 8 75 5 21 37 53 69 85 101 117 133 149 165 45 35 25 10 96 6 22 38 54 70 86 102 118 134 150 166 46 36 26 12 117 7 23 39 55 71 87 103 119 135 151 167 47 37 27 14 138 8 24 40 56 72 88 104 120 136 152 168 48 38 28 16 159 9 25 41 57 73 89 105 121 137 153 169 x 39 29 18 1710 10 26 42 58 74 90 106 122 138 154 170 x 40 30 20 1911 11 27 43 59 75 91 107 123 139 155 171 x 24 18 12 1112 12 28 44 60 76 92 108 124 140 156 172 x 23 17 10 913 13 29 45 61 77 93 109 125 141 157 173 28 22 16 8 714 14 30 46 62 78 94 110 126 142 158 174 27 21 15 6 515 15 31 47 63 79 95 111 127 143 159 175 26 20 14 4 316 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 25 19 13 2 1
Abis ports ( max 176)Atermux CS ( max 48)Ater mux PS ( max 28)
200 TRX400 TRX 400 TRX
600 TRX 600 TRX
200
400
400
200
Abis portsAter Ports
600 TRX = 1.33 x 448 TRX
1000 TRX = 2,21 x 448 TRX
1
96
1
96
1
176
10
6 12 18
20 30
200 TRX
400 TRX
600 TRX
Abis Abis AbisCS/PS
PS
CS/PS
PS
CS/PS
PS
Atermux Atermux Atermux
LIU 14 LIU 15 LIU 1621 2 122 4 323 6 524 8 725 10 926 12 1127 14 1328 16 1529 18 1730 20 1948 42 4147 40 3946 38 3745 36 3544 34 3343 32 31
200 TRX400 TRX
600 TRX
200
400
400
200
t LIU boards are fitted in the LIU shelf depending on the BSC configuration (Capacity + connectivity), but
t only 2 HW configurations for the LIU shelf are considered: one with 8 LIU boards, one with 16 LIU boards,
t Assignment to each LIU boards either to Abis or Ater,t On average, 1 Ater LIU board is needed for 200 TRX,t On the Ater LIU, 10 TP are “generic” (can be assigned either to PS, full CS or a
mixed of the 2), and the 6 others are dedicated to PS.
t In case of 200 TRX configuration, Alcatel decided to split the traffic up to 2 LIU boards (even if one LIU board should be efficient) in order to not impact all the traffic in case of one LIU board failure.
t The maximum of available LIU boards are used for Abis, to offer maximum flexibility to the clients.
t The port numbered 9, 10, 11 and 12 on the LIU 12 are not used.
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Annex T
CP Log mapping
t In order to allow communication between VCE of one board but also VCE located on another board it is neccessary to have a routing table which contains the address of each VCE. This routing table is located in each CMW.
t Proc_ name: is the identification of the process related to intra or inter boardcommunication, means the logical identification of a VCE.
t CP-LOG: is the logical aspect with a group of VCEs mapped.t The mapping between VCEs and CP-LOG is determined according the BSC
configuration type.t CP-HW: is the physical CP which represent CCP, OMCP or TPGSM board.t IP-@ : is the IP address of the board.
t Exercise: 3 – With the help of Annex T can you retrieve the VTCU/VDTC number managed by the CP log 3 ?
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2.10 MFS synchronization modes
Autonomous synchro.: 12 or 16 E1s per GP – No Gaps
t One shelf extensible : 12x9 =108 E1
t or 2 shelves : 12E1 x 21 GP= 252 E1 max
t
t
t
t One shelf not extensible :t 16 E1 x 8 GP= 128 E1 max
LIU 1 LIU 2 LIU 3 LIU 4 LIU 5 LIU 6 LIU 7 LIU 8 LIU 9 LIU 10 LIU 11 LIU 12 LIU 13 LIU 14 LIU 15 LIU 161 0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 2402 1 17 33 49 65 81 97 113 129 145 161 177 193 209 225 2413 2 18 34 50 66 82 98 114 130 146 162 178 194 210 226 2424 3 19 35 51 67 83 99 115 131 147 163 179 195 211 227 2435 4 20 36 52 68 84 100 116 132 148 164 180 196 212 228 2446 5 21 37 53 69 85 101 117 133 149 165 181 197 213 229 2457 6 22 38 54 70 86 102 118 134 150 166 182 198 214 230 2468 7 23 39 55 71 87 103 119 135 151 167 183 199 215 231 2479 8 24 40 56 72 88 104 120 136 152 168 184 200 216 232 24810 9 25 41 57 73 89 105 121 137 153 169 185 201 217 233 24911 10 26 42 58 74 90 106 122 138 154 170 186 202 218 234 25012 11 27 43 59 75 91 107 123 139 155 171 187 203 219 235 25113 12 28 44 60 76 92 108 124 140 156 172 188 204 220 236 25214 13 29 45 61 77 93 109 125 141 157 173 189 205 221 237 25315 14 30 46 62 78 94 110 126 142 158 174 190 206 222 238 25416 15 31 47 63 79 95 111 127 143 159 175 191 207 223 239 255
Exemples for 3 configurations for 4, 9, and 21 GPUsColors shown affectation of LIU per GPU
GPU 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21GPU 2, 6, 10, 14, 18GPU 3, 7, 11, 15, 19GPU 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
21 x GPU9 x GPU
t One Shelf Extensible / Two Shelves Configuration (Autonomous synchronization)
t The number of LIU ports (E1 links)/GP is as follows:t 12 LIU ports per GP to get maximum number of 9 GP in an MFS (one shelf)t 12 LIU ports per GP to get maximum number of 21 GP in an MFS (two shelves)
t Also called “Stand-alone (Autonomous)” configuration because no BSC presence is forecasted
t One Shelf Not Extensible Configuration (Autonomous synchronization)t The number of LIU ports (E1 links)/GP is as follows:t 16 LIU ports per GP to get maximum number of 8 active GP in a MFS with 8 GP maximumt Also called “Rack shared (Autonomous)” configuration because a BSC can be installed in the future
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2.10 MFS synchronization modes
Centralized synchro.: 12-2 or 16-2 E1s per GP : Gaps
t -17% of E1s:t One shelf extensible :10x9=90 E1
t or 2 shelves : 10 x 21 = 210 E1
t
t One shelf not extensible :t 14 E1 x 8 GP= 112 E1 max (- 12.5 %)
LIU 1 LIU 2 LIU 3 LIU 4 LIU 5 LIU 6 LIU 7 LIU 8 LIU 9 LIU 10 LIU 11 LIU 12 LIU 13 LIU 14 LIU 15 LIU 161 0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 2402 1 17 33 49 65 81 97 113 129 145 161 177 193 209 225 2413 2 18 34 50 66 82 98 114 130 146 162 178 194 210 226 2424 3 19 35 51 67 83 99 115 131 147 163 179 195 211 227 2435 4 20 36 52 68 84 100 116 132 148 164 180 196 212 228 2446 5 21 37 53 69 85 101 117 133 149 165 181 197 213 229 2457 6 22 38 54 70 86 102 118 134 150 166 182 198 214 230 2468 7 23 39 55 71 87 103 119 135 151 167 183 199 215 231 2479 8 24 40 56 72 88 104 120 136 152 168 184 200 216 232 248
10 9 25 41 57 73 89 105 121 137 153 169 185 201 217 233 24911 10 26 42 58 74 90 106 122 138 154 170 186 202 218 234 25012 11 27 43 59 75 91 107 123 139 155 171 187 203 219 235 25113 12 28 44 60 76 92 108 124 140 156 172 188 204 220 236 25214 13 29 45 61 77 93 109 125 141 157 173 189 205 221 237 25315 14 30 46 62 78 94 110 126 142 158 174 190 206 222 238 25416 15 31 47 63 79 95 111 127 143 159 175 191 207 223 239 255
Exemples for 3 configurations for 4, 9, and 21 GPUsColors shown affectation of LIU per GPU
GPU 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21GPU 2, 6, 10, 14, 18GPU 3, 7, 11, 15, 19GPU 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
21 x GPU9 x GPU
•Gaps are mandatory for clock propagation
•Gaps are mandatory for clock propagation
t One Shelf Extensible / Two Shelves Configuration (Centralized synchronization)
t The number of LIU ports (E1 links)/GP is as follows:t 10 LIU ports per GP to get maximum number of 9 GP in an MFS (one shelf)t 10 LIU ports per GP to get maximum number of 21 GP in a MFS (two shelves)
t Also called “Stand-alone (Centralized)” configuration because no BSC presence is forecasted
t One Shelf Not Extensible Configuration (Centralized synchronization)t The number of LIU ports (E1 links)/GP is as follows:t 14 LIU ports per GP to get maximum number of 8 active GP in a MFS with 8 GP maximumt Also called “Rack shared (Centralized)” configuration because a BSC can be installed in the future
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t MFS Evolution Capacity and performances
(*) 2 E1 are reserved for the GP synchronisation in case of centralized mode
Nota : from 9 GP in MFS Evolution, only 12 E1 is applicable on B8 MR6/7 and B9 MR1 ed6 , GP board (A9130 MFS Evolution) capacity is equal to the GPU board on MFS A9135 (legacy).
t Increase of capacity compared to the legacy is available with B9 MR4
A9130 MFS EvolutionEvolution & Introduction
reminder
Max number of PDCH per GP (A9130)B8 / B9 MR1 ED6
GP configuration max nbr PDCH (*) 12 E1(*)/board 16 E1(*)/boardGPRS CS2 240 960 960
CS3 220 864 892CS4 204 660 804
EGPRS MCS1 232 856 856MCS2 228 836 836MCS3 212 796 796MCS4 200 720 772MCS5 180 584 704MCS6 172 460 660MCS7 140 312 448MCS8 116 264 380MCS9 108 244 348
B9 MR4
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6. BSS Interfaces
Abis Interfacet Submultiplexing OML and RSL:t The OML can be mapped on a 64 Kbit/s Time Slot:
t There are four Signaling Link Multiplexing rules options :n No RSL multiplexing : the RSL is mapped on a 64 Kbit/s Time slot.
n Static RSL multiplexing : 1 RSL is mapped on a nibble (a quarter of Time Slot) at 16 Kbit/s
n Statistical RSL multiplexing at 64 Kb/s: 1 OML and up to 4 RSL share the same physical channel at 64 Kbit/s
n Statistical RSL multiplexing at 16 Kb/s : 1 OML and 1 RSL share the same physical channel at 16 Kbit/s
t The signalling submultiplexing offers improvement in terms of required PCM time slots on the A-bis interface. This leads to substantial savings in terms of A-bisinterface trunks.
t Hardware support :Alcatel 9120 BSC (G2), Alcatel 9100 BTS, Alcatel 9110 BTS, Alcatel 9110-E BTS
t Remarks: t For an Evolium BTS, transmission configuratoion must be done via OML. The
Evolium BTS retrieves autonomously its OML location by scanning the 31 TSs of the PCM link.
t The static RSL multiplexing is not compatible with Half Rate configurations (RSL capacity)
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t SDCCH congestion measurement:
t L1.18 Type 7 : LapD measurements Counter Name : TIME_LAPD_CONG
t “110 counters” only measure SDCCH congestion without being able to correlate it with LapD/RSL congestion.
Nota: 16 TRE in a concentric cell on 1 Abis, RSL MUX scheme = 16k statistic, high risk of SDCCH congestion + impossibility to perform HR
Increase of capacity but SDCCH throughput reduced from 64k to 16k
SDCCH and Lapd/RSL congestion
Info
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Capacity ModeOverview
n 1 TWIN module = 2 functional TRX = 16 radio timeslotsn The 2 TRX can belong to different sectors
(Twin TRX sharing).n 4 RX diversity not possible (only 2 RX div)n Up to 24 TRX in MBI5/MBO2 cabinets
Tx : GSM 900 : 45 W GMSK / 30 W 8PSK = TRAGHEGSM 1800 : 35 W GMSK / 30 W 8PSK = TRADE
Rx : Sensitivity : -114.5 to – 117 dBm (*) (2 RX div)(*) environment dependent
Tx : GSM 900 : 45 W GMSK / 30 W 8PSK = TRAGHEGSM 1800 : 35 W GMSK / 30 W 8PSK = TRADE
Rx : Sensitivity : -114.5 to – 117 dBm (*) (2 RX div)(*) environment dependent
TRX1
TRX2
Reduced power consumptionSaving per TRX:-17% in GSM900-35% in DCS1800
Reduced power consumptionSaving per TRX:-17% in GSM900-35% in DCS1800
t TWIN in capacity mode is equivalent to two MP TRXs with 2Rx div
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Rx : Equ. sensitivity = -117.4 to - 121 dBm (*) (4RX div)
(*) environment dependent
Rx : Equ. sensitivity = -117.4 to - 121 dBm (*) (4RX div)
(*) environment dependent
n 1 TWIN module = 1 functional TRX = 8 radio TSn 2 RX & 4 RX diversity possiblen TX diversity used (à very high coverage)n Gain in sites numbers (less sites needed)n This mode is also called TX div moden Up to 12 TWIN TRM in MBI5/MBO2 cabinets
Tx : GSM 900 : 113 to 175 W (*) GMSKGSM 1800 : 88 to 136 W (*) GMSK
Tx : GSM 900 : 113 to 175 W (*) GMSKGSM 1800 : 88 to 136 W (*) GMSK
Higher Output Power
Higher Sensitivity
Coverage ModePrinciple
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Coverage ModeTransmit Diversity (TxDiv)
t Tx Diversityn Same signal is transmitted over 2 antennas
with a given time difference
n Gain in downlink:– Dense Urban: 5.9dB,– Sub Urban: 4.6dB,– Rural: 4dB
n Equivalent to:– 900MHz: 113W to 175W– 1800MHz: 88W to 136W
TX1 TX2
Antenna Network
Twin TRX
Downlink: Tx Div
Antenna Network
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Coverage Mode 4-way Receive Diversity
t 4 Rx diversityn Received signal from 4 different antennas
is combined in the TWIN module
n Gain in uplink vs. 2RxDiv:– Dense Urban: 4dB,– Sub Urban: 3.6dB,– Rural: 2.9dB
2 Antenna Networks are required in each sectorANB or ANC or GANB or GANC
Uplink: 4Rx Div
RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4
Twin TRX
Antenna Network
Antenna Network
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Enhanced FlexibilityUnbalanced configurations
t Example of Unbalanced Configurationn 2 TRX MP (45W) + 1 Twin TRX TxDiv and 4RxDiv
n Sub-urban environment
MP
Unbalanced Config.
TxDiv
MP TxDiv+4RxDiv
4.08 Km5.16 Km
AGC AGC
TRX
MP
TRX
MPTxDiv:•129W•-119.6dBm
MP:•45W•-116dBm
TRX
TRX
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2.4 Operator Commands Commands Impact
2 SELF-TESTS
4 SOFTWARE START-UP
5 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
6 CONFIGURATION DOWNLOADING /DATA BASE SYNCHRONISATION
7 FUNCTION START-UP
INIT
RESTART
RESET
DISABLE
3 SOFTWARE DOWNLOADING
1 BOOTSTRAP
IT
MSD
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MxBSC Detailed impacts SBL hierarchy
ECU
TCU
SSW-HW*
BTS-Tel
BTS-OM
*
* BSS-Tel
CP-LOG*
ACH
ATR
N7* RSL OML*
DTC *
*
* CPR TSC*
CP-HW*
ETU
*
GSL
TR-OM
TP-HW*
SMM
BSC
*
SBL are hierarchically associated in a farther/child relationship (see §6.1)
*FAN* PEM* *BSC-ENV
BTS-POOL**
SMM: Shelf ManagerFAN: FAN tray
PEM: LIU or ATCA PEMBSC-ENV: Personality Card
SMM: Shelf ManagerFAN: FAN tray
PEM: LIU or ATCA PEMBSC-ENV: Personality Card
ETU: LIU boardSSW-HW: Switch ATCA
ECU: MUX board
ETU: LIU boardSSW-HW: Switch ATCA
ECU: MUX boardNo more X25, DISC, RS232,
BC-SYS-BUS and BC-RACK-BUSNo more X25, DISC, RS232,
BC-SYS-BUS and BC-RACK-BUS
CP-HW: OMCP and CCP boardTP-HW: TPGSM board
CP-HW: OMCP and CCP boardTP-HW: TPGSM board
CP-LOG: Set of VCE that aremapped on a CP-HW
CP-LOG: Set of VCE that aremapped on a CP-HW
No more BATTERY, CONV, SWITCH, CLK-GEN
and CLK-REP
No more BATTERY, CONV, SWITCH, CLK-GEN
and CLK-REP
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