Breast cancer•Not a single disease.•Type and stage.•Grade/Lympho-vascular invasion•Molecular biology.•ER\PR•Her-2-neu•Other.•Gene expression profiling. (Tumor and Patient)
What causes cancer?•DNA damage. WHY? Always!•Radiation, random, metabolic, toxins.•Free radicals, adducts, breaks. •Incomplete DNA repair.•Error transmission.•Failure to recognize damage.•Failure to initiate programmed cell death.•Lack of immune response.•Suppression of normal genes•Promotion of cellular proliferation
Genetic Issues
• BRCA 1 and 2. • Other p53, AT. PTEN• Cancer susceptibility genes.
– Polymorphisms.– Polygenic risk (the individual’s genetic fingerprint)
Breast Cancer Types
• Basal-like
• Luminal A ER+ “good outcome”
• Luminal B ER+ “bad outcome”
• Normal breast-like
• HER2+/ER-
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The Future
• Microarrays
• Proteomics
• Positron Emission Mammography
• ?Percutaneous Lesion Destruction
• Personalized Therapy