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Polytechnic University of the PhilippinesCollege of Arts
Department of SociologySta. Mesa, Manila
A Community Study of Brgy. Gulod, Talim Island, Binangonan, Rizal.
April 28-May 24, 2008
Conducted by the PUP-BS Sociology 3-1 -CO 2008 Gulod and Kaytome TeamOn their summer course Community Organizing (CO/SO370) SY: 2008
Gulod Team
Abletis, John N.
Adraque, Joann C.
Aglipay, Kathleen Cara A.
Alonzo, Carel Joyce E.
Gitano, Meann C.
Go, Kathlene Rea S.
Presented to the class of
Prof. Roseller LucianoCO 2008 Adviser and Faculty
Department of Sociology
This 4th week of June, 1st semester of SY 2008-2009
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Sa inyong lahat, maraming-maraming SALAMAT PO!!!
Our deepest gratitude should be known to those people who helped us in conducting this one month research and immersion activity at Brgy. Gulod, Talim
Island, Binangonan, Rizal.
To our parents who have financed our one month immersion activity and have offered their love, care and trust while we were in the field.
To the PUP Department of Sociology (Chair Emanuel De Guzman and the faculty) for allowing the BS Sociology 3-1 class to conduct their summer course
immersion/organizing activity in the Province of Rizal.
To the Provincial Government of Rizal, especially to Gov. Casimiro Ynares and to the Municipality Government of Binangonan, especially to Mayor Cecilio Ynares, for allowing us to conduct our one month immersion and research
activity within their jurisdiction. Such gratitude is being extended for their warm welcome to us, the PUP CO 2008 Gulod and Kaytome Team on a socialization
event at the Brgy. Gulod’s Covered Court.
To the Barangay Government of Gulod and Kaytome, Talim Island, Binangonan, Rizal, especially to Brgy. Captain Jesus “Kapitan Jess” Añis and Brgy. Captain
Florencio “Kapitan Tugs” Dominguez for giving us the warmest welcome that they could ever give, as well us for providing us the local documents we needed
for the completion of this study.
To Kuya Alvin (Alvin Dominguez) who helped us in working out our legal documents to the local government officials. He was also the one who introduced
us to KG6 and helped us during our ocular visits in the place.
To the elders (pamunuan) of the KG6 band (Kaytome-Gulod 2006 Youth Band Inc.), especially to Tito Emiliano “Kuya Emil” Dominguez who personally
accepted us despite his tight schedule. Kuya Emil, Salamat po ng marami!
To Mr. Loreto “Pangs” Rivera, president of the KG6 band who accommodated our one month stay in his two houses at the two barangays. He acted as our
father while in the conduct of this month long activity. Marami pong salamat sa pagtanggap amin.
To Kuya Froylan and Ate Liza who showed us the process of making charcoal. To Kuya Philemon sa mga kwento at turo tungkol sa paghahalaman. Kay Ate
Elvie (Kapitana), Kuya Reymunto, Nanay Ave, at Tatay Ingo sa pagsama sa’min sa maisan. To KC and Jhed sa pakikisama at pakikipagkaibigan.
To the facilitators of our 3 day seminar-workshop within the two barangays. Fritz, Jr, (etong dalawang eto ang tour guide namin sa Mt. Tagapo) Rr, Melvin, SK
Chair Jason, and Ricky. Salamat sa inyo! Salamat din sa pakikisama!
To the 1st and 2nd batches of KG6 youth band, Salamat kasi kinaibigan nyo kami at tinanggap nyo kami sa paraang kaming-kami.
And to whom should I give the greatest thanks of all? Syempre to God, he is the one who provided us all of what we now, and what we have accomplished during
our stay in Talim. Karapat-dapat nga siyang purihin.
Acknowledgement
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Introduction
Sociology is the study of society, its processes, interactions, and
dynamics, its development, characteristics, distinctions, problems, and
possible solutions for the alleviation of some of the social problems that
mankind are presently (and continuously) facing. Such complex
undertaking and view about society is also being shared by other fields of
Social Science (e.g. Political Science, Economics, Anthropology, History,
etc.). However, such fields of inquiries view society in its respective
specific scope of focus (ex. Pol. Sci for political aspect), what makes
Sociology different from its brother sciences is that it views society both in
its specific aspects and at its entirety. A holistic approach is what
Sociology can promise to provide, analyzing the impact of modernity on
the lives of people, considering it as crucial in the dynamics of the
processes and interactions within society. Sociology was created, and is
continuously being created, with that hope that it could provide us a better
understanding of what is happening on us within a collectivity (family,
friends, community, etc.) and how such understanding could help us face
the future more confidently. As what a prominent Sociologist said “Ang
agham na galing sa tao at para sa tao.”
Certain educational institutions (universities) within the country offer
baccalaureate degrees in Sociology. They offer students with the program
AB Sociology (Bachelor of Arts in--), a program with a curriculum that is
especially designed for the pursuance of a masteral degree in Sociology.
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These Sociology programs are adherent to the theoretical aspect of
Sociology. BS Sociology programs (Bachelor of Science in--), on the other
hand, focused on the Sociology’s applied nature (Applied Sociology), and
is more close to the field of Social work.
The Polytechnic University of the Philippines is the only educational
institution in the country offering the BS Sociology program. Its intent is to
focus more on the application of Sociological concepts in the lives of the
people. The PUP Sociology curriculum is the only Sociology curriculum
offering undergraduate courses Community Development (SO 360) and
Community Organizing (SO370), both are intended to gather data from
communities (i.e. data about its way of life, political, economic,
demographic, and social characteristics) and to practice students to
become effective community researchers and organizers. Also, those
courses have been included in the PUP-Sociology curriculum because the
faculty of the PUP-Department of Sociology noticed that after graduation,
much of its graduates enter the field of community organizing. The two
subjects (courses) made the PUP-Sociology Program distinct from other
Sociology programs of other universities in the Philippines.
How do we get in Gulod?
It all started at the PUP Chapel last March (2008) when the junior
students SY 2007-2008 gave their best performance in a theatrical play in
their subject World Literature. After the play, majority of the regular junior
students formed a group, this group would be their group for their
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Community Organizing in the approaching summer season (this would be
the group, our classmates, in Janosa), while the Animal kingdom (a clique
composed of seven friends) disbanded on its own. The new group was
composed of Carel, Kathlene, Cara, and Meann. With the fear of being left
alone, another group merged with them, composed of John, Pec, Joann,
Lloyd, and Michael, followed by another small group composed of Joyce,
Spud, Kresta, and Larraine. These thirteen junior students would be the
ones composing the PUP-CO 2008 Kaytome and Gulod Team. The
original plan was to conduct that one month activity on a barrio at
Batangas, but because of a declaration (a memorandum) coming from the
university president prohibiting the conduct of CO outside Metro Manila,
the plan changed. The students really wanted to conduct their CO in a
province, so the department allowed the memorandum to be extended to
Metro Rizal. Carel’s family has a family friend in Brgy. Kaytome, the
Dominguez clan, according to her such family tie up originated since time
immemorial (sabi niya kasi mga lola pa raw niya ang nakakaalam nun). In
conducting CO, one requirement is for the students to look for NGOs
within their chosen places. These NGOs will be held responsible in
securing the students daily activities, especially in organizing. Kuya Alvin,
our mediator and one of Carel’s family friends, offered KG6. KG6 is a
band dedicated to the training of youth musicians imbued with the spirit of
self-helped development, self-determination and self-discipline. KG6 has
two based barangays, Brgy.s Kaytome and Gulod, so before going to
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Talim, the team decided to divide their group into two, one for Kaytome
and one for Gulod. With the supervision of KG6 as our host organization,
John, Joan, Carel, Cara, Mean, Kathlene, and Spud were assigned to
conduct our study at Brgy. Gulod, Talim Island, Municipality of
Binangonan, of the Province of Rizal.
The Importance of a Community Study/Research
Aside from its academic importance for schools, colleges, and
universities (considering the fact that universities have the primary
function of providing and creating knowledge, not just only transmitters of
it) a Community Study/Research when done by a professional or highly
trusted research firm, has its practical purpose, specially needed and used
by Government agencies when legislating laws and implementing policies
for the people. In short, in its ideal state, laws and policies are based on
researches. Researches are also used as sources of information stored in
international or local data banks; such researches are for future
references for other researchers. This Community Study/Research about
Brgy. Gulod is not intended for such purpose, since this is only a
requirement for a CO summer course, further more, the students who
conducted this research were only trainees and not professionals,
however, it is of great gratitude on the part of the researchers if there are
any valuable information that could be generated from this research which
could be used as bases for laws and policies for the improvement of the
living conditions of the people at Brgy. Gulod.
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The researchers hope that future researchers, or any of the
common people who would turn the pages of this research paper on,
could obtain any valuable information from this humble contribution.
Setting of the Study and Research Design
The study was conducted at Barangay Gulod, Talim Island,
Municipality of Binangonan, Province of Rizal, Region IV-A, Luzon,
Philippines, from April 28- May 24, 2008. The study was conducted by the
PUP-BS Sociology junior students CO 2008 Kaytome and Gulod Team
while in the conduct of their summer course Community Organizing
(CO/SO 370).
The entire research would be a mixture of descriptive survey
research (focusing on the “what is” basis) and ethnographic research
(done on an extended period of time, researchers lived in the community).
These two types of research have two different types of research designs,
the quantitative for the descriptive research which would be using the
structured interviews as its data-gathering tool, and the qualitative for the
ethnographic research which would be using the participant and overt
observations, unstructured interviews, and local document gathering as its
data gathering techniques.
The study is a brief ethnographic research in nature since the
researchers stay in the place for only a month. Being ethnographic in
nature means the collection of data on a wide array of variables regarding
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life within the community. Thus, the researchers have used more than one
data gathering technique (observation-participant and overt, structured
and unstructured interviews, local document gathering) in order to
maximize data gathering during their one month stay. The structured
interview (as a primary tool in gathering data) itself was done only on the
third week of the immersion activity, that is, from May 12-16, 2008.
However, the other data gathering techniques (observation, unstructured
interviews, and local document gathering) were done throughout the
researchers’ one month immersion activity. Therefore, the whole
community study was done on a one month basis, that is, from April 28 –
May 24, 2008.
Scope, Delimitation and Sampling of the Study
The research and its content would be limited only to Barangay
Gulod, Talim Island, Binangonan, Rizal, with a research time frame of one
month (from April 28-May 24, 2008). Thus, because of the research’s
limitation on the geographical aspect, the conditions and problems stated
in this research may or may not be applicable to other barangays in Talim
Island, or any other communities within the Philippines.
The research has only 69 total number of respondents interviewed
at the different places within Barangay Gulod. The sample population
constituted about 4.55% out of the 1,515 total number of residents (as of
2006) of Barangay Gulod, however, if the number of households were
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under consideration, the sampling percentage will rise to 25.56% (69 total
number of respondents / 270 number of households as of 2006 x 100).
The respondents were chosen via quota sampling in the sense that each
of the 7 researchers has had 10 maximum questionnaires to be answered
by their first 10 immediately seen possible respondents. In a sense, some
of the respondents were chosen via convenient sampling method since
some of the researchers have interviewed respondents that were
bystanders at that time-period (this was because some of the researchers
perceived that it would be too shameful on their part to disturb someone
who was doing something and then would just stop to entertain the
interviewers).
Financial, time, professional training and man power constraints
were the primary reasons as to why the interviews were done on a limited
basis. The researchers experienced financial constraints since they were
only students who were dependent to limited allowances from their
parents. They also experienced time constraint because there were other
sets of planned activities in the community other than the research itself,
making the researchers attention on the research nature of the immersion
more focused on the third week rather than on the first two weeks of the
immersion. Constraint on professional training was experienced because
the students lack the skills, experiences, and knowledge in conducting
high quality community studies as done by professional sociologists. Man
Power constraint was also experienced in the sense that interviewing
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people was really exhausting, that researchers also have to work out their
daily house chores thus consuming their energies, and by considering the
fact that there were only seven researchers in Brgy. Gulod. Establishing
rapport and developing good interpersonal skills also faced big challenges
to the researchers. These were the reasons as to why the researchers
were not able to bring their interviews on a large scale basis.
Sources of Information
This research made use of primary and secondary sources of data.
In this research, primary data includes first hand information generated
through the researchers’ use of interview guides (questionnaires). This
interview guides were formulated with reference to previous
questionnaires used by professional sociologists in conducting surveys in
communities, previous questionnaires used by previous batches of PUP-
CO students, and the previous questionnaires used by the researchers
themselves in their CD. Primary data also includes experiences and
reflections, bits of information that were thoroughly reported with the use
of personal journals/diaries of the researchers. The interview part
discussed earlier is a type of structured interview; however, through
frequent interaction with the community folks, the researchers also made
use of unstructured interviews, information generated on such type of
data-gathering technique were included in the diary (in this research,
unstructured interviews refer to “pakikipagkwentuhan”,
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“pakikipagtsismisan”, and “pakikipagusap.” Also included in the diary were
observations that were participatory and overt.
Secondary sources of data include those that were already printed
out and used elsewhere, but were found to be useful for the present study.
In this research, the Brgy. Report of 2007 and some of the files from the
Brgy. Computer fell into such category.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The research contains data that were expressed in numerical forms
(quantitative in nature). These data were sourced out through tabulation of
responses from questionnaires used in the structured interview. After
tabulation, the researchers computed for the percentages of frequencies
in each item (inquiry under consideration). The highest percentage,
interpreted as the voice of the majority, is the answer to the inquiry.
The researchers used the percentage formula stated below.
The study used descriptive statistics (as shown above, the
percentage formula) to precisely describe attributes pertaining to the
variables involved in each inquiry. Descriptive statistics is used to describe
the present condition of a variable when numerical data are present.
fn= 100
Wherein:P- percentagef- frequency/number of responsesn- total number of respondents
xP
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Description of the Respondents
The 69 respondents (4.55% of the total Brgy. Gulod population or
25.56% out of the 270 number of households as of 2006) were residents
of Barangay Gulod. During the conduct of the interview, a representation
of 1 respondent in each household was done. Majority of the respondents
were mothers, however the research was not specifically limited for them
since some respondents were fathers or any elderly member of each of
the households. Majority of the respondents were natives of Brgy. Gulod.
Their ages range from 22 to 77, majority of them have 2-4 number of
siblings, were Roman Catholics (97.10%), were high school graduates
(27.54%), were literate (i.e. able to read and write), have blue collar jobs (
%), and were minimum wage earners (P constituting % of the 69 total
number of respondents).
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A
Community Study
of
Barangay Gulod
(In a brief ethnographic sense)
PART 1
Methodology: Overt and Participatory Observations,
Unstructured Interviews as recorded in diaries,
and Local Document gathering
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I. Community Identification and Overview
A. Historical Background of the Place
Decades ago, Barangay Janosa (a neighboring barangay of the
present day Brgy. Gulod) has a very spacious land area, thus, making it
as the largest barangay in the island of Talim (Isla de Talim) at that time.
On those beginning years, the large barangay has two sitios, Sitio
Kaytome and Sitio Harimonas. Sitio Kaytome was abundant of plains
majority of which served as rice paddies, while Sitio Harimonas have
mountainous terrain. The flora of the place was mostly bamboo trees and
fruit bearing trees. Houses were few, made of nipa (kubo), and had great
distances apart from each other. Sitio Harimonas was truly rural at that
time, with simple and quite life; people could enjoy its peaceful ambience.
Because of its touristic scenes, rich natural resources, and natural beauty,
some people immigrated to live there. Such immigration (increase in
population) made Harimonas a fast growing sitio, making it to the point
that the convention of teñente del barrios at that time had to agree to the
declaration of its independence from Barrio Janosa, thus, making it as a
separate barrio (Barrio Harimonas). The legality of such independence
was stated in R.A. 3590 of _________.
The youths, on the other hand, frequently conduct picnics on its
hilly terrain, “Gulod” (meaning high place). Such naming became popular
to the people as it adequately describes the place. Because of these
youths, the name of the place was conventionally changed into Barrio
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Gulod. Also, because of the name “Gulod”, the first basketball team of the
barrio was named “D’ HILLTOPPERS.”
B. Geographical Features, Land Marks, and Land Area
Brgy. Gulod is a coastal barangay that is located at the center of Talim
Island (Binangonan Side), Municipality of Binangonan, Province of Rizal,
Region IV-A. It is ±12kms apart from Binangonan proper (mainland). The
neighboring places which would help in the identification of Brgy. Gulod
are the following:
North side – Brgy. Kaytome
South side – Brgy. Sapang
East side – Mt. Tagapo (Susong Dalaga)
West side – Laguna de Bay.
Brgy. Gulod has a total land area of 70, 853 hectares,
of which 45% is residential, 20% is agricultural, 15% is
commercial, and 20% is used for other purposes.
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Brgy. Gulod and Brgy. Kaytome has a post land mark near the
Kaytome-Gulod Elementary School which separates the two barangay.
Although Brgy. Gulod is mostly composed of hilly terrain; there is a long
track of land which has the plain features (kapatagan), the parang and the
libis. The Parang is a grassy land near the lake, while libis is a plain
located on the boundary of Brgy. Gulod and Kaytome. Both of the two
plains were former rice paddies that were converted, through time, into
residential lands.
Land Marks (infrastructures and scenes within Brgy. Gulod)
Parang
Libis
Hilly part of Gulod Aerial view of Gulod shot from the peak of Mt. TagapoOld Barangay hall Open court
GULOD WATERWORKS & SEWERAGE SYSTEM (GWSS)
(GWWSS)SMART cell site
Jehovah’s witnesses kingdom hallBrgy. Gulods new brgy. hall
Brgy. Library and daycareYnares Multi-purpose Covered Court
Municipality AnnexOld light house (Parola)
Kaytome-Gulod Elementary School
A B
C D
E F
G HI J
K LM
Pritil (port) of GulodPritil (port) of Gulod where fishes are brought down for selling and purchase
N
O P
QO
Mt. Tagapo (Susong Dalaga)
Welcome to Gulod post
Gulod Dumpsite
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The Parang shared by Gulod &Kaytome
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Map of Brgy. Gulod (with the land marks included)
K
AB
D
I
ML
C
F GE
J
O
P
N
Q
H
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Because Brgy. Gulod is a coastal Barangay, it is only accessible
through water transportation via passenger boats when coming from
Binangonan mainland. When coming from nearby barangays, walking
would be the most practical way of transportation but one could wish to
ride a tricycle if he/she considers the distance as greater than what he/she
could walk.
The road system of Brgy. Gulod is poor. There are many road
cracks and bumps along the way (on the national road). Transportation
within Barangay Gulod is through walking, while there are tricycle services
when going to nearby barangays. Most of the streets (on the inner part of
the barangay) are well cemented however, are passable only by two to
three persons side by side, and are poorly lighted at night.
Brgy. Gulod has the service of MERALCO in its electric needs,
however, when strong winds came (as it frequently visits the area at noon
when rainy season comes, they call it “unos”) power disruption would be
the most common scenario.
Brgy. Gulod is the only barangay in Talim which has water lines. A
water system operated by the barangay, GWSS (Gulod Waterworks and
Sewerage System) is a deep-well water system that caters most of the
water needs of the Gulod households, operated via electricity, this water
service used water tanks for water storage and steel-water pipes for water
delivery. This water service is necessary in a sense since installing a well
or a “poso” in Gulod’s hilly terrain would be impractical and inconvenient to
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use, however there are existing and functioning posos within Brgy. Gulod.
These posos are convenient to use when one has no water line, or when
power disruption happens. During the researchers’ stay in the place, there
was a rumor that GWSS would be privatized, and that the management of
it would be catered by a cooperative. The reason behind this was because
the barangay found it difficult to collect water-service-fee from the
households, hearing people saying “sa barangay naman ‘yan eh.”
Brgy. Gulod has no land lines, however, people within it were
accessible via personal cellular phones. There is a cell site of the SMART
telecom. within the barangay. The other cell site is at Brgy. Kaytome
(GLOBE telecom.) The barangay has a two way radio system for
administrative and emergency purposes. During the researchers’ stay
within the place, there was no internet shop within the area, the nearest
internet shop is in Brgy. Janosa.
Brgy. Gulod has no church on its own, neither a chapel. What the
researchers found out was a track of land reserved for a chapel if it be
constructed in the future. Financial constraint has been the primary reason
as to why Gulod has no chapel on its own. The nearest parochial service
and church is St. Dominic’s Parish, a Roman Catholic church in Brgy.
Janosa. Also Brgy. Gulod has no Cemetery on its own, however, the
largest cemetery in the Island is at Brgy. Kaytome, the nearest barangay
to Gulod (in fact, as what Kapitan Florencio said [brgy captain of
Kaytome], Gulod and Kaytome have been sister barangays since the
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beginning). Brgy. Gulod also has no burial parlor/services on its own, the
nearest would be that in Brgy. Buhangin.
Brgy. Gulod has a multi-purpose covered court, just like the other
barangays in the Island (Binangonan side) constructed under the
administration of Gov. Casimiro Ynares. It also has a newly constructed
Brgy Hall for administrative purposes and a Day care center/Library for
children and students.
Brgy. Gulod has three wharfs (ports), one was designed as
“bagsakan” (market) for whole sale and retail fishes, another one was
located near the Rehabilitation Center, and the last was designed for
passengers and traders of bamboo crafts and other products. Although
Brgy. Gulod has three wharfs on its own; many “Gulodians” go to Kaytome
to have their boat trip to Binangonan mainland.
Brgy. Gulod has an old light house (parola) near the Annex but it is
nonoperational. It only serves as a land mark for Gulod and a watch tower
when boat racing contests during fiestas are happening.
Brgy. Gulod has the Municipal Annex of the Island. On its ideal
state, it is aspired to be the extension of the Municipal Hall of Binangonan
mainland; it should function parallel to the municipal hall of the mainland
so that it could serve the people of Talim in the most convenient possible
way (meaning, it would not be necessary for people to cross the lake just
to work-out their papers and documents). However, in the present times,
what it only cares are matters concerning land property and taxes.
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Brgy. Gulod, just like other barangays in the Island of Talim, has no
hospital on its own. There is, one structure however, which functions
“rarely” as a health center, the Rehabilitation Center located near the
Municipal Annex building. The original plan was to make it as a
rehabilitation center for drug addicts coming from the mainland, however
through collective action as initiated by the church people, the original plan
was obstructed. Several reasons from the people made their view points
stand against the will of the local government, in an unstructured interview
with some of the residents of Gulod, they would say “pa’no pag makatakas
yung mga ikukulong dyan, eh di kami rin ang kawawa”, and “pa’no yung
security namin? Baka dumami pa yung mga addict dito.” As of now, the
Rehabilitation center functions as a temporary health center venue for
medical missions which “occasionally” visit the area. Such setting burdens
the people since they have to cross the lake just to have better
(professional) health-care services. Suggestions from the people would
say that this idle rehabilitation center should be converted into a hospital
with stay-in doctors and nurses, if that happens, such structure would be
the first and only hospital in the Island of Talim, unfortunately, the official
“Hospital of Talim Island” is situated near the Pritil of Binangonan
mainland.
Climate
The province of Rizal where Talim Island is situated has the Type
III climate (Agote et. Al., 2007: pg.18) wherein the climate is not very
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pronounced. It is dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the
year.
Hydrological Features
Brgy. Gulod has no rivers however; there are reported streams on
the mountainous parts when rainy season comes. The only large body of
water evidently near Brgy. Gulod is the Laguna de Bay. Parts of it near the
shoreline are considered as shallow, as compared to the part that
fishermen call as “laot.” During summer (one of which was the time when
the researchers were in the place), the water level is low as it would
subside to about 1-2 meters below (researchers’ approximation as evident
on the rocks with different lining colors near the coasts). One indication
that the water level is low is that the Pritil of Kaytome is long (most of its
edges are untouched by water), and the “Parang” or field near the coast is
visible (according to the people, the “parang” will be submerged beneath
the lake waters when the water level is high, that is, during rainy season).
The water of the Lake is color brown near the shore since it is
basically a mixture of soil particles and fresh water. However, the water in
the lake is somewhat brackish (has salt content) because Laguna de Bay
is connected to Manila Bay via the Pasig River. Based on its color,
especially on the region outward the shore, the lake is eutrophic (eutrophic
lakes are characterized by high levels of nutrients, algae, planktons and
high rates of photosynthesis (Agote et. Al., 2007: 57) which makes it ideal
for aqua culture. However, due to human waste contamination and
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constant water pollution, the water in the lake is not advisable for human
consumption (not-potable).
C. Local Government, Administration, and Politics
Major Island location: Luzon Island
Region: Region IV-A (Tagalog Region) CALABARZON
Place Administrator (as of yr. 2008)
Province: Province of Rizal Gov. Casimiro Ynares
District: Provincial District 1
Municipality: Municipality of Binangonan Mayor Cecilio M. Ynares
Talim Island
Barangay: Brgy. Gulod Brgy. Captain Jesus M. Añis
Kagawads: Romulado A. Olorvida
Guilbert P. Panguito
Pepito R. Gondraneos
Aldrin A. Añain
Prudencio A.
Gondraneos
Romeo A. Domingues
Eduardo C. Arambulo
SK Chairman Karl Reinier V. Era
Secretary Pablito B. Villaflores
Treasurer Melody D. Añain
Type of Barangay: Rural Coastal Barangay
No. of registered voters: 713
No. of precincts: 5
IRA (Internal Revenue Allotment) – Php. 518, 598.00
Internal income (RPT, businesses, etc.) Php. 45, 700.00
Annual brgy. earnings (as of 2006) – Php. 564, 298.00
(For complete Gulod’s Brgy report of 2006 viewing, see appendix)
Source: Brgy. Report of 2006 pg. 6
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Barangay election in Gulod is generally peaceful, as what most of the
people there would say (no gun shots, no salvages, no murderous crime
etc.) however, what has been noticeable during election is the presence of
familial rivalry. “Kampi-kampi”, “kamag-anakan” and the “kumpadre”
system plays a major role in the election. A day before the election,
reported scenario would be “gapangan” and “bayaran.” Familial rivalry
lasts for years after the election, noticeable pattern would be “walang
pansinan” and the “live and the let live policy” (toleration).
D. Demographic Profile
Population- 1, 515
No. of Males (m) – 731
No. of Females (f) – 784
Age-sex ratio – 1m: 1.07f (731/784)
No. of Families – 284
No. of Household – 270
No. of minors – statistics not available
Age-sex pyramid – statistics not available
Fertility rate – statistics not available
Mortality rate – statistics not available
Source: Brgy. Report of 2006 pg. 6
18
E. Religions, Fiestas and Celebrations
Distribution of people based on religion
Religion PercentageRoman Catholic 80%
Iglesia ni Cristo 5%
Protestant 10%
Jehovah’s Witnesses 5%
Islam 0%
Others 0%
Majority of the people in Gulod are Roman Catholics, however,
Gulod has no Catholic Church on its own, neither a chapel, so people
there have to walk to Brgy. Janosa just to attend their Sunday masses.
Same is the faith of the 5% Iglesia ni Cristo members, the nearest
“sambahan” of Iglesia ni Cristo is at Brgy. ________, Binangonan
mainland. Protestant members (10%), on the other hand, just go to Door
of Faith at Brgy. Kaytome near the GLOBE cell site. The only religious
structure at Brgy. Gulod is the Jehovah’s Witnesses (5%) kingdom hall
located beside the old open court of the said barangay.
Aside from the traditional Catholic celebrations held every year
(Christmas, New Year, Flores de Mayo and Sta. Cruzan, Lenten Season,
and All Saints Day), the local fiesta in honor of Sto. Domingo (St. Dominic)
is yearly celebrated on August 4. This fiesta is celebrated by four
barangays, namely Brgy.s Buhangin, Janosa, Kaytome, and Gulod. It is a
fiesta known to all the barrios (barangays) of the Island. Known for its
splendid celebration, people from neighboring barangays and local tourists
Source: Brgy. Report of 2006 pg. 6
18
from the mainland visit the place, the act is known as “nakikifiesta.”
Months before August, people usually raise flocks of chicken and piglets in
preparation for the fiesta, these animals would be their main ingredients in
their dishes on August 4. They usually provide a “kurral” and “hawla” for
these animals in their backyards. A day before the fiesta (August 3), there
would be a parade of the saint in the lake, locally known as the “Pagoda”,
were many boats both passenger boats and fishermen’s boats follow the
trail, this happens early in the morning followed by a series of communal
games and dance parties. The actual fiesta is characterized by fabulous
volume of delicious food prepared for visitors known,
or unknown, to the owner of the houses. Dishes
served are of different kinds, fishes, pork, salads etc.
When a researcher asked what a housewife would
do to the many left over, if any (the researcher was
worried about the foods that would be spoiled), she
said “walang natitira dito kasi uso ang pabalot ng
ulam,” a cultural trait when fiesta only in Talim. On
the streets are parading brass bands playing lively
music, and the many “tyangge” stalls selling different
array of items. Usually a mass would be conducted
in the morning, or at night, or both, as a sign of their
thanks giving to St. Dominic. Loud and playful music
dominates the air, and the streets are full of people visiting house to
18
house, are watching the parade of musicians, or are playing carnival
games along the way. At night a noticeable scenario would be drinking
men. This is the time when the fiesta here would be slightly dangerous as
there are many drunken men loitering around, however, the Barangay
tanods are always alert and are ready to handle situations that would
threaten the peaceful festive celebration.
E. Economic Profile
Labor force – statistics not available
Distribution of people based on their economic activity
Agriculture 5%
Fishing 60%
Business 10%
Being employed 20%
Others 5%
Brgy. Gulod is a fishermen’s community since 60% of its working
class are dependent on fishing. This fishing activity includes people who
have fish pens, people who are hired to cater fishes in a fish pen, and
people who freely fish on the open-waters of the lake. Fishes include the
most common Big head (Taiwan fish), Bangus, Dalag, Kanduli, Hito
(catfish), Tilapia, and Ayungin, and there are also the presence of fresh-
water shrimps and snails. According to the people, the legal size of a fish
pen should not exceed 1 hectare per owner, such policy has been
mandated by the LLDA as their method of regulating the number of fish
Source: Brgy. Report of 2006 pg. 6
18
pens in the lake (since too much fish pens could aggravate water
pollution); that would be the case for small time fishermen whose fish pens
are meters away from the coasts. The scenario would be different to multi-
millionaires who have fish pens as large as 50 hectares or more, these
fish pens are commonly found in the “laot” or deep waters (such statement
about these huge sizes of fish pens could be viewed when you are at the
summit of Mt. Tagapo. While viewing the entirety of the island, one could
notice the huge sizes of fish pens near Talim’s Cardona side). Aside from
the size of the fish pens being regulated, fish pens have their own
registration process from the LLDA (Laguna Lake Development Authority)
whose agents visit the area regularly for inspection of documents, those
who are not registered suffered from the demolition of their fish pens. Fish
pens have their own “guards” which usually visits the area every day.
These guards (hired, or the owner of the fish pen himself) stay in a “kubo”,
uplifted from the lake waters, its walls and floors are
made up of bamboo, with a roof made up of nipa.
The primary task of a guard is to protect the fish
pen from robbers who would try to destroy the nets
and rob the fishes coming out from the hole, other
tasks would be securing the net and the “baklads”
from being damage due to strong winds as well as
the maintenance of the fish pen as a whole.
18
Fishermen use the customary fish nets to catch fishes, which
comes in different sizes (its holes) depending on the type of fish to be
catched, thus, average holes for big heads as
compared to the small holes of nets for Ayungin.
For fresh water shrimps, bubo would be the best
catcher. It is a hard net in cylindrical shape wherein
a bait (“pa-in”) is placed inside. The bubo would be
submerged into the basin, then after some period of
time (a day), the fishermen would get the bubo and
collect the shrimps trapped inside. The boats of the fishermen are no
longer made up of wooden materials, but rather of fiber glass. This
material, available in Binangonan mainland, is lighter in weight than the
traditional wooden boats, hence, made the travelling faster than the usual.
Fishing boats and passenger boats are usually motor boats but there are
still fisher folks who use the traditional paddle system (de sagwan).
Fishes and other aqua products are brought
down to a barangay wharf near the Municipal
Annex. Here, small-time fish traders and fish
vendors (naglalako ng isda) wait for the
fishermen’s catch. The usual fish transaction
happens early morning, around six am. Fishes are
fresh, often alive and are still moving. The prices of the fishes are about
60% or more less than the usual prices of markets in Manila. Big head, a
Bubo
18
variety of fish, sells P 70.00 per kilo in Manila, but there, about P 12-15.00
(whole fish) per kilo.
Another economic activity in Gulod is the
“pag-aayungin” or the air-drying of Ayungin. The
products most likely resemble the “daing” of the
Visayas. The Ayungins, after washing, are made
into partial half by slicing their backs, then
removing their intestines. A tray of “metal screen” is being prepared in the
process. After the cleaning process, the Ayungins are put into the metal
screens side by side, forming rows and columns of Ayungins. They will be
“cooked” under the sun (binibilad sa araw), letting it to be air-dried until it
turns golden brown (as shown in the picture above). Air drying consumes
about a day or two depending on the weather. After the drying process, it
will be collected by the “mag-aayungin”, putting it into a storage container
(a drum etc.) which is now ready for consumption or for selling. A kilo of
dried Ayungins here will cost you P 100.00 as compared to the P 10.00
per pack (50 grams) of Ayungins in Manila.
There are no big business ventures at Gulod,
what is common is the presence of Sari-sari stores
at different location. Common to many sari-sari
stores at Brgy. Gulod and nearby barangays is the
presence of video-okes or sing-along booths. Sing
along booths have TV screen, a “kubo”, and a coin-
18
operated-video-oke machine (with microphones provided). One song
would costs you P 1.00 as compared to the P 5.00 value in Manila. Hence,
singing within a “video-okehan” is a common past time for people all day
long.
18
Other businesses include charcoal-making
(pag-uuling) and bamboo craft making (paggawa ng
hawla, barbeque sticks, sala sets, at hawla).
Charcoal-making is a business that has the least
capital of all (a money for a bottle of kerosene to be
used in the process), what a person has to do is to
collect woods from the hilly and mountainous regions
(pangangahoy), rocks and soil to be formed as a
pugon, and “pampaningas” which is usually
composed of dried (bamboo) leaves. All types of woods could be use in
the process; however, the customary procedure would use Kakawati and
Sampaloc. In the process of pangangahoy, or collecting woods, people
use dead branches of large trees (they cut it into small pieces), “tuod” or
died trees, fresh young kakawati trunks, or any available hard woods in
the mountain except bamboos. Pangangahoy would spend from a day to
about a week depending on how large the volume of charcoal a “mag-
uuling” would want to produce. After the collection process, the mag-
uuling will arrange the woods in a circular manner up to the desired height.
He will fence the woods by using galvanized iron sheets (yero), or by
using large rocks abundant in the mountain. He will first put raw grasses
and shrubs near the base of the mound of woods then will start to fill the
spaces with soil and dried bamboo leaves alternately until it reaches the
top. The top will be filled with soil. A ball of cloth soaked into the kerosene
18
which would be inserted at the basin of the mound will later be lighted up
by a fire. The soil, rocks, and the galvanized iron sheets complement each
other in trapping the heat inside the “pugon.” Such heat will be the one
who will “cook” the woods inside the pugon. The pugon will be guarded
against heavy rains, or when the soil above the mound sinks
unexpectedly, by the mag-uuling for about three days, with a “tolda” or
“lona” above it, the charcoals forming inside the pugon will be safe from
heavy rainfalls during rainy season. The ember (baga) will continue to
glow for about three days until the soil totally collapse and the height of
the mound becomes half (from its original height) on
its own. The mag-uuling will pack the charcoals
created and will sell it with a price of P 100.00 per
sack as compared to P 400.00 in Manila.
Another livelihood activity in Gulod is the
making of Bamboo crafts. Bamboo crafts include
barbeque sticks which comes in large, medium, and small sizes, often
baked under the sun (on the side walks) so that it will be dried, thus
making it strong and suitable for usage. Bundles of it would cost you P
5.00 here as compared to P 10.00 in Manila.
Another major bamboo craft popular to Talim is its craftsmanship
on making hawla (chicken’s cage), sala sets, and papag (beds). People
with this type of job usually canvass on the different barangays nearby to
get the cheapest price of bamboo that they could afford, or they climb the
Using yero
Using stones
18
mountain just to look for possible bamboo traders (remember that most of
the flora in the mountain are composed of bamboo trees). Common
carpentry tools are used in making the three crafts, usually composed of
hammer, saw, nails, bolo (itak or gulok), chisel (pait), and lukob (a chisel
with a rounded end used for making holes). First, the bamboo trunks are
cut into the desired lengths (depending on the type of craft to be done),
then the green part (bark) will be removed using the bolo – the process is
known to be “nagkakayas.” Then these cleansed bamboo parts will be
used for the different parts of the craft. There are two varieties of bamboo
grasses planted in Talim, the Kawayang Tinik and the Bokayon. The
Kawayang tinik has trunks that has large circumference as compared to
the Bokayon. The kawayang tinik is used for the craft’s large parts while
the bokayon for small and thin parts (usually for decorative elements only).
Depending on the nature of the product, a craftsman would seek the help
of another craftsman. The “Sala” set, a more elaborate type of product,
usually consumes a week before it’s done. As obvious on the prices here,
the bamboo products are cheaper as compared to the prices in Manila,
such as the Sala set which would cost you P 700.00 as compared to the
±P 1,000.00 in Manila.
The charcoal making, dried Ayungin and the bamboo products are
usually done when there are customer orders for them. Buyers usually
give advance payment to the workers. The workers will then use the
money for familial needs and production costs. Usually the money will be
18
used up after the products are finished, leaving the workers penniless.
Contracts between two parties (that is, the between the buyer and the
producer) are through words of mouth and not the usual papers in the
corporate world.
In Gulod, as well as in Kaytome, there are several tailor shops with
workers inside using electronic or manual tailoring machines, there are
tailor shops, however, in some individual houses. What they are producing
are of different stuffs, such as uniforms and curtains. The volume of the
product is usually in bulk (maramihan) but there are special cases for
individual customers (pasadya).
Piggery in Gulod is not common, as there are
only few “magbababoy” in the area. The pig pens
are usually near their houses, (commonly within
their backyards). Commercial feeds, vitamins, and
supplements are used in growing pigs, however, are
not limited to such since some pig owners use the traditional “kaning
baboy.” Such feeds and vitamins are available in some local stores in
nearby barangays. When slaughtered, its meat mostly goes to the market
near the pritil of Binangonan (but may be sold to anyone interested within
the, or in other, barangay).
18
Agriculture in Gulod is not extensive as in other rural areas in Rizal.
Rice farming in Gulod has been lost decades ago. On a series of
unstructured interviews with some of the old people in Gulod, they were
saying that the Libis and the Parang were once rice
paddies that were now transformed into residential
lands and agricultural waste lands (lupang
nakatiwang-wang). One reason they saw was the
generation gap between the old and the young
generations in their time. An old woman said “simula ng makapag-aral ang
mga kabataan, wala nang sumunod sa mga matatanda”, another one said
“nangandamatay na kasi ang mga matatanda tapos hindi interesado sa
pagsasaka yung mga kabataan, hindi na tuloy naisalin yung kaalaman sa
pagsasaka”, Mang Philemon, an old resident of the place, could still
reminisce his experiences in planting rice and in farming, saying “noong
mga bata pa kami, nagsasaka kami sa may bundok tapos may ginagamit
kaming kawayang pambutas ng lupa (sa mga butas pinupunla yung palay)
na kung tumunog ay parang palakpak habang nagbabakal…” The remains
of the old farming technique in the mountains are still evident when
someone would reach the
peak of Mt. Tagapo (it is
somewhat like the rice
terraces of the Ifugaos in
Nothern Luzon). Assessing
Part of the Libis with a former rice field
Notice the terraces in the picture as shot from Mt. Tagapo
18
these stories would generate topics for possible researches, such as 1.
The contribution of education in the disappearance of rice farming, and 2.
The contribution of the differences between the young and the old
subcultures (attitudes and practices) in the disappearance of rice farming
in Brgy.s Kaytome and Gulod.
During the researchers’ stay in Brgy. Gulod, only small-scale non-
rice farming activities survived the modern times, as observed by the
researchers through farms of sitaw, kamote tops, and peanuts near
Harimonas, banana trees in the mountain side, some trees of Kamoteng
Kahoy (Balinghoy) near their house, and the planting of Corn when May
comes (start of the rainy season). People at Gulod plant vegetables for
personal (or sometimes, for communal- [the pahingi-hingi system])
consumption, meaning they just plant within their backyards. The only
considerable farming activity in Gulod is the planting of corns in the
“kaingin” or places in the mountain side wherein grasses are cleared by
burning, followed by the removing/or arranging of rocks into dividers of
each “plant box”. The corn seedlings will be soaked into a pail of water
mixed with “urea” (a nitrogen rich fertilizer in small white balls) overnight,
starting the day before the actual planting. These corn seedlings are
prepared and produced by the farmers. Those are corn kernels that were
the left over of the previous harvest. In the preparation of corn seedlings,
the farmer will, during harvest, set aside the corn plants that will be left to
grow old, when matured already, the seeds will be air dried, then be
18
collected and stored into a container. During the planting activity, the
custom of the people in Gulod is to prepare a cross that would serve as a
“scare crow” against the mountain birds watching for
corn seeds. In the process of planting, two persons
will be working side by side. The first is the
“magbabakal” which will be creating holes (bakal) on
the ground by pounding a piece of hard wood
sharpened at its end (the one which will be hitting
the ground). The distance of every hole should be
about a meter apart from each other. The
magbabakal will be followed by the “nagbibinhi” with
the primary task of dropping three pieces of corn
kernels into each hole, then covering it with soil
using his/her foot. The process will be repeated until
the whole land is planted with the seedlings. When
planting, the farmers try to avoid two holes that are
very near from each other, as it would cause
premature growths among corns, as what an elder
said when the three researchers helped in planting
corns “baka maging palay ‘yan.” After the planting,
the land will be fenced with bamboos found
abundant in the place. The farmer will wait for about
three months before he could harvest the corn. The
The cross as a scarecrow
pagbabakal
nagbibinhi
pagbabakod
18
variety of corn used in planting in Gulod is the “lagkitan” type. After the
planting process and the fencing, the farmer will regularly visit the place
for maintenance purposes. The planting of corn happens annually in May
when rainy season seems to be approaching.
As said earlier, kubos (nipa huts) in the mountain serves as a
house for farmers guarding their crops, mag-uulings as they watch their
pugons (ovens), magkakambings (shepherds of goats) watching for their
goats, and the land owners who are guarding their bamboo trees. The
latter seems to be the primary function of
a kubo in the mountain. Note that most
of the mountain’s flora is bamboos of two
kinds, kawayang tinik and bokayon,
these bamboos are used for bamboo
crafts which are basically processed in
the low lands (the brgy proper). Land
owners that were left after the land buying of Lucio Tan, guard their
bamboo trees from thieves of bamboos. These land owners, visit their
lands everyday, inspecting every bamboos in their jurisdiction. Caught
thieves are given penalties and are reported to the barangay for
punishment (pinapabarangay).
Notice the bamboo huts surrounded by cleared lands for farming, and the land owners’ bamboo trees.
18
A
Community Study
Of
Barangay Gulod
(A descriptive research)
PART 2
Methodology: Structured Interviews
Date of the conduct of survey: May 14-16, 2008
Venue: different places in Gulod,
mostly in the respondents’ houses
and tambayans.
18
Statistical treatment of data on page 11 Description of the respondents on page 12 Total number of respondents: 69 respondents (4.55% of the total
Brgy. Gulod population or 25.56% out of the 270 number of households as of 2006 since the researchers adapt the policy of 1 respondent as representative of one household). These 69 respondents will be the entire population’s representative for the study.
Operating conditions: the word respondent refers to a representation of a family that has been interviewed. On the following statements, the words respondent, family, and household have been used alternately.
One of the main tasks of sociologists is to find patterns of
relationships and its characteristics within a collectivity. Individual cases
would be subjected to individualism, however, when such “individual
cases” become repetitive and similar to a large number of people, it tells
us something, and real sociologists commit the tasks of finding the
meaning and the cause of that “something.” The following data presented
through numbers (quantitative) are indications of some perpetuated
characteristics of the people which, as a result, will be the description of
an aspect, based on a certain inquiry, of Brgy. Gulod.
Table 1. An inquiry if the families in Brgy. Gulod were nuclear or extended families.
A nuclear type of family is composed of the couple and their
siblings living in their house. Extended families are those composed of
two or more nuclear families, or nuclear families with their relatives living
with them. There is a usual conception that in rural areas, extended
II. Presentation and Analysis of Quantitative Data
18
families are more common than the nuclear ones since Filipinos have
strong family ties. Such strong social cohesion (provided that the
community is not anomic—disintegrated) has been carried out even
though the siblings of the Family of Orientation (original family where the
siblings came from) becomes married and have created their own Family
of Procreation. Brgy. Gulod has been situated in a rural setting so the
researchers hypothesized that extended families would be the most
common type of family in the area.
Table 1 shows the percentage of respondents with extended and
nuclear types of families. As shown in the table, 21 respondents (30.43%)
have the extended type of families, while 48 respondents (69.57%) have
the nuclear type of families. Reflecting on the scales has debunked the
hypothesis stated earlier. Taking the rule stated earlier that these 69
respondents would be the representative of the barangay in describing its
way of life and features, collective answers as generated through
tabulation of data would yield to the following format of generalization,
that--
Table 1 only shows that majority of the families in Gulod (69.57%)
were families of nuclear type.
Type f %Extended 21 30.43Nuclear 48 69.57
Total (n) 69 100
18
Table 2. An inquiry about the type of family Brgy. Gulod has when it comes to the holder of the authority
within the house.
A patriarchal type means that the father is the sole holder of the
authority within the house, thus all familial decisions come solely on him. A
matriarchal type refers to families whose head of the family (decision-
maker) is the mother. Egalitarian families are those types whose decision
making is being shared by the couple, in some cases, the sides of their
siblings are being consulted before a final decision is made. Matricentric
types, on the other hand, are those families whose fathers are far away
and the mothers are left alone to cater their siblings. Since the mother is
left alone, she acts as the father and the mother simultaneously and her
decisions are as heavy as that of her husband. The researchers
hypothesized that, since Filipino culture has been patriarchal (prioritizing
the male side) and that many Filipinos adhere to the concept of
“machoismo” since many “Mr” doesn’t want to be called “under the saya”,
Brgy. Gulod has patriarchal type of families.
Table 2 shows that 20 respondents (28.99%) answered that their
families fall in the patriarchal type, 5 respondents (7.25%) replied for the
matriarchal type, and 4 respondents (5.80%) answered for the matricentric
Type f %Patriarchal 20 28.99Matriarchal 5 7.25Egalitarian 40 57.97Matricentric 4 5.80
Total (n) 69 100.01
18
type. The majority of the respondents (40 respondents or 57.97%)
however, answered the Egalitarian type, a type of arrangement wherein
power and authority over family matters are being shared by the couple.
The results have debunked the earlier hypothesis that Gulod has
patriarchal type of families.
Table 2 only shows that majority of the families in Gulod (57.97%)
have the egalitarian type of family.
Table 3. An inquiry if the families in Brgy. Gulod were conjugal or consanguineal types.
Conjugal type of family refers to an arrangement wherein the
spouse and their children are being prioritized in decision making,
according to Panopio (2004; 241) “the marriage bond is emphasized.” On
the contrary, consanguineal family (sanguine meaning “blood”) refers to
an arrangement wherein the blood relations (relatives) are given more
emphasis in decision making and familial activities than the spouses and
their children. As stated earlier, the researchers assumed that rural people
give more emphasis on the relatives since Filipinos have strong family
bonds. On the researchers observation in the place the “kamag-anakan”
system still operates in Brgy. Gulod, thus, the researchers hypothesized
those families in Brgy. Gulod as falling into the consanguineal type.
However, based on the interviews conducted by the researchers’ team,
such hypothesis has been debunked by the majority of answers coming
from the people.
18
As shown in the table, consanguineal families were only 17.39 %
(12 respondents) as compared to the 82.61% (57 respondents) of
respondents who answered the conjugal type.
Table 3 only shows that majority of the families in Gulod (82.61%)
belong to the conjugal type.
Table 4. An inquiry about the families in Brgy. Gulod regarding as to which sides the family members
were more affiliated.
Families with matrilineal kind of relationship with their relatives are
composed of members who are most affiliated (mas makiling, mas
malapit) to the side of the mother, while patrilineal families posses a
special affiliation to the side of the father. There is, however, a third type,
the bilateral, which makes into account the affiliation of the family in both
sides of the father and the mother. Since the researchers first assumed
that Brgy Gulod was patriarchal, they also hypothesized that the family
members were more affiliated to the side of the father, thus, patrilineal.
Table 4 shows that 15 of the respondents (21.74%) have the
matrilineal type of family, 16 respondents (23.19%) have patrilineal types,
Type f %Conjugal 57 82.61
Consanguineal 12 17.39Total (n) 69 100
Type f %Matrilineal 15 21.74Patrilineal 16 23.19Bilateral 38 55.07
Total (n) 69 100
18
and 38 respondents (55.07%) have the bilateral type. The data above
caused in the rejection of the earlier hypothesis.
Table 4 only shows that majority of the families in Brgy. Gulod
(55.07%) have the bilateral type of family.
Table 5. An inquiry about the families’ residences in Brgy. Gulod.
Families with patrilocal type of residence reside in, or near, the
residence of the parents of the groom (compound type). Those with the
matrilocal type of residence live in, or near the residence of the parents of
the bride (compound type). The neolocal type of family however
establishes their own residence independently of the parents of either the
groom or bride, in this research, the researchers have also considered a
couple as neolocal if they were the ones who have primarily planned,
funded, helped, and supervised in the construction of their new house
near, or afar, from the residence of the parents of either side (not
compound). There are cases of avuncolocal residences wherein the
(newly wedded) couple resides within, or near the maternal uncle of the
groom, however, in this study, avuncolocal would mean the residence of
the couple in, or near, the uncle or auntie of either side. Again, operating
on a very paternalistic manner, the researchers have hypothesized that
families in Brgy. Gulod would fall into the patrilocal type.
18
Table 5
has shown
the different
distributions of the respondents when it comes to the type of residence
their families have. On the table above, 28.99% or 20 of the respondents
fall into the patrilocal type of family while only 8.7% or 6 of the
respondents replied for the matrilocal type. There are 4.35% or 3 cases of
avuncolocal residences while majority of the respondents (57.77%) have
the neolocal type of residences. The earlier hypothesis that families at
Brgy. Gulod were patrilocal has been debunked by the data above.
Tale 5 only shows that majority of the families in Brgy. Gulod
(57.77%) have the neolocal type of residence.
Table 6 (Q1) An inquiry as to what construction materials the houses in Brgy. Gulod were composed of.
Brgy. Gulod is situated in a province, specifically in an island. There
is a common misconception that people in the province have houses that
are mostly made up of nipa huts, woods and bamboos. This
misconception has been carried into the minds of the researchers while
hypothesizing (such hypothesizing was done before they were able to set
their feet off the pritil of Kaytome from the bangka), thus, resulting into the
hypothesis that houses at Gulod were made up of nipa, bamboos, and
woods. Such misconception has been corrected by the data below.
Type f %Patrilocal 20 28.99Matrilocal 6 8.70Neolocal 40 57.77
Avuncolocal 3 4.35Total (n) 69 100.01
18
As shown in Table 6, there is only one respondent who answered
the “nipa and bamboo” category, 2 respondents (2.90%) replied for the
“wood only” category, while 7 respondents (10.14%) have houses that
were made up of woods and bamboos. A significant minority, 23
respondents (33.33%) answered that their houses were wholly made of
concrete, while the majority (36 respondents or 52.17%) of the
respondents have the semi-concrete type of houses (that is, made up of
concrete, plus bamboo or wood or nipa etc.). The data above caused into
the rejection of the previous hypothesis and misconception.
Table 6 only shows that majority of the houses at Brgy. Gulod
(52.17%) were made up of semi-concrete construction materials.
Table 7 (Q2.1) An inquiry about the respondents’ ownership of their houses.
Type f %Wood and bamboo 7 10.14
Wood only 2 2.90Nipa and bamboo 1 1.45
Barong-barong 0 0Semi-concrete 36 52.17
Concrete 23 33.33Total (n) 69 100.01
Options f %Yes 61 88.41No 8 11.59
Total (n) 69 100
18
Table 7 shows that 61 of the respondents (88.41%) owned their
houses compared to the 8 respondents (11.59%) who don’t own their
houses. These non-owners were usually the “nakikitira”, “care takers”, and
“nangungupahan” from the owners of their houses.
Table 7 only shows that majority of the families in Gulod (88.41%)
were the owners of their houses.
Table 8 (Q2.2) An inquiry if the respondents own their residential lots.
Table 8 shows if the respondents own the lot on which they have
constructed their houses. This question has been included to know if there
were major housing and slum problems within the area. As shown in the
table above, majority of the respondents (59 respondents or 85.51%)
owned their residential lots, while a percentage of 14.49% or 10
respondents reported that they don’t own their residential lots. A small
percentage of non-owners would suggests that Brgy. Gulod has no major
problem when it comes to housing and residential land ownership.
Table 8 only shows that majority of the families in Brgy. Gulod
(85.51%) were the owners of their residential lots.
Options f %Yes 59 85.51No 10 14.49
Total (n) 69 100
18
Table 9 (Q3) Type of toilet facility used by the households.
Table 9 shows an inquiry of the researchers regarding the type of
toilet facilities the residents of Brgy. Gulod were using. As shown in the
table, majority of the households interviewed (78.26%) have the “water-
sealed used exclusively by one household” type of toilet facility. Such
practice would be more sanitary, healthy and securing from infectious
diseases unlike the “water-sealed shared by other households” type
(18.84%), and the open pit (2.9%) type of toilet facilities.
Table 9 only shows that majority of the households in Brgy. Gulod
(78.26%) have the “water-sealed, used exclusively by one household”
type of toilet facilities.
Table 10 (Q4.1) An inquiry if the respondents at Brgy. Gulod have water lines (GWSS).
Type f %Water-sealed exclusively used by one household
54 78.26
Water-sealed shared with other households
13 18.84
Closed pit 0 0Open pit 2 2.9Others 0 0
Total (n) 69 100
Options f %Yes 55 79.71No 14 20.28
Total (n) 69 99.99
18
As shown in Table 10, majority of the respondents (55 respondents
out of 69) at Brgy. Gulod have water line connections. The water line
service has been provided for years by the GWSS (Gulod Waterworks and
Sewerage System), the only water system in Talim which Gulod, luckily,
has. Fourteen respondents (20.28%) in contrast, do not have water
connection services from GWSS, however; there were available public
artesian wells (poso) which could provide their needs for water.
Table 10 only shows that majority of the respondents in Gulod
(79.71%) have water line connection services.
Table 11 (Q4.2) An inquiry if the respondents at Brgy. Gulod have electricity lines.
The table above shows the results of an inquiry conducted by the
researchers about the percentage of the acquisition of electricity lines in
Brgy. Gulod. As shown in table 11, majority of the respondents (89.86%)
have electricity lines as compared to the seven respondents (10.14%) who
don’t have.
Table 11 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (89.86%) have electric connections.
Options f %Yes 62 89.86No 7 10.14
Total (n) 69 100
18
Table 12 (Q5) An inquiry if the respondents were native to Bgry. Gulod
As shown in table 12, majority of the respondents were native to
Gulod (72.46%). Such percentage is high, which would give us a
conception that since the majority of the respondents was native to
Gulod, the data generated about its way of life and its characteristics
were reliable. There were only 19 respondents who were not native to
Gulod and have just immigrated to the place because their spouses were
natives of Gulod and have lands there. These nineteen respondents came
from the different (commonly nearby) provinces in the Philippines, such as
Laguna, Masbate, Taytay, Pangasinan, Bulacan, Negros, Ilo-ilo, and
Binangonan mainland, others were natives of Brgy.s Buhangin, Janosa,
and Kaytome.
Table 12 only shows that majority of the respondents (72.46%)
were natives of Gulod.
Table 13 (Q6) An inquiry as to what were the respondents’ main plan for their children.
Options f %Yes 50 72.46No 19 27.54
Total (n) 69 100
18
Table 13 shows the responses the respondents gave when they
were asked about their plans for their children. Majority of the
respondents’ (65.22%) answers were connected to education such as
“makapag-aral” and “makapag-tapos lahat sa pag-aaral” such answers
portray how people value education. The “makapagtapos” is a word
connected to the finishing of a college degree. In Gulod, to study is very
costly especially in collegiate level since there is no tertiary educational
institution in the island; one has to cross the lake, travel, and then rent for
nearby apartments or bed spacers near college schools such as the URS-
Binangonan and other colleges and universities in Morong, Angono, and
nearby municipalities. Another meaning attached to the word
“makapagtapos” is the hope of the parents (the respondents) to see their
children graduating with a college degree since majority of them (the
respondents, see pg. 12) where only high school and elementary
graduates, and high school and elementary undergraduates.
Two respondents (2.90%) answered for “comfortable lives” both
one respondent (1.45%) answered for “to be married” and “to have work.”
The no answer shared a large percentage in the table with 28.99%,
Responses f %To have a good education and to finish their studies
45 65.22
Comfortable lives 2 2.90To be married 1 1.45To have work 1 1.45
No answer 20 28.99Total (n) 69 100.01
18
reasons for this were the following: (1) some respondents were too old
and their children have already their own lives (separated from them), (2)
some respondents let their children choose what they wanted their lives to
be, (3) some respondent have no siblings yet, (4) some respondents have
not answered the question, and to some extent and instance, (5) some of
the researchers forgot to ask the question.
Table 13 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (65.22%) wanted their children to have a good education and to
finish their studies.
Table 14 (Q7) An inquiry as to what was the most frequent problem the respondents met at home.
Table 14 shows the most common problems encountered by the
respondents’ families at home. Problems when met at home could lead
into two ways, first is the disintegration of the close familial relationship
(weakening of the relationship) which could further lead into marital
Options f %Financial problem 47 68.12
No assurance about the ownership of the house/tenant
1 1.45
Sickly children/member(s) of the family
14 20.29
Drunkard husband 3 4.35Gambling 2 2.90
Other vices (smoking, adultery etc.)
5 7.25
Problems with neighbors 2 2.90No permanent job 13 18.84
others 0 0N is 69 (to get %, f/nx100)
18
discord and separation, and second, it could promote to a more strong
familial relationship when the problem is surpassed by the whole family.
The inquiry above could also be used as a reflection to the kind of
environment a family is residing at. Usually, the “stressors” promoting
tensions in familial relationships come from the social environment. The
aim of the inquiry above is to know the most common problem those
families at Brgy. Gulod were suffering from.
As shown in the table, majority of the respondents (68.12%) were
suffering from financial problems, based on what they say “dito sa Isla,
mahirap ang pera.” Financial problems go worst when schooling season
comes, since the students’ notebooks, books, uniforms, baon, fare, and
tuition fees will be shouldered by most of the parents earning only (below
the) minimal wage per month. Second to the most minded problems is the
“sickly children/members of the family” category wherein 14 respondents
(20.29%) have identified this as one of their common problems at home.
Health services at the barangay is not sufficient for the health needs of the
people, even medical missions which occasionally visits the area would
not be sufficient, the problem about health care has been aggravated by
the absence of stay in doctors and nurses in the area, as well as the
absence of a fully functional hospital within the Island of Talim (since you
have to cross the lake just to have Talim’s hospital services). Third most
minded problem is that the bread winners of the respondents (or the
18
respondents themselves) have no permanent jobs (18.84%) which
contribute to the financial problem discussed above.
Table 14 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (68.12%) have “financial problems” as their most common
encountered problem at home.
Table 15 (Q8) An inquiry if the respondents were satisfied with their living conditions in Brgy. Gulod.
In this inquiry, the word satisfied has been equated with the word
“happy” both by the researchers and the respondents. Although problems
exist as what the previous inquiry tackled, there are many factors other
than the economic aspect of living which makes the respondent to say that
they were contented with their living in Gulod. As what the table shows,
94.20% of the respondents said that they were happy and contented with
their stay in Gulod as attested by some of the reasons given by the
respondents themselves… “simple ang buhay, mura ang bilihin”, “matipid”,
“mababa ang cost of living”, “masaya dito”, “free from (air-) pollution”,
“kinagisnan na kasi”, “mababait ang mga tao”, “masagana, payak, sariwa
ang hangin”, “dito yung lupa namin”, “peaceful”, “maganda”, and “safe.”
Despite the large percentage of respondents happily living in Gulod, there
were 4 respondents (5.8%) who were not contented with their stay in
Gulod. These were the people who have focused their attention on their
Responses f %Yes 65 94.20No 4 5.80
Total (n) 69 100
18
economic situations, as depicted by some of their reasons… “mahirap”,
“… walang pera, hindi permanente ang trabaho”, “mahirap ang trabaho
dito.”
Table 15 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (94.20%) were happy and contented with their living conditions
there.
Table 16 (Q9) An inquiry as to what do the respondents feel about the present performance of the government.
Table 16 shows the nature of the respondents’ response when
asked what they feel about the present performance of the government.
While interviewing, the researchers noticed that the people were referring
both to the national government officials and the government as a whole.
As shown in the table, majority of the respondents (46.48%) have
sentiments with the government, hence, were not contented (dissatisfied)
with its present performance. Some of their reasons were as follows…
“mainit hanggang katapusan”, “sobrang mahal ng bilihin”, “walang awa sa
mahirap”, “pahirap ng pahiram ang buhay”, “hindi maganda ang patakbo
ni Arroyo”, “lahat nagsitaasan (ang presyo)”, “mainit, siraan”, “dibdiban
ang laban”, “korupsyon”, “hindi napagtutuunan ng pansin ang isla”,
“kawawa ang tao sa mga proyekto”, “magulo” etc. On the other hand,
Nature of Response f %Happy/ contented/ satisfied 20 28.99
With sentiments/ not contented/ dissatisfied
30 43.48
No answer 19 27.54Total (n) 69 100
18
twenty respondents (28.99%) answered for happy/contented/and satisfied
with the present performance of the government, the most common
positive responses in the interview were the following… “maganda”, “okey
lang”, and “walang problema.”
There was a large proportion of respondents (27.54%) who do not
gave answers to the question. These people might not be sure about their
possible answers, or were suspecting about their “safety” if ever that they
give negative reactions. Another possible reason would be that some of
the researchers forgot to ask the question while interviewing some of the
respondents.
Table 16 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (43.48%) were discontented/dissatisfied with the present
performance of the government.
18
Table 17 (Q10) An inquiry as to what the respondents would want the government to be its project for the people.
In connection to the previous question about what the people feel
about the performance of the present government, the researchers have
made question number 10 in the questionnaire as a follow-up question so
that this research could have the “problem identification-solution”
approach. Aside from this, the question has been included in order not to
by pass the opinions of the people about what they think the government
should do for their own-identified problems.
As shown in the table, although majority of the respondents
(43.48%) gave no answers, or have no answers to the question, there
were minor percentages of respondents who gave varied answers which,
if summed up, would defeat the 30 no-answer respondents (summing up
the minor percentages would yield to 60.97%).
As shown in the table, 12 respondents (17.39%) answered for
infrastructures such as construction of a bridge connecting the island to
Responses f %Livelihood related projects 9 13.04
Infrastructure projects 12 17.39Health Services 8 11.59
Price control of primary commodities
2 2.90
Establishment of Tertiary educational institutions (college/universities)
3 4.35
Moral related reforms 4 5.80Environmental projects (clean and
green, waste management etc.)4 5.80
No answer 30 43.48N is 69 (to get %, f/nx100)
18
the mainland, canals, road, installment of streetlights and port. Nine
respondents (13.04%) answered for livelihood related responses such as
establishing a market, commercial establishments, “babuyan”,
“palaisdaan”, “pagtuunan ng pansin ang mga mahihirap”, “farming
techniques” etc. Eight respondents (11.59%) answered for the
establishment of a Hospital within Talim and the improvement of health
services, four respondents (5.80%) answered for moral related reforms
within the government system, such as… “maawa sa mga taong walang-
wala”, “sa eleksyon, wala nang pakialam yung mga natatalo”, and
“pagnakaraos (sa problema) dapat tapos na (hindi na binabalikan pa).”
Another four respondents (5.80%) suggested for the development of an
effective waste management system and clean and green projects, some
of the responses were the following… “kalinisan”, “paturo sa tamang
pagtapon ng basura at pagtatanim ng puno at gulay”, and “magprovide ng
basurahan.” Three respondents (4.35%) answered for the establishment
of a tertiary educational institution in the place (universities and colleges),
while two respondents (2.90%) insisted for the price control of basic
commodities.
Since majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod (43.48%) gave no
answer to the question, and the percentages of the respondents left had
been distributed to an array of different answers, no conclusion relevant to
the question posed should be given.
18
Table 18 (Q11) An inquiry if the respondents were interested in sending their children to school.
Table 18 shows the responses made by the respondents when
asked “interesado ka bang papag-aralin ang iyong mga anak?” As
evident, 85.51% of the respondents (59) had a positive response of “yes”
while only one respondent (1.45%) gave a negative response. A minority
of 9 respondents however gave no answers to the question, possible
reason would be that the respondents were not sure if they would send
their children to school, or, as stated on some interpretations on this study,
the failure of getting the answers was on the side of the researchers.
Table 18 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (85.51%) were interested in sending their children to school.
Responses f %Yes 59 85.51No 1 1.45
No answer 9 13.04Total (n) 69 100
18
Table 19 (Q12) An inquiry if the respondents want to have the following educational institutions
to be raised in Brgy. Gulod.
Table 19 shows the different percentage of respondents in
connection to the wanting of the three basic educational institutions if ever
to be constructed in Brgy. Gulod. As revealed in the table, majority of the
respondents in Brgy. Gulod (84.06%) wanted to have a tertiary
educational institution within their barangay, only 28 respondents
(40.58%) answered for a secondary school in the place, while 32
respondents (46.38%) replied for an elementary school within the place.
The low percentages of respondents in favor for the installation of
elementary and secondary educational institutions were attributed to the
presence of an elementary public school at the boundary of Brgy. Gulod
and Brgy. Kaytome (Kaytome-Gulod Elementary School) and the
presence of a public national high school in Brgy. Janosa. On the contrary,
a high percentage of respondents wanting to have tertiary educational
institutions in the place came from the fact that no tertiary educational
institutions, neither vocational schools, are present in Talim Island. Such
condition is one of the primary reasons as to why many respondents
(citizens of-) at Brgy. Gulod (and in any of the barangays in Talim) are
Options f %Elementary school 32 46.38
High School 28 40.58College/ University 58 84.06
No answer 5 7.25N is 69 (to get %, f/nx100)
18
high school undergraduates and graduates, since sending a student for a
college education in the mainland would cost a big amount of money for
parents earning below the legal minimal wage fee per month.
Table 19 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (84.06%) wanted to have a tertiary educational institution (collegiate
or university level) to be established within Brgy. Gulod (or in Talim
Island).
Table 20(Q13) An inquiry if the respondents want to have a hospital within their community.
Talim Island has no hospital on its own (on the “within the island”
basis). The nearest hospital available would be Talim Island Hospital
constructed near the pritil of Binangonan mainland, thus, people have to
look for an available motor boat, then cross the lake (for about 30-45
mins.) before a person would be able to get professional health care
services in a hospital named after the name of the island. On some of the
unstructured interviews conducted with the people, they say that there
were many cases wherein serious patients died in the bangka before
reaching the coastal hospital.
As shown in Table 20, almost all of the respondents (97.10%) in
Brgy. Gulod wanted to have a local hospital within their barangay (or
Options f %Yes 67 97.10No 1 1.45
No answer 1 1.45Total (n) 69 100
18
within the Island of Talim). Only one respondent (1.45%) gave a no
answer, while another 1 respondent gave no answer at all.
Table 20 only shows that majority of the respondents (97.10%) in
Brgy. Gulod wanted to have a local hospital be established within their
community (within the Talim Island).
Table 21 (Q14) An inquiry if respondents have problems with their neighbors.
Inquiry number 14 in the questionnaire has been designed to know
the relationship of the respondents with their neighbors. When the
respondents were asked “may problema ka ba sa iyong mga kapitbahay?”
majority of the respondents (88.41%) answered “wala” (no), while a
minority of 11.59% (8 respondents) gave varied answers, (some were not
mentioned) these were some of the following… “minsan may tampuhan”,
“hindi naman iyan nawawala pero naaayos din”, and “maingay (because
her house was in the middle of two competing video-okehan).” As a
summary, the respondents have an “okey” relationship with their
neighbors.
Table 21 only shows that majority of the respondents (88.41%) in
Brgy. Gulod don’t have problems with their neighbors.
Responses f %Yes, I have problems… 8 11.59
No, I don’t have problems... 62 88.41Total (n) 69 100
18
Table 22 (Q15) An inquiry as to where do the respondents dump their garbage and how do they dispose it off.
One of the social problems facing the humanity of today is about
the effective management of domestic wastes. Domestic waste (wastes
coming from each household) is a primary contributor to land, water, and
air pollution, which, on its bad effect on the environment, will give serious
health threats to humans (food, potable water, livelihood, oxygen
consumed etc.). Thus, the researchers have included the inquiry on
individual household waste management systems.
As shown in the table, majority of the respondents (52.17%)
dispose-off their garbage by burning. Indeed, this is one of the fastest
ways of disposing off your garbage. Reason for such behavior might be
seen on the absence of garbage collectors within the barangay, another
one more weighing would be the customary ways of many rural Filipino
communities regarding the burning of domestic wastes in their backyards.
Looking at the table, 25 respondents (36.23%) dispose their domestic
wastes through dumping their garbage in dumpsites in Gulod. Gulod has
two dumpsites; the primary is near the national road leading to Brgy.
Responses f %Dumpsite 25 36.23Burning 36 52.17
In places where no one will see 1 1.45Throwing into the lake 1 1.45
At the backyard 1 1.45Burrowing beneath the soil 1 1.45
No answer 4 5.80Total (n) 69 100
18
Sapang, and a minor on a vacant lot in Libis. Answers such as “in places
were no one will see”, “throwing into the lake”, “at the backyard”, and
“burrowing beneath the soil” have only one respondent each (1.45%).
Four respondents (5.80%), on the other hand, gave no answers to the
question.
Table 22 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (52.17%) dispose-off their domestic wastes by burning.
Table 23(Q16.1) An inquiry if respondents know/ have the knowledge of segregating waste materials into biodegradable (nabubulok), non-biodegradable
(hindi-nabubulok), and recyclable (magagamit pa).
Segregation of domestic wastes into biodegradable, non-
biodegradable, and recyclable is important for an effective solid-waste
management system. Biodegradable wastes should be dump beneath the
earth so its decomposing organic materials could be used by plants as
their organic fertilizers, while non-biodegradable and recyclable domestic
wastes should be sent to special solid waste management treatment
facilities for recycling of recyclable units and safe disposal for non-
recyclables. As shown in the table, majority of the respondents (55.07%)
do not know/ have no knowledge of segregating waste materials. Only 28
Options f %Yes 28 40.58No 38 55.07
No answer 3 4.35Total (n) 69 100
18
respondents (40.58%) knew the process, while the 3 respondents left
(4.35%) abstained.
Table 23 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (55.07%) do not know/ have no knowledge of waste segregation.
Table 24 (Q16.2) An inquiry if respondents practice the method of waste segregation.
Knowledge about something without practice is nothing as what
some would say. As shown on table 24, majority of the respondents
(68.12%) do not practice waste segregation. This would be
understandable since 38 respondents in the previous inquiry do not know
how to segregate. The frequency of the previous 38 (table 23) gone up to
47 respondents who do not practice waste segregation because there
were 9 respondents who knew how to segregate but were not practicing it.
On the table we will notice that only 19 respondents (27.54%) practice
waste segregation. Three (4.35%) respondents, on this time, did not give
their answers.
Table 24 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (68.12%) do not practice waste segregation.
Options f %Yes 19 27.54No 47 68.12
No answer 3 4.35Total (n) 69 100
18
Table 25 (Q17) An inquiry if respondents were members of any organizations
Organizations are often built with a background of a common
problem or concern that has been identified by a group of people and has
come to realize that something could be done about it. Organizations,
depending on its nature and functioning, help the people in realizing their
common aims. Organizations and groups also help bring meaning to a
person’s existence, thus a tool for his personal development.
Table 25 shows the results of an inquiry done by the researchers
regarding the membership of respondents in any organization within the
community. As shown in the table, majority of the respondents (57.97%)
were not affiliated to any organization in the community, while 42.23% of
the respondents reported their memberships to some organizations, these
were some of the following… MPPC (Mini-Parish Pastoral Council), SKGK
(Samahan ng Kabataang Gabay sa Kinabukasan), Gulod water works
Coop., OMD, BMS (Bayan Muna Small Enterprises Coop), Youth DRS,
Women’s club, Bantay Lawa, TIPMOPA (samahan ng mga magbabaka sa
isla ng Talim), Binangonan School Teachers’ Association, Senior citizen,
SK tutorial, DHW, and SKBL.
Table 25 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (57.97%) were not affiliated to any organizations in the community.
Options f %Yes 29 42.03No 40 57.97
Total (n) 69 100
18
Table 26 (Q18) An inquiry if respondents have problems with their environment.
Table 26 shows the respondents’ concerns regarding some of the
problems observed in their community. The word environment here refers
to the living environment of the residents which includes the social,
cultural, and physical environments within Brgy. Gulod. The table above
shows the responses of the respondents in the inquiry “mga problemang
bumagagabag patungkol sa kapaligiran” (problems within the [living]
environment of the respondents) wherein majority of the respondents (46
respondents) said that they have no problems regarding their living
environment as a whole. Sanitary problems (14.49%) refers to solid waste
management inadequacy, while livelihood related problems (8.70%) have
responses such as “kahirapan”, “humina ang fishing business”, “pag may
bagyo nasisira ang pamumuhay”, and “hindi maani ang tinatanim na gulay
(dinadaga/sinususo).” Health and safety concerns (2.90%) has responses
related to mosquitoes and dengue prevention, another 2.90% of the
respondents reported for the improvement of roads and the installation of
street lights. One respondent (1.15%) has problems regarding floods
Responses f %Livelihood related problems 6 8.70
Sanitary problems 10 14.49Flood from the mountain when
raining heavily.1 1.45
Health and Safety concerns 2 2.90Electricity related answers 1 1.45Infrastructure related answers 2 2.90No problem in our environment 46 66.67
Total (n) 69 100
18
coming from the mountain, and another one respondent was despised
with the frequent electricity loss in the area when strong winds came.
Table 26 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (66.67%) have no problems with their living environment.
Table 27 (Q19) An inquiry if respondents have observed any problems regarding the attitudes (behavior)
of the people.
Table 27 shows some of the responses the respondents gave when
asked regarding “mga problemang bumabagabag patungkol sa kaasalan
ng mga tao” (problems regarding peoples’ attitudes/behavior). As shown
in the table, majority of the respondents (81.16%) found no problems
regarding the attitudes of the people within Brgy. Gulod. Eight
respondents (11.59%), however, reported that they had problems about
peoples’ behavior when drunk as some of them (the drunken) would
initiate quarrelling. Two respondents (2.90%) gave answers related to the
“promiscuous” behavior of the present youth saying “iba kasi ang tubo ng
mga kabataan ngayon.” One respondent (1.45%) answered for the
Responses f %Quarrelling caused by too
much drinking of alcohol/ too much drinking of alcohol
8 11.59
People have no care with the lives of others
1 1.45
Problems regarding the behavior of the youth
2 2.90
Noise because of the video-oke 1 1.45Some misunderstanding with
the neighbor1 1.45
No problems 56 81.16Total (n) 69 100
18
insensitivity of some people on the lives of others; another respondent
reported the noise coming from the video-okehan (sing-along booths); and
another respondent gave an answer regarding misunderstanding with their
neighbor.
Table 27 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (11.59%) found no problems regarding the attitudes of the people
within Brgy. Gulod.
Table 28 (Q20) An inquiry if there were other problems within the community which needs immediate attention.
As with the other inquiries regarding problems in Gulod, the no
problem answer dominated the tally in Table 28 having 33 respondents
(47.83%) out of the 69 total numbers of respondents. Eleven respondents
Responses f %Early marriages 1 1.45
The need for the construction of a church
1 1.45
The need for the establishment of a market
1 1.45
The need for the establishment of a Hospital/ improvement in health-care
services
11 15.94
Lack of jobs 3 4.35Demolition of fish pens 1 1.45
Pollution, waste management, sanitation
5 7.25
Poor/ not secured electricity service 9 13.04Excessive alcohol drinking 3 4.35
Non-obedient to the Barangay 1 1.45Gambling 1 1.45
absence of streetlights 1 1.45Tore water pump of GWSS 3 4.35
No problem 33 47.83
N is 69 (to get %, f/nx100)
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(15.94%), on the other hand, identified the absence of a local hospital as a
problem needing an immediate action. Nine respondents (13.04%)
answered for the frequent power disruptions experienced in the area
especially in rainy seasons. Five respondents (7.25%) were worried about
environmental problems of pollution, solid-waste management, and local
sanitation. Three respondents (4.35%) expressed their concerns on the
gradual tearing of GWSS water-pump motor, while another three
respondents were concerned with the lack of job opportunities in their
community. One respondent each (1.45%) raised the issues of the
absence of street lights, gambling, none-obedient to the barangay, and the
demolition of illegal fish pens, saying “kung aalisin nila (ang mga baklad)
bigyan nila ng hanapbuhay ang mga tao.”
Table 28 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Gulod (47.83%) have not seen problems in their community that needs
immediate attention and action.
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Table 29 (Q21) An inquiry as to what solutions the respondents think would solve their problems.
Table 29 shows the summary of a variety of answers gave by the
respondents. As shown in the table, majority of the respondents (79.71%)
have no answer regarding the question since majority of the respondents
in the three previous inquiries have no problems identified in each
respective inquiry. Four respondents (5.80%), however, posed the
“improve electric services (by arranging its lines) and arrange the water
pump” as their solution to the electricity and water problems in Gulod. one
respondents (1.45%) each suggested the following solutions to the
following problems: the establishment of a local hospital as a solution to its
absence in Talim; to listen and obey the parents as a solution to the issue
of youth immorality; unity of the people for collective action against local
Responses f %The establishment of a local
hospital1 1.45
They were the ones (the officials) who knew the solution
1 1.45
To listen and obey the parents 1 1.45Improve electric services and
arrange the water pump4 5.80
No choice about the situation 1 1.45Unity of the people (collective
action)1 1.45
Individual industry 1 1.45Repairing roads 1 1.45
Alternative livelihood activities 1 1.45Send to jail 1 1.45
Collective efforts in cleaning 1 1.45No answer 55 79.71
N is 69 (to get %, f/nx100)
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problems; individual industry against poverty; repairing of roads as a
solution to the bad road conditions in Brgy. Gulod; the giving of alternative
livelihood activities to those people affected by the demolition of fish pens;
sending to jail of quarrelling drunken persons; and collective efforts in
cleaning against the litters and garbage problem of the streets.
Table 29 has been dominated by respondents with no answer to
the question (79.71%) and as such should not be given any
generalizations.
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II.A Summary of Findings (based on the survey research)
Table 1 shows that majority of the families in Gulod (69.57%) were
families of nuclear type.
Table 2 shows that majority of the families in Gulod (57.97%) have the
egalitarian type of family.
Table 3 shows that majority of the families in Gulod (82.61%) belong
to the conjugal type.
Table 4 shows that majority of the families in Brgy. Gulod (55.07%)
have the bilateral type of family.
Tale 5 shows that majority of the families in Brgy. Gulod (57.77%)
have the neolocal type of residence.
Table 6 that majority of the houses at Brgy. Gulod (52.17%) were
made up of semi-concrete construction materials.
Table 7 shows that majority of the families in Gulod (88.41%) were the
owners of their houses.
Table 8 shows that majority of the families in Brgy. Gulod (85.51%)
were the owners of their residential lots.
Table 9 shows that majority of the households in Brgy. Gulod
(78.26%) have the “water-sealed, used exclusively by one household”
type of toilet facilities.
Table 10 shows that majority of the respondents in Gulod (79.71%)
have water line connection services.
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Table 11 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(89.86%) have electric connections.
Table 12 shows that majority of the respondents (72.46%) were
natives of Gulod.
Table 13 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(65.22%) wanted their children to have a good education and to finish
their studies.
Table 14 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(68.12%) have “financial problems” as their most common
encountered problem at home.
Table 15 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(94.20%) were happy and contented with their living conditions there.
Table 16 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(43.48%) were discontented/dissatisfied with the present performance
of the government.
For Table 17: Since majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(43.48%) gave no answer to the question, and the percentages of the
respondents left had been distributed to an array of different answers,
no conclusion relevant to the question posed should be given.
Table 18 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(85.51%) were interested in sending their children to school.
Table 19 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(84.06%) wanted to have a tertiary educational institution (collegiate
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or university level) to be established within Brgy. Gulod (or in Talim
Island).
Table 20 shows that majority of the respondents (97.10%) in Brgy.
Gulod wanted to have a local hospital be established within their
community (within the Talim Island).
Table 21 shows that majority of the respondents (88.41%) in Brgy.
Gulod don’t have problems with their neighbors.
Table 22 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(52.17%) dispose-off their domestic wastes by burning.
Table 23 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(55.07%) do not know/ have no knowledge of waste segregation.
Table 24 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(68.12%) do not practice waste segregation.
Table 25 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(57.97%) were not affiliated to any organizations in the community.
Table 26 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(66.67%) have no problems with their living environment.
Table 27 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(81.16%) found no problems regarding the attitudes of the people
within Brgy. Gulod.
Table 28 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
(47.83%) have not seen problems in their community that needs
immediate attention and action.
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Table 29 has been dominated by respondents with no answer to the
question (79.71%) and as such should not be given any
generalizations.