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Botany Resource Report for Plants - USFS – Tongass National Forest – Juneau Ranger District – FINAL REPORT
For: Juneau Hydropower, Inc. - Sweetheart Lake Hydro Project
Koren Bosworth - Bosworth Botanical Consulting –and Richard Carstensen - Discovery Southeast
Galium kamtschaticum
April 2013
©2013 BOSWORTH BOTANICAL CONSULTING
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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 3
2.0 Project Description 4
3.0 Effected Environment 6 3.1 General Vegetation 6
4.0 Rare Plants 11
5.0 Invasive Plants 16
6.0 Pre-field Review of Existing Information 17
7.0 Survey Methods for Rare and Invasive Plant Species 19
8.0 Survey Results 19
9.0 Environmental Consequences 20
10.0 Cumulative Effects 24
10.0 References 28
Appendix A - Alaska Region Sensitive Plants, February 2009 29
Appendix B - Sweetheart Lake Project Plant Survey - Species List. 30
Appendix C - Gilbert Bay Plant List - Species List 36
Appendix D - USFS - Tongass National Forest - GIS Rare Plant Records for Three Rare Species 42
Appendix E - USDA Forest Service Element Occurrence Forms for Carex bicolor, Chrysosplenium
tetrandrum and Galium kamtschaticum 45
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1.0 Introduction
This document is a botanical resource report for rare plant species in support of permit
documents, determination of direct and indirect impacts, and mitigation planning for the
Sweetheart Lake hydroelectric project. For the past two years Juneau Hydropower, Inc.
has been evaluating the Sweetheart Watershed for siting a hydroelectric project (FERC
No. 1356-001).
Forest Service policy requires that a review of programs and activities, through an effects
analysis, be conducted to determine their potential effect on threatened and endangered
species, species proposed for listing and Regional Forester designated sensitive species.
The purpose of this document is to present the analysis and determination of effects of
the alternatives on federally listed species (endangered, threatened, and proposed) and
Forest Service sensitive species (FSM 2670.31-2670.32), rare plant species and invasive
species.
For threatened and endangered species and species proposed for listing, the analysis and
document are referred to as a Biological Assessment, or BA. No plants federally listed or
proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are known or suspected to occur in the
Alaska Region, therefore there will be no further discussion of federally listed or
proposed plants in this document.
A rare plant on the Tongass National Forest is defined as a plant that:
1. is on the Alaska Natural Heritage Program (ANHP) Rare Vascular Plant Tracking List that are known or suspected to occur on the Tongass (ANHP, 2012), is
considered S1 and S2 in State ranking (some S3 are considered), and is not on the
sensitive plant list for the Tongass.
2. is proposed upon consultation and agreement among Tongass ecologists, District botanists, and the Region 10 botanist because of rarity on the Tongass (i.e. plants
with range edges or disjunct populations on the Tongass but not yet given a state
ranking on the ANHP list).
3. has population viability concerns on the Tongass, but is not on the sensitive plant list.
4. has been or is being raised as an issue because of rarity or conservation concerns (through the NEPA process).
The list of rare plants is dynamic; plants may be dropped when they are found to be more
abundant than previously thought, or plants may be added if they are newly discovered in
the state or Forest. Plants may also be added or dropped as their taxonomic status
changes. Generally, the Tongass rare plant list is based on the ANHP rare plant-tracking
list. The USFS and other agencies contribute rare plant occurrence information to the
ANHP for database inclusion. The plants considered sensitive on the Tongass are also on
the ANHP plant-tracking list.
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2.0 Project Description Gilbert Bay is on the mainland of SE Alaska, approximately 35 miles south of Juneau and
just north of Tracy Arm (Figure 1). Sweetheart Creek and Lower Sweetheart Lake are at
the head of Gilbert Bay on the east side. Lower Sweetheart Lake is a long, narrow lake
(5.28 miles x 0.6 miles) two miles up Sweetheart Creek from Gilbert Bay. With this
project I am using a slightly different terminology than is often used in these reports. The
term project area is expanded to include all of the Sweetheart watershed and the potential
transmission line corridor on the western shore of Gilbert Bay. This allows for the
consideration of watershed wide impacts to fish and wildlife. The area around Lower
Sweetheart Lake that would be inundated by the damming of the lake outlet is referred to
as the impact area and is what is used for mapping and calculation of impacted acres in
the lake area (Figure 2). The powerhouse, tailrace, a road and a dock would be located at
the mouth of Sweetheart Creek on the southeast shore of Gilbert Bay.
Figure 1 - Project location map
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Figure 2 - Generalized map of inundated area around Lower Sweetheart Lake (Carstensen 2012).
Figure 3 - Proposed impacts at Lower Sweetheart Lake dam site and the lower Sweetheart Creek, powerhouse,
tailrace, upper road and dock.
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Figure 4 - West side transmission line
alternatives.
The proposed project consists of an
intake structure at Lower Sweetheart
Lake, a dam at the outlet of Lower
Sweetheart Lake which would raise
the level of the lake from 551 feet to
576 feet permanently and then
another 60 feet seasonally, a power
conduit consisting mostly of a tunnel
rather than a road, which considering
the steep terrain would be very
difficult and invasive, and a steel
penstock leading to a buried or
partially buried powerhouse located
above the barrier falls at Sweetheart
Creek. An operator’s house would be
built either at the powerhouse or at
the dock on Gilbert Bay. A road
would be built connecting the
powerhouse and the dock site. At this
time there are two road alternatives:
one is the 1.1 mile forest road that
would stay high on the hillside to just
above the dock and then switchback
down and the other, the1.0 mile
coastal road, would stay low, staying
in the rocky intertidal from the dock
to the north edge of the delta sediments, when it would angle fairly steeply up the hill to
the powerhouse. The forest road would have 3.4 acres of road fill and the beach road
would have 3.0 acres of road fill.
The transmission lines between the dock and the powerhouse would either be overhead
lines (forest route) or buried cable (coastal route). From the dock transmission of
electricity would occur either by a mix of submarine and overhead transmission
traversing the west side of Gilbert Bay or through a submarine cable across Gilbert Bay
to the Snettisham transmission line (Figures 2-4).
3.0 Effected Environment
3.1 General Vegetation The impact area vegetation patterns correspond to the age and the geomorphic,
hydrologic and soils patterns of the specific sites and the overall area. The well-drained
alluvial and colluvial sediments and the steep bedrock slopes are mostly upland
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vegetation. The finer lakeshore and beaver pond edge sediments and flatter basin, hill
slope and terrace areas have wetland vegetation of various types. Following are
vegetation maps of the project area including one using the National Wetlands Inventory
(Cowardin 1976) and the USFS - Tongass National Forest Vegetation Maps with some
specific categories devised to better fit the Sweetheart Lake conditions.
Figure 5 - General vegetation map altered from USFS vegetation type GIS layers
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Figure 6 - NWI map for Gilbert Bay
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Figure 7 - NWI map for Sweetheart Lake area
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Figure 8 - Geology map and bedrock type keys for project area
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4.0 Rare Plants
Following is the ANHP 2012 Global and State Ranked Rare Plant List, edited to include
only species known to occur in or near SE Alaska. There are 110 species on the list.
Scientific Name and Authority Global Rank
State Rank
Abies amabilis Douglas ex J. Forbes G5 S3*
Agoseris aurantiaca (Hooker) Greene var. aurantiaca
G5T4T5 S1S2
Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Rafinesque G5 S2S3Q
Ambrosia chamissonis (Lessing) Greene G4G5 S2
Arnica mollis Hooker G5 S2Q
Arnica ovata Greene G5 S3S4Q
Asplenium trichomanes ssp. quadrivalens D. E. Meyer
G5T5? S2S3
Astragalus robbinsii ssp. harringtonii (Rydb.) Barneby
G5T3 S3
Botrychium ascendens W. H. Wagner G2G3 S2S3
Botrychium robustum Rupr. G4G5 S1S2
Botrychium spathulatum W. H. Wagner G3 S1
Botrychium tunux Stensvold & Farrar G2G3 S2
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Swartz G5 S3
Botrychium yaaxudakeit Stensvold & Farrar
G2 S2
Brasenia schreberi J. F. Gmel. G5 S1*
Cardamine angulata Hook. G5 S1S2
Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. G5 S1
Carex adelostoma V. I. Krecz. G4 S1S2*
Carex athrostachya Olney G5 S1*
Carex atratiformis Britt. G5 S3*
Carex bebbii Olney ex Fernald G5 S1S2*
Carex hoodii Boott G5 S1*
Carex interior L. H. Bailey G5 S3*
Carex phaeocephala Piper G4 S3*
Carex preslii Steud. G4 S1*
Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. var. stipata G5 S2*
Castilleja hyetophila Pennell G4G5 S2S3*
Castilleja miniata ssp. dixonii (Fernald) Kartesz
G5TNR SU*
Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv. G5 S1S2
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Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. P. C. Barton ssp. umbellata
G5T5 S2*
Crassula aquatica (L.) Schönland G5 S1S2
Crataegus suksdorfii (Sarge) Kruschke GNR SH*
Cryptogramma stelleri (S. G. Gmel.) Prantl G5 S3S4
Cypripedium montanum Douglas ex Lindl. G4 S2*
Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight
G5TNR S1*
Danthonia spicata (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.
G5 S1
Douglasia laevigata A. Gray G3 SP*
Draba incerta Payson G5 S3
Draba praealta Greene G5 S1Q
Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald
G5 S2S3*
Festuca occidentalis Hook. G5 S1
Gentianella propinqua ssp. aleutica (Cham. & Schltdl.) J. M. Gillett
G5T2T4 S3*
Geum aleppicum ssp. strictum (Aiton) R. T. Clausen
G5T5 S3*
Geum schofieldii Calder & R. L. Taylor GNR SPQ*
Glehnia littoralis ssp. leiocarpa (Math.) Hult.
G5T5 S2S3
Glyceria leptostachya Buckley G3 S3
Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. G5 S3
Isoetes occidentalis L. F. Hend. G4G5 S3S4*
Isolepis cernua (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. var. cernua
G5 S1*
Juncus articulatus L. G5 S1S2*
Juncus nodosus L. G5 S1S2*
Juncus tenuis Willd. G5 S2*
Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald G5 S2S3
Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. G5 SH
Ligusticum calderi Math. & Const. G3G4 S2
Lobelia dortmanna L. G4G5 S1S2
Luzula comosa E. Meyer G4G5 S1*
Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub. G5 S3*
Lycopus uniflorus Michx. G5 S3S4*
Maianthemum racemosum ssp. amplexicaule (Nutt.) LaFrankie
G5 S1*
Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link G5 S3*
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Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Swartz ssp. monophyllos
GNRTNR SU*
Malaxis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda (A. Gray) F. Morris & E. A. Eames
GNRTNR SU*
Melica subulata (Griseb.) Scribn. G5 S2S3
Micranthes charlottae (Calder & Savile) GNR S2*
Micranthes occidentalis (S. Watson) Small G5 S1*
Micranthes tolmiei (Torr. & A. Gray) Brouillet & Gornall
GNR S2S3*
Mimulus lewisii Pursh G5 S2S3*
Mitella nuda L. G5 S1*
Myriophyllum farwellii Morong G5 S1*
Packera subnuda var. moresbiensis Calder & R. L. Taylor) Trock
GNRT3T4 S3
Phyllodoce empetriformis (Sm.) D. Don G5 S1S2*
Phyllospadix serrulatus Rupr. ex Asch. G4 S3*
Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze G5 S2*
Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson
G5T5 SU*
Piperia unalascensis (Spreng.) Rydb. G5 S3*
Plagiobothrys orientalis (L.) I. M. Johnst. G3G4 S3
Platanthera orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl. G5 S3S4*
Poa macrantha Vasey G5 S1S2
Podagrostis humilis (Vasey) Björkman G5 S3
Polygonum fowleri B. L. Robinson ssp. fowleri
G5TNR S3S4
Polygonum minimum S. Watson G5 S1
Polystichum kruckebergii W. H. Wagner G4 S1*
Polystichum setigerum (K. Presl) K. Presl G3 S3*
Ranunculus orthorhynchus Hook var. orthorhynchus
G5T5 S2S3
Ranunculus pacificus (Hultén) L.D. Benson G3 S3S4
Romanzoffia unalaschcensis Cham. G3 S3S4
Rorippa curvisiliqua (Hook.) Bess. ex Britt. G5 S1S2
Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook. G5 S2S3*
Salix planifolia Pursh G5T5 S2*
Salix prolixa Andersson G5 S1
Saussurea americana D. C. Eaton G5 S2S3
Saxifraga adscendens ssp. oregonensis (Raf.) Bacig.
G5T4T5 S2S3
Schoenoplectus subterminalis (Torr.) Soják
G4G5 S2*
Sedum divergens S. Watson G5? S1
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Sedum lanceolatum Torr. var. lanceolatum
G5T3T5 SP
Sedum oreganum Nutt. var. oreganum G5TNR SH
Sidalcea hendersonii S. Watson G3 S1*
Stachys mexicana Benth. G5 S1*
Suaeda calceoliformis (Hook.) Moq. G5 S1S2
Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S. F. Blake G5 S2
Taxus brevifolia Nutt. G4G5 S3*
Thalictrum minus ssp. kemense (Fr.) Cajander
GNR S2
Thalictrum occidentale A. Gray G5 S2S3
Tiarella trifoliata var. laciniata (Hook.) Wheelock
G5T5? S3*
Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. G5 S2
Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie G5? S3S4*
Viola sempervirens Greene G5 S1*
Zannichellia palustris L. ssp. palustris G5 S3S4*
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Following is the Tongass National Forest, 2009 Rare Plant List
TNF Rare Plant List
Abies lasiocarpa
Aquilegia flavescens
Arctophila fulva
Asplenium trichomanes
Brasenia schreberi
Bromus pacificus
Calamagrostis deschampsoides
Carex arctiformis
Carex bicolor
Carex membranacea
Chimaphila umbellata
Chrysosplenium tetrandrum
Clintonia uniflora
Cyrpipedium montanum
Cypripedium guttatum
Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens
Festuca subulata
Galium kamtschaticum
Gaultheria shallon
Goodyeara oblongifolia
Isoetes occidentalis
Isoetes truncata
Juncus articulatus
Juncus dudleyi
Juncus falcatus var. sitchensis
Juncus triglumis var. albescens
Juncus wahlenbergii
Listera convallarioides
Luzula kjellmaniana
Lycopodiella inundata
Melica subulata
Piperia unalascensis
Platanthera orbiculata
Poa macrocalyx
Poa x norbergii
Poa psuedoabbreviata
Polysticum andersonii
Polysticum kwakiutlii
Polysticum munitum
Potamogeton robbinsii
Rannunculus occidenntalis var. nelsonii
Rannunculus pacificus
Rannunculus pallasii
Salix setchelliana
Saxifraga serpyllifolia
Saxifraga tolmiei
Schaenoplectus subterminalis
Sedum divergens
Tephroseris atropurpurea
Tofieldia coccinea
Tofieldia pusilla
Viola biflora ssp. carlottae
Woodsia alpina
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5.0 Invasive Plants
Tongass National Forest High Priority Invasive Plants.
High Priority Invasive Plants--actively controlling these plants where feasible
Scientific Name Common Name
Rank
0-100
(low-
high)1
Alliara petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande garlic mustard 70
Centaurea biebersteinii DC spotted knapweed 86
Cirsium arvensis L. Scop. Canada thistle 76
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. bull thistle, common thistle 61
Hieracium aurantiacum L. and Hieracium
caespitosum
orange hawkweed, devil's paintbrush & meadow
hawkweed 79
Hieracium lachenalii K.C. Gmel. Common hawkweed 57
Linaria vulgaris Miller yellow toadflax, butter and eggs 69
Senecio jacobaea L. ragwort, stinking willie 63
Sonchus arvensis L. ssp. uliginosis (Bieb.) Nyman perennial sowthistle, moist sowthistle 73
Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb & Zucc. Japanese knotweed 87
High Priority Invasive Plants—actively controlling these plants only in certain locations
Brassica rapa field mustard 50
Brassica rapa var. rapa purple-topped turnip 50
Cotula coronopifolia L. common brassbuttons 42
Crepis tectorum L. narrow-leaf hawk's beard 56
Galeopsis bifida Boenn. and G. tetrahit L. split-lip hemp-nettle 50
Hieracium umbellatum L. narrow-leaved hawkweed 51
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. oxeye daisy, white daisy 61
Melilotus alba Medikus white sweetclover 81
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam yellow sweetclover, king's crown 69
Phalaris arundicacea L. reed canarygrass, canarygrass 83
Polygonum convolvulus black bindweed 50
Tanacetum vulgare common tansy 60
Watch list--plants not known to occur on TNF, but occur elsewhere and are highly invasive
Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Beauv. false-brome 70
Carduus nutans L., C. acanthoides L., C.
pycnocephalus L., C. tenuiflorus W. Curtis
musk thistle, plumeless thistle, Italian thistle,
slender-flowered thistle 61
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier giant hogweed 81
Hydrilla verticillata (L. fil.) Roy Hydrilla 80
Lythrum salicaria L. & L. virgatum L. purple loosestrife, spike loosetrife 84
Potentilla recta L. sulphur cinquefoil 57
Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees Himalayan blackberry 77
Spartina alterniflora Loisel, S. angelica C.E. Hubbard,
S. densiflora Brongn., S. patens (Ait.) Muhls
Atlantic cordgrass, saltmarsh grass, smooth
cordgrass 86
Zostera japonica Aschers. & Graebn. dwarf eelgrass 53 1--Ranking designated by the Alaska Natural Heritage Program; see
http://akweeds.uaa.alaska.edu/akweeds_ranking_page.htm for more information
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6.0 Pre-field Review of Existing Information
A pre-field review of existing information concerning the plants listed above was
conducted for the project area. This review included E-Flora BC, the USFS - Alaska
Region Sensitive Species List, Alaska Natural Heritage Program (AKNHP) data base
records for 2008 and 2012, ALA-ARCTOS database, the Illustrated Flora of British
Columbia and Hulten’s Flora of Alaska. The USFS has done field surveys for sensitive
species in the area of the project and presumably if rare species were found during the
surveys they were noted.
Figure 9 - USFS survey records for the Port Snettisham and Tracy Arm area.
There is a small section of the potential impact area along the proposed transmission line
route, shown on the geology map to have ultra-mafic rock. This part of the impact area
was surveyed intensively for Polystichum kruckebergii and Piperia unalascensis and
other rare species that are found primarily on ultramafic rock.
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There is a section of the potential impact area listed on the geology map to have a small
percentage of low-grade carbonates mixed in with gneiss: PzZyp Paragneiss and marble
(Paleozoic and Precambrian): Sandwiched between 2 granitic units in the central
portion of Sweetheart Lake, from Marble Point to Harlequin Narrows. In Coast
Mountains, from Atlin to Ketchikan, includes dominantly well foliated, well layered,
locally lineated fine to coarse grained quartz-biotite-feldspar gneiss with lesser schist.
Some quartzite layers retain fine lamination textures. Association with marble suggests
marine protoliths. Rock types alternate on a scale of a meter or less. Amphibolite to
granulite facies.
This part of the impact area was surveyed intensively and checked for carbonates but
neither carbonate rock nor any species restricted to carbonate rock were found. We
determined that very little of the carbonates outcropped in the area - it was mostly the
non-carbonate paragneiss.
All of the impact areas habitats were surveyed but there were several habitats that were
surveyed more intensively: Sweetheart Creek banks and bars (Romanzoffia
unalaschensis, Papaver alboroseum), openings at small tribs into the creek, beach /forest
ecotone (Siddalcea hendersonii, Cypripedium montanum), low beach meadow
(Botrychium tunux, Botrychium yaaxudakeit), lake shore, stream mouths (especially
diverse were the high-volume streams that come straight down from alpine/subalpine
areas - we found a number of alpine/subalpine species in these areas), early seral to
mature wet meadows, gravelly stream bars and lake shores, toe of slope forested
peatland, disturbed areas around older beaver ponds, and slope peatland/forest ecotones.
By far the largest percentage of the impact area is avalanche slope dominated by Alnus
viride, Salix sitchensis, Oplopanax horridus, Athyrium felix-femina and Sambucus
racemosa and the forest on steep bedrock slopes dominated by Tsuga heterophylla,
Picea sitchensis, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, Menziesia ferruginea, Vaccinium
ovalifolium, Oplopanax horridus, Polysticum braunii, and Dryopteris expansa. The
shorelines of these habitats were surveyed , intensively in areas where streams came
down and scattered transects done up to 85 feet in these habitats.
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7.0 Survey Methods for Rare and Invasive Plant Species
Botanists:
Koren Bosworth - Bosworth Botanical Consulting and
Richard Carstensen - Discovery Southeast
SURVEY DATE LAST NAME AND FIRST NAME OF EXAMINERS FOR EACH VISIT
9/5/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
9/6/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
9/7/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
9/16/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
9/17/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
9/18/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
6/21/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
6/22/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
6/23/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
6/24/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
7/14/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
7/15/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
7/16/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
7/17/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
7/18/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
7/19/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
8/9/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
8/10/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
General Survey Intensity - Level 5 - Focused (Intuitive Controlled)
Habitats with a high likelihood of rare species such as high velocity stream deltas on Sweetheart Lake and uplifted beach habitat on the Sweetheart Delta, were
surveyed at Level 6.
The more uniform, stable and extensive forest habitat was surveyed at a level 3.
8.0 Survey Results
Two site survey forms
No USFS Sensitive plant species were found.
No invasive species were found.
No ANHP-2012-listed rare plants were found.
Three TNF-listed rare plants were found:
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Carex bicolor Bell. ex All. The USFS - TNF GIS files show no records. (Appendix D) Range - circumpolar - North America, Greenland, Iceland, Eurasia. In Alaska,
ALA-ARCTOS records show Carex bicolor as being uncommon in coastal and
mountainous areas of the state and rare in other areas. In SE Alaska there are five
records, two in Glacier Bay (1967-68), two in Mendenhall Recreation area(1993)
and one in Sitkoh Bay, Chichagof Island (2006).
Habitat - Moist to wet meadows, stream sides, seepage slopes, and sandy river
bars. Open or shaded habitats.
Element occurrence form is in Appendix E.
Chrysosplenium tetrandrum (Lund ex Malmgr.) Th. Fr.
The USFS - TNF GIS files show seven records for Chrysosplenium tetrandrum. (details in Appendix D)
Range - Circumpolar - North America, Greenland, Iceland, Eurasia. In Alaska,
ALA - ARCTOS records show Chrysosplenium tetrandrum as being common in
Alaska north of Glacier Bay and rare in SE Alaska. In SE Alaska there are four
records for Chichagof Island (1994-2004) and one record for Skagway (2002).
Habitat - Moist to wet shady banks, rock crevices, mossy seeps, and shorelines
in montane and subalpine zones.
Element occurrence form is in Appendix E.
Galium kamtschaticum Steller ex Schult. & Schult.
The USFS - TNF GIS files show 51 records for Galium kamtschaticum. (details in Appendix D)
Range - Circum-North Pacific - Kamchatka, Alaska, BC and NW US. In Alaska
ALA - ARCTOS records show Galium kamtschaticum scattered and rare in
south coastal areas north of Glacier Bay and nine records on Chichagof Island
(1980- 2007), two records on Baronof Island (2004, 2007), one Taku Inlet record
(2012), one Montana Ck. record (1941), and three southern SE Alaska records
(Eva Creek, Wilson Arm) (1982, 1993).
Habitat - Moist stream banks, thickets, forests and talus slopes in the lowlands
and montane zones.
Element occurrence form is in Appendix E.
9.0 Environmental Consequences
Habitat
Project Impacts Direct Effects Indirect Effects
Sweetheart
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Habitat
Project Impacts Direct Effects Indirect Effects
Sweetheart Lake
Beaver ponds and pond
edges
Inundation 25ft.
permanently and 60 more
feet seasonally
Flooding of
potential
rare/sensitive
plant habitat1
Stream banks, bars and
deltas
Inundation 25ft.
permanently and 60 more
feet seasonally
Flooding of
potential habitat
for Carex
bicolor, Papaver
alboroseum and
Romanzoffia
unalaschensis
Yazoo channels- forested
wetland
Inundation 25ft.
permanently and 60 more
feet seasonally
Flooding of
potential rare
plant habitat -
Papaver
alboroseum and
Romanzoffia
unalaschensis
Avalanche and alluvial fan
channels at lake level
Inundation 25ft.
permanently and 60 more
feet seasonally
Flooding of
potential rare
plant habitat
Papaver
alboroseum and
Romanzoffia
unalaschensis -
Steep slope mixed evergreen
forest
Inundation 25ft.
permanently and 60 more
feet seasonally
Flooding of
potential
rare/sensitive
plant habitat
Dam and tunnel
construction site
Inundation 25ft.
permanently and 60 more
feet seasonally
Flooding of
potential
rare/sensitive
plant habitat
Construction site for dam Clearing and Disturbance and
1 Potential rare species from the ANHP and TNF list are listed on pages 12-16.
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Habitat
Project Impacts Direct Effects Indirect Effects
and tunnel entrance filling of dam
and tunnel site,
construction of
dam and tunnel
equipment movement
could be vector for
spread of invasive
species. Potential for
acid rock drainage
from road fill
Slope peatlands Inundation 25ft.
permanently and 60 more
feet seasonally
Flooding of
potential
rare/sensitive
plant habitat –
Lycopodiella
inundata
Valley floor young Sitka
spruce/cottonwood/devils
club/Sitka alder floodplain
forest
Inundation 25ft.
permanently and 60 more
feet seasonally
Flooding of
potential
rare/sensitive
plant habitat –
Cypripidium
montanum
Floodplain/outwash Sitka
alder/spiny woodfern thicket
Inundation 25ft.
permanently and 60 more
feet seasonally
Flooding of
potential
rare/sensitive
plant habitat
Cypripidium
montanum -
Hillside bench forested
wetland
Inundation 25ft.
permanently and 60 more
feet seasonally
Flooding of
potential
rare/sensitive
plant habitat
Sweetheart Creek
Sweetheart Creek channel
and splash zone
Damming of flow Dewatering of
channel for part
of growing
season. Potential
habitat for
Romanzoffia
unalascensis
Create a raw
disturbed habitat
more susceptible to
invasion by invasives
Sweetheart Creek Delta
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Habitat
Project Impacts Direct Effects Indirect Effects
Area
Intertidal Intertidal road option
would go from dock to
north edge of delta in this
habitat.
Road fill on
rocky intertidal -
potential
introduction of
invasive species
by construction
equipment.
Slight change in tidal
flow and sediment
retention because of
damming effect of
elevated fill
Uplifted beach meadow Small section of the lower
road would cross this
habitat - 25 ft wide road
corridor
Road fill -
destruction of
habitat -
Sidalcea
hendersonii,
Botrychium spp.
Probable rerouting of
fishermen off
multiple routes
through the intertidal
and uplift area to the
road surface reducing
impacts those areas.
Uplift Sitka spruce, gaps
and shrubby edges
Small section of the lower
road would cross this
habitat - 25 ft wide road
corridor and 150 ft. tree
clearing for transmission
line.
Road fill, tree
clearing -
destruction of
habitat for
Sidalcea
hendersonii,
Cypripidium
montanum and
others.
Probable rerouting of
fishermen off
multiple routes
through the forest to
the road surface
reducing impacts to
surrounding areas.
Sweetheart Creek banks Tailrace constructed from
powerhouse to creek edge
Clearing and
filling of tailrace
route - potential
habitat for
Romanzoffia
unalascensis
Disturbance and
equipment movement
could be vector for
spread of invasive
species.
Possible increase
in # of fishermen
because of ease
of access
More physical
impacts to creek
banks -
Hillside W.
hemlock/yellow-cedar/Sitka
spruce forest
Construction of: 25 ft wide
access road and clearing of
150' transmission line
Road fill, tree
clearing -
destruction of
Disturbance and
equipment movement
could be vector for
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Habitat
Project Impacts Direct Effects Indirect Effects
clearance, powerhouse and
tunnel entrance.
habitat for
Cypripidium
montanum and
others.
spread of invasive
species. Potential for
acid rock drainage
from road fill.
Increased blowdown
because of clearing.
Hillside/bench forested
wetland
Construction of: 25 ft wide
access road and clearing of
150' transmission line
clearance, powerhouse and
tunnel entrance.
Road fill, tree
clearing
Disturbance and
equipment movement
could be vector for
spread of invasive
species. Potential for
acid rock drainage
from road fill
Increased blowdown
because of clearing..
West Gilbert Bay -
transmission line
Hillside W.
hemlock/yellow-cedar/Sitka
spruce forest
Transmission line tower
placement and tree clearing
Small footprint
tower foundation
constructed and
trees cleared
Increased blowdown
because of clearing.
Hillside bench peatlands Transmission line tower
placement and tree clearing
Small footprint
tower foundation
constructed
Increased blowdown
because of clearing.
10.0 Cumulative Effects
According to the Council on Environmental Quality’s regulations for implementing
NEPA (50 C.F.R. 1508.7), a cumulative effect is the effect on the environment that
results from the incremental effect of the action when added to other past, present, and
reasonably foreseeable future actions, regardless of what agency (federal or non-federal)
or persons undertakes such other actions. Cumulative effects can result from individually
minor but collectively significant actions taking place over a period of time, including
hydropower and other land and water development activities.
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Geographic Scope
The project area is located within the Holkham Bay Complex Ecological Subsection of
Southeast Alaska. The Boundary Ranges Icefields Ecological Subsection is just to the
east of the project area and includes the Coast Range and the headwaters of the Whiting
River and Tracy Arm just to the north and south of the project area. The geographic
scope of analysis for this report and for rare plant species will be defined as the Holkham
Bay Complex from Taku Inlet south to Holkham Bay.
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Impacts
Human activities within this geographic area that may cumulatively affect rare plant
species include: (1) past and potential mining operations in the area (2) present and
potential hydroelectric projects at Snettisham, Lake Dorothy and Sweetheart Lake (3)
visitor pressure from the personal use sockeye fishery at Sweetheart Creek (4) small scale
commercial shrimping operations in Gilbert Bay
At present there are no other planned hydroelectric projects within this geographic area.
There is relatively intense use of the SE Gilbert Bay area because of a personal use
fishery for the hatchery-released sockeye salmon that return to the mouth of Sweetheart
Creek in the mid to late summer. The fishing is concentrated in a cascading 250-yard
stretch of the lower creek, and most fish are taken from three pools. Fishermen anchor in
the bay and make their way to the creek along the upper beach meadow, through the
forest and up along the creek. There is a main trail through the uplift spruce forest but
many others have been beaten down through the intertidal marsh and the uplift meadows
surrounding the forest. The winding creek- side trail is brushy, steep, muddy and
frequented by brown bears who are there for the sockeyes and the pinks and chums that
also spawn in the mouth of the creek. Fish and Game records indicate that the number of
permittees for the fishery varies from 100 to 400 and the number of fish caught from
2,500 to 6,000.
The human users can bring in invasive species on their boats, shoes and gear and
invasives can be spread further inland by the bears that intersect with the fisherman on
the delta and the lower creek and then go up the hill and along the beach to eat and bed
down. A regulation was adopted by the Alaska Board of Fisheries in 2010 banning the
use of foot gear with absorbent felt or other fibrous material on the while fishing in the
fresh waters of Alaska, to reduce the potential for introduction and spread of invasive
organisms, including plants, into Alaska waters.
Degradation of these beach meadow and forest ecotone habitats could affect potential
habitat for Henderson's checker-mallow, Mountain lady's slipper orchid and three or four
of the other sensitive and rare species found in the beach meadows and nearby habitats.
In the modern context, no cumulative risk analysis is complete without reference to
global climate change. Conservation biology frequently emphasizes the importance of
adaptation, including maintaining resilience in ecosystem function, as a means of
sustaining representative plant populations including rare plant species. Also, the
temperate coastal rainforest is thought to be vulnerable to an increase in catastrophic fire,
to the extent that it could replace wind-throw as a determinate of ecosystem structure.
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Furthermore, a climate-induced northern shift in ecotones is predicted to bring insect
infestations at a scale heretofore unknown in the region.
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10.0 References
AKNHP. 2008 & 2012. Alaska Natural Heritage Program Rare Plant Species Lists.
(http://aknhp.uaa.alaska.edu/botany/rare-plants-species-lists)
Douglas, G.W., G.B. Straley, D. Meidinger and J. Pojar. 2001. Illustrated Flora of British
Columbia, Volume 7 - Monocotyledons (Orchidaceae through Zosteraceae). British
Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Ministry of Forests. 379 pages.
Douglas, G.W., G.B. Straley, D. Meidinger and J. Pojar. 2001. Illustrated Flora of British
Columbia, Volume 6 - Monocotyledons (Acoraceae through Najadaceae). British
Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Ministry of Forests. 361 pages.
Douglas, G.W., G.B. Straley, D. Meidinger and J. Pojar. 2000. Illustrated Flora of British
Columbia, Volume 5 - Dicotyledons (Salicaceae through Zygophyllaceae) and
Pteridophytes. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Ministry of
Forests. 389 pages.
Douglas, G.W., G.B. Straley, D. Meidinger and J. Pojar. 1999. Illustrated Flora of British
Columbia, Volume 4 - Dicotyledons (Orobanchaceae through Rubiaceae). British
Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Ministry of Forests. 427 pages.
Douglas, G.W., G.B. Straley, D. Meidinger and J. Pojar. 1999. Illustrated Flora of British
Columbia, Volume 3 - Dicotyledons (Diapensiaceae through Onagraceae). British
Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Ministry of Forests. 423 pages.
Douglas, G.W., G.B. Straley, D. Meidinger and J. Pojar. 1998. Illustrated Flora of British
Columbia, Volume 2 - Dicotyledons (Balsaminaceae through Cucurbitaceae). British
Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Ministry of Forests. 401 pages.
Douglas, G.W., G.B. Straley, D. Meidinger and J. Pojar. 1998. Illustrated Flora of British
Columbia. Volume 1 - Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons (Aceraceae through Asteraceae).
British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Ministry of Forests. 436
pages.
Hultén, E. 1968. Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories. Stanford University Press,
Stanford, California.
E-Flora BC 2012. http://www.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/eflora/index.shtml
Pojar, J. and A. MacKinnon (eds.). 1994. Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast.
Washington, Oregon, British Columbia and Alaska. Lone Pine Publishing, Redmond,
Washington. 527 pages.
UAMNH. 2010. University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium. Specimen search
available at http://arctos.database.museum/SpecimenSearch.cfm. Accessed March, 2012.
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Appendix A - Alaska Region Sensitive Plants, February 2009
Common Name Scientific Name Occurrence CNF TNF
Vascular Plant
Eschscholtz's little nightmare Aphragmus eschscholtzianus
Y S
Moosewort fern Botrychium tunux S Y
Spatulate moonwort fern Botrychium spathulatum S Y
Moonwort, no common name Botrychium yaaxudakeit S Y
Edible thistle Cirsium edule var. macounii
Y
Sessileleaf scurvygrass Cochlearia sessilifolia S Spotted lady’s slipper Cypripedium guttatum Y Mountain lady’s slipper Cypripedium montanum S Y
Large yellow lady’s slipper Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens
S Y
Calder’s loveage Ligusticum calderi S Y
Pale poppy Papaver alboroseum Y S
Alaska rein orchid Piperia unalascensis S Y
Lesser round-leaved orchid Platanthera orbiculata Y
Kruckeberg’s swordfern Polystichum kruckebergii Y
Unalaska mist-maid Romanzoffia unalaschcensis
Y Y
Henderson’s checkermallow Sidalcea hendersonii Y
Dune tansy Tanacetum bipinnatum subsp. huronense
S Y
Lichen Lichen, no common name Lobaria amplissima S Y
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Appendix B - Sweetheart Lake Project Plant Survey - Species List. NRCS Code Scientific Name Life form Habitat
ACMIB Achillea millefolium var. borealis herb lake shore gravel
ACRU2 Actea rubra herb forest edge
AGME3 Agrostis mertensii graminoid lake shore gravel
ALVIS Alnus viridis ssp sinuata shrub avalanche slope
ANMA Anaphalis margaritacea herb avalanche slope
ANPO Andromeda polifolia sub-shrub peatland
ANRI Anemone richardsonii herb stream delta
ANGE2 Angelica genuflexa herb lake shore meadow
ANLU Angelica lucida herb lake shore meadow
AQFO Aquilegia formosa herb lake shore meadow
ARLY2 Arabis lyrata herb lake shore gravel
ARLA2 Arctagrostis latifolia graminoid lake edge
ARAM2 Arnica amplexicaulis herb lake shore meadow
ARLA8 Arnica latifolia herb lake shore meadow
ARAR9 Artemisia arctica herb avalanche slope
ARDI8 Aruncus dioicus herb lake shore meadow
ATFI Athyrium felix-femina fern avalanche slope
BLSP Blechnum spicant fern steep forest
BORO Boschniakia rossica parasite avalanche slope
CACA4 Calamagrostis canadensis graminoid lake shore meadow
CANO9 Callitropsis nootkatensis tree all
CALE4 Caltha leptosepala herb lake shore meadow
CARO2 Campanula rotundifolia herb avalanche slope
CAOL Cardamine oligosperma herb lake shore gravel
CAAN10 Carex anthoxanthea graminoid peatland
CABI4 Carex bicolor* graminoid lake shore gravel
CABR15 Carex brunnescens graminoid wet meadow
CACA11 Carex canescens graminoid wet meadow
CACA12 Carex capillaris graminoid lake shore gravel
CAFL4 Carex flava graminoid wet meadow
CALA10 Carex lachenalii graminoid wet meadow
CALA13 Carex laeviculmis graminoid peatland
CALE8 Carex lenticularis graminoid lake edge
CALI7 Carex limosa graminoid peatland
CALI Carex livida graminoid peatland
CAMA11 Carex macrochaeta graminoid lake shore meadow
CAME6 Carex mertensii graminoid lake shore meadow
CAPA19 Carex pauciflorus graminoid peatland
CAPL6 Carex pluriflora graminoid peatland
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CASA10 Carex saxatilis graminoid wet meadow
CASC10 Carex scirpoidea graminoid wet meadow
CASI3 Carex sitchensis graminoid lake edge
CAUT Carex utriculata graminoid lake edge
CAVI5 Carex viridula graminoid wet meadow
CAME7 Cassiope mertensiana sub-shrub peatland
CAMI12 Castilleja miniata herb lake shore meadow
CEBE2 Cerastium beeringianum herb lake shore gravel
CHAN9 Chamerion angustifolium herb lake shore meadow
CHLA13 Chamerion latifolium herb lake shore gravel
CHTE3 Chrysosplenium tetrandrum* herb lake edge
CIDO Cicuta douglasii herb wet meadow
CIAL Circaea alpina herb forested wetland
CLPY? Cladothamnus pyroliflorus shrub peatland
CLSA2 Claytonia sarmentosa herb stream delta
CLSI2 Claytonia siberica herb stream delta
COPA28 Comarum palustre aquatic wet meadow
COGM Conioselinum gmelinii (chinense) herb lake shore meadow
COAS Coptis asplenifolium herb forest
CPTR2 Coptis trifolia herb peatland
COTR18 Corallorhiza trifida parasite young forest
COCA13 Cornus canadensis sub-shrub forest
COSE16 Cornus stolenifera shrub young forest
COSU4 Cornus suecica sub-shrub peatland
CYFR2 Cystopteris fragilis fern forest edge
DECA18 Deschampsia caespitosa graminoid lake shore meadow
DOJE1 Dodecatheon jeffreyi herb lake shore meadow
DOPU Dodecatheon pulchellum herb peatland
DREX2 Dryopteris expansa graminoid forest
ELPA3 Eleocharis palustris graminoid peatland
EMNI Empetrum nigrum sub-shrub peatland
EPILO Epilobium herb lake edge
EPAN4 Epilobium anagalidifolium herb lake edge
EQAR Equisetum arvense pteridophyte all
EQFL Equisetum fluviatile pteridophyte wet meadow
EQPA Equisetum palustre pteridophyte wet meadow
EQPR Equisetum pratense pteridophyte young forest
EQVA Equisetum variegatum pteridophyte lake edge
ERHU Erigeron humilis herb lake shore gravel
ERPE3 Erigeron peregrinus herb lake shore meadow
ERAN6 Eriophorum angustifolium graminoid peatland
ERRU2 Eriophorum russeolum graminoid peatland
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FERU2 Festuca rubra graminoid lake shore gravel
FRCA5 Fritillaria camschatcensis herb lake shore meadow
GAAP2 Galium aparine herb avalanche slope
GATR2 Galium trifidum herb lake shore meadow
GATR3 Galium triflorum herb lake shore meadow
GAKA Galium kamtschaticum* herb lake edge
GEDO Gentiana douglasiana herb peatland
GELI2 Geocaulon lividum sub-shrub peatland
GECA6 Geum calthifolium herb peatland
GEMA4 Geum macrophyllum herb lake shore gravel
GYDR Gymnocarpium dryopteris fern forest
HAST3 Harrimanella stelleriana sub-shrub peatland
HEMA80 Heracleum maximum herb lake shore meadow
HEGL5 Heuchera glabra herb young forest
HITR2 Hieracium triste herb lake shore gravel
HIOD Hierochloe odorata graminoid lake shore meadow
HUSEC Huperzia selago pteridophyte forest
IRSE12 Iris setosa beach iris lake shore meadow
JUAL4 Juncus alpinoarticulatis graminoid lake shore gravel
JUAR2 Juncus arcticus graminoid lake shore gravel
JUBI2 Juncus biglumis graminoid lake shore gravel
JUEF Juncus effusus graminoid beaver pond
JUME3 Juncus mertensianus graminoid beaver pond
KAPO Kalmia polifolia sub-shrub peatland
KUCO Kumlienia cooleyae (Ranunculus cooleyae) herb stream delta
LEGR Ledum groenlandicum sub-shrub peatland
LEPY Leptarrhena pyrolifolia herb lake shore meadow
LICA10 Listera caurina herb forest
LICO6 Listera cordata herb forest
LUNO Lupinus nootkatensis herb lake shore gravel
LUMU2 Luzula multiflora graminoid beaver pond
LUPA4 Luzula parviflora graminoid lake shore gravel
LYAN2 Lycopodium annotinum pteridophyte forest
LYAM3 Lysichiton americanus herb forested wetland
MADI Maianthemum dilatata herb forest
MAFU Malus fusca tree young forest
METR3 Menyanthes trifoliata herb peatland
MEFE Menziesia ferrunginea shrub all
MIPE Mitella pentandra herb stream delta
MOUN2 Moneses uniflora herb forest
NECR2 Nephrophyllidium crista-galli herb peatland
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NULUP Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala aquatic peatland
OPHO Oplopanax horridus shrub avalanche slope
ORSE Orthilia secunda herb young forest
OSPU Osmorhiza purpurea herb forest
OXDI3 Oxyria digyna herb stream delta
PAPA19 Packera pauciflora herb lake shore gravel
PAFI3 Parnassia fimbriata herb lake shore gravel
PAPA8 Parnassia palustris herb stream delta
PEOR Pedicularis ornithorhyncha herb lake shore gravel
PEFR5 Petasites frigidus herb stream delta
PHCO24 Phegopteris connectilis fern forest
PHAL2 Phleum alpinum graminoid lake shore gravel
PHGL6 Phyllodoce glanduliflora sub-shrub peatland
PISI Picea sitchensis tree forest
PIVU Pinguicula vulgaris insectivore peatland
PLMA Plantago macrocarpa herb wet meadow
PLCH3 Platanthera chorisiana herb peatland
PLDI3 Platanthera dilatata herb all
PLHY2 Platanthera hyperborea herb all
POAL2 Poa alpina graminoid lake shore gravel
POAR2 Poa arctica graminoid lake shore gravel
POARV2 Poa arctica (vivipara) graminoid lake shore gravel
POVI3 Polygonum viviparum herb lake shore gravel
POBR4 Polysticum braunii fern forest
POBA2 Populus balsamifera tree young forest
POGR8 Potamogeton gramineus aquatic peatland
PRAL Prananthes alata herb lake shore meadow
PRVU Prunella vulgaris herb lake shore gravel
PTAQ Pteridium aqualinum fern peatland
PYAS Pyrola asarifolia herb young forest
PYMI Pyrola minor herb young forest
RAFL2 Rannunculus flammula aquatic lake edge
RATR Rannunculus trichophyllus aquatic lake edge
RAOC Ranunculus occidentalis herb lake shore meadow
RAUN Ranunculus uncinatus herb lake shore meadow
RIBR Ribes bracteosum shrub forest
RILA3 Ribes laxiflorum shrub forest
ROSI Romanzoffia sitchensis herb stream delta
RUAR Rubus arcticus sub-shrub young forest
RUCH Rubus chamaemorus sub-shrub peatland
RUPE Rubus pedatus sub-shrub forest
RUSP Rubus spectabilis shrub avalanche slope
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SANI7 Sagina nivalis herb lake shore gravel
SAAL Salix alexensis shrub lake shore meadow
SABA3 Salix barclayii shrub lake shore meadow
SACO2 Salix communtata shrub lake shore meadow
SASI2 Salix sitchensis shrub all
SARA2 Sambucus racemosa shrub avalanche slope
SACA14 Sangisorba canadensis herb all
SAFE Saxifraga ferruginea herb stream delta
SALY3 Saxifraga lyalii herb stream delta
SAME7 Saxifraga mertensiana herb stream delta
SANE3 Saxifraga nelsoniana (Saxifraga punctata) herb lake shore gravel
SCMI2 Scirpus microcarpus graminoid lake edge
SETR Senecio triangularis herb lake shore meadow
SOCA6 Solidago canadensis herb lake shore meadow
SOMU Solidago multiradiata herb lake shore meadow
SOSI2 Sorbus sitchensis tree peatland
SPHY Sparganium hyperboreum aquatic peatland
STELL Stellaria herb lake shore meadow
STCR2 Stellaria crispa herb lake shore gravel
STAM2 Streptopus amplexifolius herb forest
STLA16 Streptopus lanceolatus herb forest
STST3 Streptopus streptopoides herb forest
SWPE Swertia perennis herb peatland
TAAL? Taraxacum alaskanum (ceratophorum) no horns herb lake shore gravel
TEGR2 Tellima grandiflora herb stream delta
THQU2 Thelypteris quelpaertensis (T. limbosperma) fern forested wetland
TITR Tiarella trifoliata herb forest
TITRU Tiarella unifoliata herb forest
TRGL5 Triantha glutinosa herb lake shore meadow
TRCE3 Trichophorum caespitosum graminoid peatland
TREUA Trientalis arctica (T. europea ssp arctica) herb lake shore meadow
TRCA21 Trisetum canescens graminoid lake shore meadow
TRSP2 Trisetum spicatum graminoid lake shore gravel
TSHE Tsuga heterophylla tree forest
TSME Tsuga mertensiana tree forest
VAAL3 Vaccinium alaskaense shrub forest
VACE Vaccinium caespitosum shrub peatland
VAOV Vaccinium ovalifolium shrub forest
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VAOX Vaccinium oxycoccus sub-shrub peatland
VAUL Vaccinium uliginosum shrub peatland
VAVI Vaccinium vitis idaea sub-shrub peatland
VAAT2 Vahlodea atropurpurea graminoid lake shore meadow
VASI Valeriana sitchensis herb lake shore meadow
VEVI Veratrum viride herb lake shore meadow
VEWO2 Veronica wormsjoldii herb lake shore gravel
VIED Viburnum edule shrub young forest
VIGL Viola glabella herb forested wetland
VILA6 Viola langsdorfii herb peatland
VIPA4 Viola palustris herb lake edge
* On TNF Rare Plant List - not on 2012 ANHP Rare Plant List
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Appendix C - Gilbert Bay Plant List - Species List NRCS Code Scientific Name Life form Habitat
ACMIB Achillea millefolium var. borealis herb beach gravel
ACRU2 Actea rubra herb forest edge
AGME3 Agrostis mertensii graminoid beach gravel
ALVI5 Alnus viridis shrub avalanche slope
ANMA Anaphalis margaritacea herb avalanche slope
ANPO Andromeda polifolia sub-shrub peatland
ANRI Anemone richardsonii herb stream delta
ANGE2 Angelica genuflexa herb beach meadow
ANLU Angelica lucida herb beach meadow
AQFO Aquilegia formosa herb beach meadow
ARLY2 Arabis lyrata herb beach gravel
ARLA2 Arctagrostis latifolia graminoid lake edge
ARAM2 Arnica amplexicaulis herb beach meadow
ARLA8 Arnica latifolia herb beach meadow
ARAR9 Artemisia arctica herb avalanche slope
ARDI8 Aruncus dioicus herb beach meadow
ATFI Athyrium felix-femina fern avalanche slope
BLSP Blechnum spicant fern steep forest
BORO Boschniakia rossica parasite avalanche slope
CACA4 Calamagrostis canadensis graminoid beach meadow
CANO9 Callitropsis nootkatensis tree all
CALE4 Caltha leptosepala herb beach meadow
CARO2 Campanula rotundifolia herb avalanche slope
CAOL Cardamine oligosperma herb beach gravel
CAAN10 Carex anthoxanthea graminoid peatland
CABI4 Carex bicolor* graminoid beach gravel
CABR15 Carex brunnescens graminoid wet meadow
CACA11 Carex canescens graminoid wet meadow
CACA12 Carex capillaris graminoid beach gravel
CAFL4 Carex flava graminoid wet meadow
CALA10 Carex lachenalii graminoid wet meadow
CALA13 Carex laeviculmis graminoid peatland
CALE8 Carex lenticularis graminoid lake edge
CALI7 Carex limosa graminoid peatland
CALI Carex livida graminoid peatland
CAMA11 Carex macrochaeta graminoid beach meadow
CAME6 Carex mertensii graminoid beach meadow
CAPA19 Carex pauciflorus graminoid peatland
CAPL6 Carex pluriflora graminoid peatland
CASA10 Carex saxatilis graminoid wet meadow
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CASC10 Carex scirpoidea graminoid wet meadow
CASI3 Carex sitchensis graminoid lake edge
CAUT Carex utriculata graminoid lake edge
CAVI5 Carex viridula graminoid wet meadow
CAME7 Cassiope mertensiana sub-shrub peatland
CAMI12 Castilleja miniata herb beach meadow
CEBE2 Cerastium beeringianum herb beach gravel
CHAN9 Chamerion angustifolium herb beach meadow CHLA13 Chamerion latifolium herb beach gravel
CHTE3 Chrysosplenium tetrandrum* herb lake edge
CIDO Cicuta douglasii herb wet meadow
CIAL Circaea alpina herb forested wetland
CLPY? Cladothamnus pyroliflorus shrub peatland
CLSA2 Claytonia sarmentosa herb stream delta
CLSI2 Claytonia siberica herb stream delta
COPA28 Comarum palustre aquatic wet meadow
COGM Conioselinum gmelinii (chinense) herb beach meadow
COAS Coptis asplenifolium herb forest
CPTR2 Coptis trifolia herb peatland
COTR18 Corallorhiza trifida parasite young forest
COCA13 Cornus canadensis sub-shrub forest
COSE16 Cornus stolenifera shrub young forest
COSU4 Cornus suecica sub-shrub peatland
CYFR2 Cystopteris fragilis fern forest edge
DECA18 Deschampsia caespitosa graminoid beach meadow
DOJE1 Dodecatheon jeffreyi herb beach meadow
DOPU Dodecatheon pulchellum herb peatland
DREX2 Dryopteris expansa graminoid forest
ELPA3 Eleocharis palustris graminoid peatland
EMNI Empetrum nigrum sub-shrub peatland
EPILO Epilobium herb lake edge
EPAN4 Epilobium anagalidifolium herb lake edge
EQAR Equisetum arvense pteridophyte all
EQFL Equisetum fluviatile pteridophyte wet meadow
EQPA Equisetum palustre pteridophyte wet meadow
EQPR Equisetum pratense pteridophyte young forest
EQVA Equisetum variegatum pteridophyte lake edge
ERHU Erigeron humilis herb beach gravel
ERPE3 Erigeron peregrinus herb beach meadow
ERAN6 Eriophorum angustifolium graminoid peatland
ERRU2 Eriophorum russeolum graminoid peatland
FERU2 Festuca rubra graminoid beach gravel
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FRCA5 Fritillaria camschatcensis herb beach meadow
GAAP2 Galium aparine herb avalanche slope
GATR2 Galium trifidum herb beach meadow
GATR3 Galium triflorum herb beach meadow
GAKA Gallium kamchaticum* herb lake edge
GEDO Gentiana douglasiana herb peatland
GELI2 Geocaulon lividum sub-shrub peatland
GECA6 Geum calthifolium herb peatland
GEMA4 Geum macrophyllum herb beach gravel
GYDR Gymnocarpium dryopteris fern forest
HAST3 Harrimanella stelleriana sub-shrub peatland
HEMA80 Heracleum maximum herb beach meadow
HEGL5 Heuchera glabra herb young forest
HITR2 Hieracium triste herb beach gravel
HIOD Hierochloe odorata graminoid beach meadow
HUSEC Huperzia selago pteridophyte forest
IRSE12 Iris setosa beach iris beach meadow
JUAL4 Juncus alpinoarticulatis graminoid beach gravel
JUAR2 Juncus arcticus graminoid beach gravel
JUBI2 Juncus biglumis graminoid beach gravel
JUEF Juncus effusus graminoid beaver pond
JUME3 Juncus mertensianus graminoid beaver pond
KAPO Kalmia polifolia sub-shrub peatland
KUCO Kumlienia cooleyae (Ranunculus cooleyae) herb stream delta
LEGR Ledum groenlandicum sub-shrub peatland
LEPY Leptarrhena pyrolifolia herb beach meadow
LICA10 Listera caurina herb forest
LICO6 Listera cordata herb forest
LUNO Lupinus nootkatensis herb beach gravel
LUMU2 Luzula multiflora graminoid beaver pond
LUPA4 Luzula parviflora graminoid beach gravel
LYAN2 Lycopodium annotinum pteridophyte forest
LYAM3 Lysichiton americanus herb forested wetland
MADI Maianthemum dilatata herb forest
MAFU Malus fusca tree young forest
METR3 Menyanthes trifoliata herb peatland
MEFE Menziesia ferrunginea shrub all
MIPE Mitella pentandra herb stream delta
MOUN2 Moneses uniflora herb forest
NECR2 Nephrophyllidium crista-galli herb peatland
NULUP Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala aquatic peatland
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OPHO Oplopanax horridus shrub avalanche slope
ORSE Orthilia secunda herb young forest
OSPU Osmorhiza purpurea herb forest
OXDI3 Oxyria digyna herb stream delta
PAFI3 Parnassia fimbriata herb beach gravel
PAPA8 Parnassia palustris herb stream delta
PEOR Pedicularis ornithorhyncha herb beach gravel
PEFR5 Petasites frigidus herb stream delta
PHCO24 Phegopteris connectilis fern forest
PHAL2 Phleum alpinum graminoid beach gravel
PHGL6 Phyllodoce glanduliflora sub-shrub peatland
PISI Picea sitchensis tree forest
PIVU Pinguicula vulgaris insectivore peatland
PLMA Plantago macrocarpa herb wet meadow
PLCH3 Platanthera chorisiana herb peatland
PLDI3 Platanthera dilatata herb all
PLHY2 Platanthera hyperborea herb all
POAL2 Poa alpina graminoid beach gravel
POAR2 Poa arctica graminoid beach gravel
POARV2 Poa arctica (vivipara) graminoid beach gravel
POVI3 Polygonum viviparum herb beach gravel
POBR4 Polysticum braunii fern forest
POBA2 Populus balsamifera tree young forest
POGR8 Potamogeton gramineus aquatic peatland
PRAL Prananthes alata herb beach meadow
PRVU Prunella vulgaris herb beach gravel
PTAQ Pteridium aqualinum fern peatland
PYAS Pyrola asarifolia herb young forest
PYMI Pyrola minor herb young forest
RAFL2 Rannunculus flammula aquatic lake edge
RATR Rannunculus trichophyllus aquatic lake edge
RAOC Ranunculus occidentalis herb beach meadow
RAUN Ranunculus uncinatus herb beach meadow
RIBR Ribes bracteosum shrub forest
RILA3 Ribes laxiflorum shrub forest
ROSI Romanzoffia sitchensis herb stream delta
RUAR Rubus arcticus sub-shrub young forest
RUCH Rubus chamaemorus sub-shrub peatland
RUPE Rubus pedatus sub-shrub forest
RUSP Rubus spectabilis shrub avalanche slope
SANI7 Sagina nivalis herb beach gravel
SAAL Salix alexensis shrub beach meadow
SABA3 Salix barclayii shrub beach meadow
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SACO2 Salix communtata shrub beach meadow
SASI2 Salix sitchensis shrub all
SARA2 Sambucus racemosa shrub avalanche slope
SACA14 Sangisorba canadensis herb all
SAFE Saxifraga ferruginea herb stream delta
SALY3 Saxifraga lyalii herb stream delta
SAME7 Saxifraga mertensiana herb stream delta
SANE3 Saxifraga nelsoniana (Saxifraga punctata) herb beach gravel
SCMI2 Scirpus microcarpus graminoid lake edge
SETR Senecio triangularis herb beach meadow
Senicio pauciflorus herb beach gravel
SOCA6 Solidago canadensis herb beach meadow
SOMU Solidago multiradiata herb beach meadow
SOSI2 Sorbus sitchensis tree peatland
SPHY Sparganium hyperboreum aquatic peatland
STELL Stellaria herb beach meadow
STCR2 Stellaria crispa herb beach gravel
STAM2 Streptopus amplexifolius herb forest
STLA16 Streptopus lanceolatus herb forest
STST3 Streptopus streptopoides herb forest
SWPE Swertia perennis herb peatland
TAAL? Taraxacum alaskanum (ceratophorum) no horns herb beach gravel
TEGR2 Tellima grandiflora herb stream delta
THQU2 Thelypteris quelpaertensis (T. limbosperma) fern
forested wetland
TITR Tiarella trifoliata herb forest
TITRU Tiarella unifoliata herb forest
TRGL5 Triantha glutinosa herb beach meadow
TRCE3 Trichophorum caespitosum graminoid peatland
TREUA Trientalis arctica (T. europea ssp arctica) herb beach meadow
TRCA21 Trisetum canescens graminoid beach meadow
TRSP2 Trisetum spicatum graminoid beach gravel
TSHE Tsuga heterophylla tree forest
TSME Tsuga mertensiana tree forest
VAAL3 Vaccinium alaskaense shrub forest
VACE Vaccinium caespitosum shrub peatland
VAOV Vaccinium ovalifolium shrub forest
VAOX Vaccinium oxycoccus sub-shrub peatland
VAUL Vaccinium uliginosum shrub peatland
VAVI Vaccinium vitis idaea sub-shrub peatland
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VAAT2 Vahlodea atropurpurea graminoid beach meadow
VASI Valeriana sitchensis herb beach meadow
VEVI Veratrum viride herb beach meadow
VEWO2 Veronica wormsjoldii herb beach gravel
VIED Viburnum edule shrub young forest
VIGL Viola glabella herb forested wetland
VILA6 Viola langsdorfii herb peatland
VIPA4 Viola palustris herb lake edge
* On TNF Rare Plant List - not on 2012 ANHP Rare Plant List
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Appendix D - USFS - Tongass National Forest - GIS Rare Plant Records for Three Rare Species
SCIENTIFIC DATE EXAMINER COMMENTS
Chrysosplenium tetrandrum 8/20/2004 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is., Unnamed Mtn. 9 mi. S of Hoonah, narrow canyon, sm.
Chrysosplenium tetrandrum 6/22/2003 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is. Iyoutug area
Chrysosplenium tetrandrum 7/20/2004 Dillman, Karen Windham Bay, Chuck River Wild. Taylor Ck drainage 3-4 plants
Chrysosplenium tetrandrum 7/20/2004 Dillman, Karen Windham Bay, Chuck River Wild. Taylor Lake shoreline, on mossy rock, approx 5 plants
Chrysosplenium tetrandrum 8/15/2004 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is., outlet from Kook L., streambank, reported by Eric Dow, SRD.
Chrysosplenium tetrandrum 7/18/2010 Johnson, Joni Heceta Island, Bald Mtn
Chrysosplenium tetrandrum 5/10/2011 Lease, Kristen Prince of Wales, Natuk Creek
Galium kamtschaticum 7/22/2012 Krieckhaus, Brad Baranof Island, Sashin Lake
Galium kamtschaticum 9/3/2008 Ross, Aimee Revillagigedo Island, North Saddle Lake
Galium kamtschaticum 7/3/2002 Anderson, Ellen Prince of Wales, Sunny Cove, Moira EIS,
Galium kamtschaticum 8/6/2002 Anderson, Ellen SUEMEZ I.,SCRATCHINGS,RDLINE TO U46
Galium kamtschaticum 7/26/2005 Johnson, Joni POW, Not a rare pl survey. Fine sands of island, frequently flooded, 30 stems
Galium kamtschaticum 8/5/2003 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is. Iyoutug
Galium kamtschaticum 8/6/2003 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is. Iyoutug area
Galium kamtschaticum 8/16/2004 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Island, Iyouktug TS, above unit 40, avalanche brushfield, 15 plants
Galium kamtschaticum 8/17/2004 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is, Iyouktug TS, Unit 9006-7, OPHO/ATFI/VEVI cover in open forest, 10 counted
Galium kamtschaticum 8/17/2004 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is, Iyouktug TS, Unit 9006-7, muskeg edge, ALSI/ATFI/LYAM/OPHO patch, 20 counted
Galium kamtschaticum 8/19/2004 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is., Iyouktug TS, Unit 5 and proposed Rd., open, wet LYAM/ATFI/OPHO grove, 40 count
Galium kamtschaticum 6/18/2003 Dillman, Karen Chichagof Is. Low Ridge TS. in slide are
Galium kamtschaticum 6/21/2003 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is. Iyoutug area
Galium kamtschaticum 8/3/2003 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is. Iyoutug
Galium kamtschaticum 7/17/2004 Trimble, Steven, T CLEVELAND PENINSULA; UNION BAY MINE; SMALL POPULATION NEAR SMALL
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SEEP IN BEACH FRINGE
Galium kamtschaticum 6/27/2006 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is., Iyouktug TS, wet meadow w/ ATFI-FORB
Galium kamtschaticum 6/29/2006 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is., Iyouktug TS, forest opening w/ ATFI-FORB veg
Galium kamtschaticum 6/29/2006 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is., Iyouktug TS, forest gap wet ATFI/LYAM/FORB veg
Galium kamtschaticum 7/13/2006 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is., Iyouktug TS, ATFI/LYAM/FORB opening in forest
Galium kamtschaticum 7/19/2006 Krieckhaus, Brad Chich. Is., Boomerang TS, rdside gap, shrubby w/ ATFI/LYAM
Galium kamtschaticum 8/9/2006 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is, Iyouktug TS, forest edge, shrubby w/ LYAM/FACR
Galium kamtschaticum 8/10/2006 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is, Iyouktug TS, subalpine ATFI/FORB meadow
Galium kamtschaticum 8/12/2006 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Island, Iyouktug TS, ATFI/FORB meadow
Galium kamtschaticum 7/26/2004 Dillman, Karen Chichagof Is. Pavlof area, RAWS TS unit, in nf wetland along stream, 10 plants, with BOMU
Galium kamtschaticum 7/26/2005 Anderson, Ellen N CHICHAGOF IS,N OF FRESHWATER BAY,DIVIDE UNIT, 50-75 stems,
Galium kamtschaticum 7/22/2004 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is., Rust L. area, ATFI/HELA/VEVI etc field at base of steep limestone ridge, 75 counted
Galium kamtschaticum 8/3/2004 Calhoun, Kelly Chichagof Is., False Island TS., 75406 Proposed Rd, ALSI/LYAM/ATFI grove, 30 + plants
Galium kamtschaticum 8/3/2004 Calhoun, Kelly Chichagof Is., False Island TS., forest edge, ATFI/ALSI cover, 30 plants
Galium kamtschaticum 6/28/2005 Trimble, Steven, T MISTY FIORDS N.M. CHECATS COVE. 7 IND. AT BEACH FRINGE NEAR CHECATS CABIN SITE
Galium kamtschaticum 7/15/2006 Johnson, Joni Cent Kupreanof EIS, adj to unit 247;est. 300 indiv. trans betw mix con wet to sm fen. w/LICO5
Galium kamtschaticum 7/2/2003 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof,False Island Timber Sale
Galium kamtschaticum 7/2/2003 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof,False Is sale - heli- unit
Galium kamtschaticum 6/17/2004 Calhoun, Kelly Baranof Is., Long Lake area, brushfield on steep slope in forest opening, rocky soils
Galium kamtschaticum 6/17/2004 Calhoun, Kelly Baranof Is., Long Lake area, large rockslide sloping into lake, brushfield, 75 plus plants counted.
Galium kamtschaticum 6/17/2004 Calhoun, Kelly Baranof Is., Long Lake area, large rockslide sloping into lake, brushfield, 25 plus plants counted.
Galium kamtschaticum 6/19/2004 Calhoun, Kelly Baranof Is., Long Lake area, brushfield below cliffs, organics over broken rock and gravel
Galium kamtschaticum 7/20/2004 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is., Rust Lake area, 100 plants under lady fern patch near dry stream channel.
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Galium kamtschaticum 7/21/2004 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is., Rust L. area; base of limestone bluff and down into brushfield; 50 plus
Galium kamtschaticum 8/3/2006 Dillman, Karen Wrangell Is. Anita Bay, THPL forest, forb rich area, 8 stems, 2 flowering, near Rd 51720
Galium kamtschaticum 8/3/2006 Dillman, Karen Wrangell Is. Anita Bay, forested wetlands forbs rich area 50+ stems, few flowers, near rd 51720
Galium kamtschaticum 6/22/2005 Johnson, Joni Wrangell Is. Anita bay, Forest edge bordering on sm pond, Fishtrap Ck; .15 stems
Galium kamtschaticum 8/2/2010 Cummins, Michelle, Jean Wrangell Is. Thoms Creek. Adjacent to high gradient stream channel.
Galium kamtschaticum 8/3/2010 Cummins, Michelle, Jean Wrangell Is. Thoms Creek. This chute was lower on slope;
Galium kamtschaticum 8/4/2010 Cummins, Michelle, Jean Wrangell Is. Fools Inlet. Robust individuals.
Galium kamtschaticum 8/14/2010 Cummins, Michelle, Jean Wrangell Is. Thoms Creek.
Galium kamtschaticum 8/31/2010 Cummins, Taya, Katherine Wrangell Is. Thoms Creek.
Galium kamtschaticum 7/19/2010 Johnson, Joni Tuxekan Island, old Karheen
Galium kamtschaticum 7/3/2010 Johnson, Joni Prince of Wales, El Capitan Passage, No GPS; no satellites available.
Galium kamtschaticum 7/8/2008 Krieckhaus, Brad Chichagof Is. Kennel Creek, Population occurs in wetland area near a small timber sale
Galium kamtschaticum 7/10/2012 de Montigny, Jackie Wrangell Is. Thoms Creek.
Galium kamtschaticum 7/27/2010 Hofman, Jacob Misty Fiords, Checats Cove
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Appendix E - USDA Forest Service Element Occurrence Forms for Carex bicolor, Chrysosplenium tetrandrum and Galium kamtschaticum
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Carex bicolor:
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Chrysosplenium tetrandrum:
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Galium kamtschaticum:
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Invasive Species Risk Assessment -Sweetheart Lake Hydro Project - Final For Juneau Hydropower, Inc.
Taraxacum alaskanum
4/9/2013 Koren Bosworth Bosworth Botanical Consulting
© 2013 Bosworth Botanical Consulting
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Contents A. Inventory ............................................................................................................................... 3
B. Habitat Vulnerability ............................................................................................................. 5
Table of Survey Intensity Level in Sweetheart Watershed Habitats and Their Pre-Project
Vulnerability and Risk ................................................................................................................ 7
C. Non-project Dependent Vectors ............................................................................................ 9
D. Habitat Alteration Expected as a Result of the Project:........................................................ 9
E. Increased Vectors as a Result of Project Implementation: .................................................. 14
F. Mitigation Measures (prevention and control): ................................................................... 16
G. Species of Concern: ............................................................................................................ 18
References ................................................................................................................................. 19
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A. Inventory
The Sweetheart Lake Hydro Project invasive plant species survey was conducted in conjunction
with a September 2011, preliminary wetland delineation, a June 2012 final wetland delineation
and July 2012 and August 2012 sensitive plant species and rare plant species surveys. The
wetland delineation surveys were not necessarily driven by the need to survey habitats specific to
invasive species but they were wide ranging and helped to raise the intensity of the invasive
species survey.
The survey level for most of the habitats of interest was a Focused (Intuitive Controlled) or a
Systematic. No invasive species were found on any of the surveys.
SURVEY DATE LAST NAME AND FIRST NAME OF EXAMINERS FOR EACH VISIT
9/4/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
9/5/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
9/6/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
9/7/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
9/16/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
9/17/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
9/18/2011 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
6/21/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
6/22/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
6/23/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
6/24/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
7/14/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
7/15/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
7/16/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
7/17/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
7/18/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
7/19/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
8/9/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
8/10/2012 BOSWORTH, KOREN - CARSTENSEN, RICHARD
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Most of the proposed project area is very isolated and has little or no human traffic, but the area
around the mouth of Sweetheart Creek has quite a bit of human traffic during the mid-to-late
summer, stocked sockeye run into the mouth of the creek.
Perennial sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis - ANHP invasiveness ranking – 73 out of 100) has been
found invading isolated and urban beach meadows alike and is something that was looked for
specifically in the beach meadows of the project area but was not found.
ANHP's AKEPIC database and EDMAPs Alaska show no records for invasive species in the
greater Port Snettisham/Gilbert Bay area. The closest records are at the mouth of Endicott Arm,
approximately fifteen miles away, at several old homestead and fox farm sites. The records are
for small numbers of Taraxacum officinale, Rumex acetosella, Trifolium repens and Lolium
perenne. None of these species are on the USFS - TNF High Priority Invasives List.
Table 1. High priority invasive plant species in or near the project area
Scientific Name Common Name
Rank
0-100
(low-high)1
Species
Present
?
Y or N
If Present, Gross
Area of the
Infestation (sq. ft.)
actively controlling these plants where feasible
Alliara petiolata garlic mustard 70 N
Centaurea biebersteinii spotted knapweed 86 N
Cirsium arvensis Canada thistle 76 N
Cirsium vulgare bull thistle 61 N
Hieracium aurantiacum and
Hieracium caespitosum
orange hawkweed, devil's
paintbrush & meadow hawkweed 79
N
Hieracium lachenalii Common hawkweed 57 N
Linaria vulgaris yellow toadflax, butter and eggs 69 N
Senecio jacobaea. Tansy ragwort 63 N
Sonchus arvensis. ssp.
uliginosis Perennial sow thistle 73
N
Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb
& Zucc. Japanese knotweed 87
N
actively controlling these plants only in certain locations
Brassica rapa field mustard 50 N
Brassica rapa var. rapa purple-topped turnip 50 N
Cotula coronopifolia common brassbuttons 42 N
Crepis tectorum narrow-leaf hawk's beard 56 N
Galeopsis bifida and G.
tetrahit split-lip hemp-nettle 50
N
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Hieracium umbellatum narrow-leaved hawkweed 51 N
Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy, white daisy 61 N
Melilotus alba white sweetclover 81 N
Melilotus officinalis yellow sweetclover, king's crown 69 N
Phalaris arundicacea reed canarygrass 83 N
Polygonum convolvulus black bindweed 50 N
Tanacetum vulgare common tansy 60 N
Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife 84 N
Zostera japonica dwarf eelgrass 53 N
B. Habitat Vulnerability
The project area vegetation patterns correspond to the age and the geomorphic, hydrologic and
soils patterns of the specific sites and the overall area. The well-drained alluvial and colluvial
sediments and the steep bedrock slopes are mostly upland vegetation. The finer lakeshore and
beaver pond edge sediments and flatter basin, hillslope and terrace areas have wetland vegetation
of various types. Following are vegetation maps of the project area including one using the
National Wetlands Inventory (Cowardin 1976) and the USFS - Tongass National Forest
Vegetation Maps with some specific categories devised to better fit the Sweetheart Lake
conditions.
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Figure 1 - General vegetation map altered from USFS vegetation type GIS layers
Figure 2 - NWI map for Gilbert Bay
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The Sweetheart Lake area and to a lesser degree the Gilbert Bay area as a whole has a number of
large and small-scale natural disturbance regimes that leave some of the habitats in the area
vulnerable to invasive species should they be introduced into the area:
The Sweetheart Valley is very steep sloped and there are approximately twenty large
avalanche chutes and alluvial fans and many more small ones that scour and disturb the
slopes of the valley and the lakeshore.
The large creeks that enter the lake at the head both have large active floodplains and
change channels often - disturbing the floodplain habitats.
Beaver are common on the lake and on the creeks flowing into the lake. They dam the
creeks, flooding areas; they cut neighboring trees and shrubs, both for food and for
building material and to open up the areas around their ponds and work areas; and they
abandon or are driven out of their ponds and dams changing the habitat once again
Wind-throw and damage by deep snows.
Spring snowmelt floods on the creeks and the lakeshore.
Ice scour by tidal action on the Sweetheart Delta and Gilbert Bay beaches.
Changes in disease and insect infestations due to global climate change
Table of Survey Intensity Level in Sweetheart Watershed Habitats and Their Pre-Project Vulnerability and Risk
Habitat
Survey
Level
Pre-project Habitat
Vulnerability and
Vectors
Risk
Sweetheart Sweetheart Lake
Beaver ponds and pond edges Level 6 -
Systematic
Roadless, no human
disturbance. Natural disturbance
regimes present including
avalanches, beavers, flooding
and dewatering
Low
Stream banks, bars and deltas Level 6 -
Systematic
Roadless, no human
disturbance. Natural disturbance
regime present.
Low
Yazoo channels- forested wetland Level 5 -
Focused
Roadless, no human
disturbance. Natural disturbance
regime present
Low
Avalanche and alluvial fan channels at lake
level
Level 4 -
General
Roadless, no human
disturbance. Natural disturbance
Low
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Habitat
Survey
Level
Pre-project Habitat
Vulnerability and
Vectors
Risk
regime present.
Steep slope mixed evergreen forest Level 3 -
General
Roadless, no human
disturbance. Stable
Low
Slope peatlands Level 5 -
Focused
Roadless, no human
disturbance. Stable
Low
Floodplain/outwash Sitka alder/spiny wood
fern thicket
Level 3 -
General
Roadless, no human
disturbance. Stable and distant
from natural vectors
Low
Hillside bench forested wetland Level 3 -
General
Roadless, no human
disturbance. Stable
Low
Sweetheart Creek Delta Area
Intertidal Level 5 -
Focused
Roadless, some human
disturbance from fisherman
landing on delta and trails
across intertidal to creek. Winds
and currents the coast are
natural vectors for light-seeded
and salt tolerant invasives. Sow
thistle is a potential threat in
this habitat.
Medium
Uplifted beach meadow Level 5 -
Focused
Roadless, some human
disturbance from fisherman
landing on delta and trails
across beach meadow to creek.
Winds and currents the coast
are natural vectors for light-
seeded and salt tolerant
invasives. Sow thistle is a
potential threat in this habitat.
Medium
Uplift Sitka spruce and shrubby edges Level 5 -
Focused
Roadless, some human
disturbance from fisherman
landing on delta and trails
across the delta to the creek.
Medium
Sweetheart Creek mouth banks Level 6-
Systematic
Roadless, intense human use by
fisherman for a month a year.
Medium
Hillside W. hemlock/yellow-cedar/Sitka
spruce forest
Level 4 -
General
Roadless, no human
disturbance. Heavy use by bears
escaping human presence in
fishing areas.
Low
Hillside/bench forested wetland Level 5 -
Focused
Roadless, no human
disturbance. Heavy use by bears
Low
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Habitat
Survey
Level
Pre-project Habitat
Vulnerability and
Vectors
Risk
escaping human presence in
fishing areas.
West Gilbert Bay - transmis