Download - Breast anatomy&physiology
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Breast Revision
Mohd Fit’ri AkmalEzwan Razmie
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Breast Anatomy
• Composed of 15-20 pyramid-shaped lobes.• Separated and supported by Cooper ligaments.• Each lobes contains 20-40 lobules.• Each lobules subdivided into glandular alveoli.• Alveoli composed of secretory acini.• Alveoli empty into lactiferous ducts.• Ducts reach the skin through 9-10 pore in the nipple.• Each lobes and lobules separated and supported by
muscle strands and fatty connective tissue.
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Breast Anatomy
• Supplied by the perforating branches of the internal mammary artery, thoracoacromial artery, internal and lateral thoracic artery and intercostal arteries.
• Venous return follows arterial supply, empty into superior vena cava.
• Lymphatic drainage through axillary nodes and transpectoral nodes.
• Receive sensory innervation from 2nd through 6th intercostal nerves and cervical plexus
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1.Chest wall2.Pectoralis
major3.Lobules4.Nipple5.Areola6.Lactiferous
ducts7.Fatty tissue8.Skin
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Nipple & Areola Anatomy
• Nipple is a pigmented, cylindrical structure.• Usually located at the 4th or 5th intercostal
space.• On surface, lies multiple openings. One from
each lobes.• Areola is the circular pigmented area
surrounding the nipple.• Contains a number of Montgomery glands.
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Nipple & Areola Anatomy
• Nipple and areola contains smooth muscle.• Motor innervation from sympathetic nervous
system.
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Breast PhysiologyStage Development
Fetal Development
Breast tissue begins to develop around the sixth week in utero.
Prepuberty Ducts are present but nonfunctional – resting state.
Puberty Ducts elongate due to estrogen; breast bud appears.
Young Adult Progesterone influence initiation of ovulation; ducts elongate; side branches of ducts and lobular elements form.
Maturity Lobular elements are well formed.
Pregnancy Distal ducts grow and branch; breast enlarge to twice it’s normal weight; increase in mammary blood flow; vascular engorgement and areolar pigmentation.
Menopause Lobules begin to recede, leaving mostly ducts, adipose tissue and fibrous tissue.
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References
1. Pathophysiology 6th edition2. http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/
548921_5