Download - Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
1/13
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative PronounsThey do two jobs at once. They are used
as the subjects or objects of verbs, like
other pronouns; at the same time, theyjoin clauses together, like conjunctions.
Whats the name of the blonde girl? She justcame in.
Whats the name of the blonde girl who just
came in?
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
2/13
RELATIVE CLAUSES
The most common relative pronouns arewho, which, whom and that. Who and
whom are used for people; which is used
for things.Whom, (MUST be used after
prepositions) which refers to the object of
a verb or a preposition, is quite formal,not usually found in defining relative
clauses and much more common in non-
defining relative clauses.
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
3/13
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Thatcan very often be used instead ofthe other relative pronouns. In fact, it is
often used (preferred) after quantities
like: all, every(thing), some(thing),any(thing), no(thing), none, little, few,
much, and only. Also, used after
superlatives. Theres nothing that can be done.
Is this all thats left? (More natural than Is this
all which is left?)
Shes the kindest woman that I have ever met.
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
4/13
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Defining Relative Clauses: They identify theperson or thing which we are talking about.
The information they provide could not easily
be left out. Is that the woman who wants to buy your car?Non-defining Relative Clauses: They give
useful additional information, but they do not
identify the noun they qualify. They couldeasily be left out. They are seldom found in
speech. Ive just seen Thomas, who wants to buy your
car.
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
5/13
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
6/13
The man who / that told me this
refused to give me his name.
The man (who / that) I bought it from
told me that it is one of 1000
exclusive cars. This is the picture which / that caused
such a sensation.
The car (which / that) I hired brokedown.
My neighbour, who is very
pessimistic, says there will be no
RELATIVE CLAUSESEXAMPLES (1/2)
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
7/13
She wanted Tom, whom / who she
liked as a partner.
That block, which cost five million
pounds to build, has been empty for
years.
These books, which you can get at any
bookshop, will give you all the
information you need.
Sherwood Forest, through which well
be drivin isnt a forest an lon er.
RELATIVE CLAUSESEXAMPLES (2/2)
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
8/13
WHAT (the thing(s) that)
I gave her the money (which / that) she
needed.
I gave her just what she wanted.
WHOSE. This is a possessive relative word. It can
refer to people or things, although of which can be
used, and is sometimes preferred, for things. It is
useful to remember that whose cannot be omittedin a defining relative clause.
This is Henry, whose wife works for my brother-
in-law.
It was a meeting whose importance / the
RELATIVE CLAUSES
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
9/13
WHEN,WHERE, WHY (relative adverbs) 1/4
After nouns referring to times and places,
when and where can be used to mean at
which or in which. After the wordreason, whyis used to mean for which. The exam will be on Tuesday, when you
said would be better This hotel, where I first met her, is my
favourite.
Is there any reason why you should have
a holiday?
RELATIVE CLAUSES
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
10/13
WHEN,WHERE, WHY (relative adverbs) 2/4
When is often replaced by thator even
dropped after common nouns referringto time (time, day, month, year) in an
informal style.
Can you suggest a time (when
/that)it will be convenient to meet?
Ill never forget the day (when / that)
we met.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
11/13
WHEN,WHERE, WHY (relative adverbs) 3/4
The same thing happens to where
after somewhere, anywhere,everywhere, nowhere and place, but
not after other words.
Have you got somewhere (that) Ican lie down for an hour?
We need a place (that) we can stay
for a few days.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
12/13
WHEN,WHERE, WHY (relative adverbs) 4/4
The same thing happens with why
afterreason. The reason (that) youre so bad
tempered is that youre hungry.
Afterway, in which can be replaced by
thator dropped in an informal way.
I didnt like the way (that) she spoke
to me.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
-
8/7/2019 Bridges2 Unit05 CW Relative Clauses 1 0 11
13/13
WH
ICH
referring to a whole clause (Sentence
Relative)
The relative clause does not make reference to
the noun before it, but to the whole of the previous
clause: He showed me a photo that upset me. (defining
relative clause)
He got married again a year later, which
surprised everybody. He showed me a photo, which upset me.
(sentence relative)
She cycled from London to Glasgow, which is
pretty good for a woman of 75. (sentencerelative
RELATIVE CLAUSES