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Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme disease
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Spirochetes
Group or bacteria with a highly characteristic appearance
Helical, slender, relatively long cells One of the species of “borrelia” cause lyme
disease in human
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Lyme disease bacterium
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is name given to the overall category
North America, Bb sensu stricto Europe Bb sensu stricto, B.garinii, and
B.afzelii Asia has B.garinii
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taxanomy
Super kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: spirochaetes
Order: spirochaetales
Family: spirochaelaceae
Genus: Borrelia
Species: borrelia burgdorferi
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Symptoms
The early symptoms are mild and easily overlook.
The first symptom is usually an expanding rash.
Called erythema migrans. Appear as a solid red expanding rash or
blotch, OR a central spot surrounded by clear skin that in ringed by an expanding red rash looks like bull’s eye.
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Target tissue
Borrelia has been isolated from nearly every organ
Tendon Heart muscle
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Disseminated lyme disease
General Profound fatigue, headache, fever severe
muscle aches/pain Brain (tingling sensations of the extremities-
peripheral neuropathy, facial palsy Eyes :vision changes, retinal damage, optic
atropy Skin: rash not at bite site (erythema migrans)
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Diagnosis
There are number of blood test available Antibody test :ELISA and western blot tests.
Although there is false positive and negative result
Antigen detection tests Polymerase chain reaction: this test multiplies
the of Bb DNA to detectable measurable level
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Polymerase chain reaction
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prevention
Precautionary routine
Wear enclosed shoes and light-clolred clothing with a tight weave to spot ticks easily
Scan clothes and any exposed skin
Stay on cleared, well- traveled trails
Insect repellent containing DEET (Diethyl-meta-tolumide) in skin or cloths
Inspect yourself and your children carefully after been heavily bushed area
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How is Lyme Disease Treated?
Treatments varies and depends on timings Tetracycline or amoxycillin/probonicid Four later complication such as meningitis
ceferiaxone
non- steroidal anti inflammatory drug
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motality
Highly motile Internal bundle of
flagella; cause it to contract like muscle
Swim through blood vessel, extracellular matrix, connective tissue
Swim at the rate of several inches in a matter of few days
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Tick vectors:B.burgdorferi is transmitted to humans by ticks of the ixodes recinus complex.
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American dog tickDermacetor variablis
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Black legged tickIxodus scapularis
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How to remove tick:
If you DO find a tick attach tjo your skin,there is no need to panic. Not all ticks are infected
Without jerking, using a pair of pointed precision tweezers, grasp the tick by the head or mouthparts right where they enter the skin.
Do not twist the tick out , Clean the bite wound with disinfectant
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Population at risk
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Repoted Lyme Disease and Incedent Rate
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Lyme disease vaccineand treatment; LYMEric is made from lipidated rOspA pf
B.burgdorferi sensu stricto. Three dosages required for optimal protectionMechanism of Action:B.burgdorferi in a vector tick undergoes substantial
antigenic change between the time of tick attachment on a mammalian host and transmission of the bacterium to the host.
Treatments include antibiotics, amoxicillin, penicillin, deoxycycline
For complicated case these antibiotics given through IV.
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Population at risk
Most B.burgdorferi infections result from residential exposure to infected ticks during property maintenance, recreation, and leisure activity
The person who engage in outdoor occupations
Forestry landscaping
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•Distribution of human cases of lyme disease Endemic in several region in the U.S.A,
Canada, and temperate Eurasia 1993-1997 62,000> reported cases. 5.5
cases/100,000 population Highest reported rates occur in children under
the age15 years
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References,
Lyme net, Igenex,Inc. niaid.nih.gov, Mosby medical dictionary , lyme alliance.org