Download - Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
1/61
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
2/61
Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
Arrhenius Acids and Bases
Acidproduces H3O+in water
Basegives OH
Acid-base neutraliation Acid and ase co!ine to produce water and a
salt"E!" H#l$a%& + 'aOH$a%& H(O + 'a#l$a%&
H3O+$a%&+ #l$a%&+ 'a+$a%&+ OH$a%&
(H(O + #l$a%&+ 'a+$a%& Many reactions rese!le t)is wit)out
*or!ing H3O+or OHin solution
(
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
3/61
Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
#as $hase Acid-Base 'ot covered y Arr)enius de*inition
E!" N%&'()* %Cl'()
N%+Cl's)
3
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
4/61
Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
Brnsted-o.ry /efinition Acid proton donor
Base proton acceptorAllows *or gas p)ase acidase reactions
E!" %Cl * %0 %&** Cl2
%Cl 3acid
-onates H+
4ater 3base
Accepts H+.
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
5/61
Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
Con5u(ate Acid-Base $air
pecies t)at di**er y H+
E!" %Cl * %0
%&** Cl2
%Cl 3acid
4ater 3base
%&*
#on0ugate acid o* H(O
Cl2
#on0ugate ase o* H#l
1
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
6/61
Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
ormic Acid is Bronsted Acid
2or!ic acid $H#HO(& is a weak acid
Must consider e%uiliriu!
%C%0'a7)* %0 C%02'a7)* %&
*'a7)
2ocus on *orward reaction
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
7/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
ormate 8on is Bronsted Base
'ow consider reverse reaction
Hydroniu! ion trans*ers H+to #HO(
4
%&1*
* C% 10%C%10 * %01
con0ugate pair
con0ugate pair
acid ase acid ase
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
8/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
earnin( Chec9
con5u(ate base con5u(ate acid
H#l
'H3
H#(H3O(
#'2
H2
5
6denti*y t)e #on0ugate 7artner *or 8ac)
Cl
N%+*
C0%&02
%CN
2
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
9/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
earnin( Chec9
9rite a reaction t)at s)ows t)at H#O3is a
Br:nsted acidw)en reacted wit) OH
H#O3$a%&+ OH$a%&
9rite a reaction t)at s)ows t)at H#O3is a
Br:nsted basew)en reacted wit) H3O+$a%&
H#O3$a%&+ H3O
+$a%&
;
H2CO3(aq)+ H2O()
H2O()+ CO32(aq)
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
10/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
our Turn; 6n t)e *ollowing reaction, identi*y t)e acid/ase
con0ugate pair" $#H3&('H + H(O. $#H 3&('H
++ HO.
A" $#H3&('H / H(O. < $#H3&('H
+
/ HO.
B" $#H3&('H / $#H3&('H
+< H(O./ HO.
#" H(O./ HO.< $#H3&('H
+/ $#H3&('H
-" H(O./ $#H3&('H < $#H3&('H+
/ HO.
=>
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
11/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
Amphoteric
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
12/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
our Turn; 9)ic) o* t)e *ollowing can act as an
a!p)oteric sustance
A" #H3#OOH
B" H#l#" 'O(
-" H7O.(
=(
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
13/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
14/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
=eactions of
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
15/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
$osition of Acid-Base E7uilibrium Acetic acid $H#(H3O(& is .ea9 acid
6oniCes only slig)tly in water%C0%&0'a7)* %0'>) %&
*'a7)* C0%&02'a7)
weaker acid weaker ase stronger acid stronger ase
Hydroniu! ion BetterH+donor t)an acetic acid
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
16/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
our Turn; 6n t)e reaction?
H#l + H(O H3O+ + #l
w)ic) species is t)e weakest ase
A" H#l
B" H(O
#" H3
O+
-" #l
=
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
17/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
8n #eneral
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
18/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
earnin( Chec9
6denti*y t)e pre*erred direction o* t)e *ollowing
reactions?
H3O+$a%&+ #O3
($a%& H#O3$a%&+ H(O$@&
#l$a%&+ H#'$a%& H#l$a%&+ #'$a%&
=5
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
19/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
Trends in Binary Acid
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
20/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
Trends in Binary Acid
-
8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases
21/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E
earnin( Chec9
9)ic) is stronger H( or H(O
#H.or 'H3
H2 or H6
%0