Download - Brain injuries and language disorder
Presented to: Dr. Mona EidPresented by: Yomna ElHossaryMasters in Applied Linguistics ProgramAlexandria University and AASTMT Egypt
Brain Injuries and Language Disorder
{
Agenda
I. Brain’s AnatomyII. Language disorder caused by
brain injuries
I. Brain’s Anatomy
Cerebrum: is a thin layer in the outermost surface of the brain that is responsible for language functioning
4 lobes : frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe
Only frontal and temporal lobes are responsible for language inside the brain
II. Language Disorders caused by Brain Injuries
a. Aphasia b. Dementia
\
“McNeil and Pratt defined aphasia as a multimodal physiological impairment
related to language inefficiency after brain tissue damage in the language dominant
hemisphere, and this impairment also impacts other language or symbol related processes “(2001, p.907, cited in Pompon
2013 , p.1)
a. Aphasia
Injuries due to:Tumors Strokesaffecting brain tissues responsible for language ability
-Causes
Expressive (Broca’s)Receptive ( Wernicke’s)
Global
-Types of Aphasia:-
Broca’s area is responsible for language structuring and production
This kind of language disorder is caused by the damage in the left frontal lobe
Patients suffer from:- - difficulty in responding - using mainly nouns - very short ill-formed sentences e.g.: they may say ;“chair back room lamp” to mean; “ on the chair at the back of the living room beside a lamp”
- Expressive Aphasia(Broca’s / non-fluent)
Wernicke’s area is responsible for language comprehension
This kind of language disorder is caused by the damage in the left temporal lobe
Patients suffer from:- - difficulty in understanding what is said - producing very fluent and quick incomprehensible speech - the use of neologism (new words) e.g.: they may say ;“the book on the trit over there” to mean; “the shelf”
Receptive Aphasia(Wernicke’s/Fluent)
This kind of aphasia is the most severe one as it affects the whole brain areas
Patients suffer from:- - difficulty in understanding what is said - difficulty in producing language
Global Aphasia
According to Alzheimer's Association (2016) ,the word dementia describes a set of symptoms that may include
memory loss and difficulties with thinking, problem-solving or
language.
B. Dementia
Injuries due to : tumors, strokes as well as damages in the brain tissues
- Causes
Alzheimer (communication impairment and memory loss)
Fronto-temporal dementia (difficulty with language production and behavior change)
Types that cause language disorder
Brain has lobes responsible for language functioning When these lobes are damaged because of injuries they
cause language disability like; Aphasia and Dementia Aphasia has 3 types :- - Expressive (language production deficiency) - Receptive (language comprehension deficiency) - Global (affecting both production and comprehension)
Dementia has 2 types related to language disorder:- - Alzheimer (affecting memory and communication ability) - Fronto-temporal (affecting language production and behavior)
Summary
Labreche, T., Plotkin, A., Szilva, M. .(May-June 2016). Empowering Individuals with Aphasia and Visual Impairments through Effective Communication .Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness. 183-187.
Pompon, R. (2013) Examining Inhibition During Spoken Word Production in Aphasia (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved from UMI. (3588841)
Alzeimer’s Association http://www.alz.org/dementia/types-of-dementia.asp https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/aphasia
References
Thank You!