Bones, ligament, joints of
the upper and lower limb
Pelvis
Sternoclavicular joint
Articular disc
Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
Posterior sternoclavicular ligament
Costoclavicular ligament
Interclavicular ligament
Acromioclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular ligament
(Articular disc)
Coracoclavicular ligament
Trapezoid ligament
Conoid ligament
Glenohumeral joint; Shoulder joint
Glenoid labrum
Glenohumeral ligaments
Coracohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
Rotatory cuff
Coraco-acromial ligament
Superior transverse scapular ligament
Elbow joint
Humero-ulnar joint
Humeroradial joint
Proximal radio-
ulnar joint
Ulnar collateral
ligament
Radial collateral
ligament
Anular ligament of
radius
Distal radio-ulnar
joint
Articular disc
Sacciform recess
Radio-ulnar
syndesmosis
Interosseous
membrane of forearm
Oblique cord
Joints of hand
Wrist joint
Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist joint
Radial collateral ligament of wrist joint
Carpal joints; Intercarpal joints
Midcarpal joint
Radiate carpal ligament
Interosseus intercarpal ligaments
Pisiform joint
Pisohamate ligament
Pisometacarpal ligament
Carpal tunnel
Carpometacarpal joints
Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments
Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Intermetacarpal joints
Dorsal metacarpal ligaments
Palmar metacarpal ligaments
Interosseous metacarpal ligaments
Interosseous metacarpal spaces
Joints of hand
Wrist joint
Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist joint
Radial collateral ligament of wrist joint
Carpal joints; Intercarpal joints
Midcarpal joint
Radiate carpal ligament
Interosseus intercarpal ligaments
Pisiform joint
Pisohamate ligament
Pisometacarpal ligament
Carpal tunnel
Carpometacarpal joints
Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments
Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Intermetacarpal joints
Dorsal metacarpal ligaments
Palmar metacarpal ligaments
Interosseous metacarpal ligaments
Interosseous metacarpal spaces
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Collateral ligaments
Palmar ligaments
Interphalangeal joints of
hand, proximal and distal
Collateral ligaments
Palmar ligaments
True pelvis
4 planes, baby´s head
has to descend
during birth
The biggest
diameter of the
newborn´s
head fits into
the biggest
diameter of
each plane
Pelvic measurements in obsterics (and anatomy)
- straight, obligue and transverse diameter
1. pelvic inlet – promontory, iliopectineal lines,
symphysis/ transverse diameter –13 cm/
2. pelvic cavity
amplitudo – S2-3, acetabulum, center of symhysis/
oblique diameter.-13,5 cm/
3. angustia (narow)- spina ischiadica, sacrum, lower
end of symphysis / str. diameter –11,5 cm/
4. pelvic outlet - 2 triangles – pubic arch, ischial
tuberosities, coccyx / str. diameter 9–11,5 cm/
inlet
outletangustia
amplitudo
true (obstetric) conjugate – from retropubic eminence to promontory 10,5 cm
diagonal conjugate – lower edge of symphysis to promontory –13cm
external pelvic meauserments:
interspinous distance – 26 cm
intercristal distance – 29 cm
intertrochanteric distance – 31 cm
external conjugate (Badelocque) – upper edge of symphysis to spinous
process of L5, 18-20 cm
SI jointalmost immobile kloub (amphiarthrosis)
auricular surfaces of both bones
strong capsule –
sacroiliac lig. (ventr., dors., interosseous)
iliolumbar lig. connecting the ilium to the L4,L5
sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligg.
symphysis pubis
-cartilagineous interpubic disk with small
nonsynovial cavity
superior and inferior pubic ligament
obturator membrane -obturator canal
for obturator blood vessels and nerve
coxa valga
coxa vara
angle of inclination 125-130
Hip jointball and socket joint
femoral head–lunate surface of acetabulum
additional features: acetabular lip (labrum),
transverse acetabular lig.
reinforcing ligg.: iliofemoral lig.
pubofemoral lig.
ischiofemoral lig.
zona orbicularis
lig. of the head of F
Movements
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
rotation
circumduction
Knee jointcomplex joint: femorotibial +femoropatellar
femoral condyles – tibial condyles
incongruence of their surfaces is compensated by
menisci med. + lat.
patellar surface of F -articular surface of P
Ligaments 1
patellar lig.
med. + lat. patellar retinaculum
tibial collateral lig.
fibular collateral lig.
oblique popliteal lig.
arcuate politeal lig.
Ligaments 2
anterior cruciate lig.
posterior cruciate lig.
transverse lig. of the knee
ant. + post. meniscofemoral lig.
synovial and fibrous layer of capsule are separated
- cruciate ligg are intracapsular but extra-articularly
infrapatellar fat pad
movements
flexion/extension combined with rotation
gliding and rolling movements
extended knee is in locked position (medial rotation of
F)- initial phase of flexion is unlocking (untwisting)
process (lateral rotation of F)
forced abduction/adduction
arthroscopy
subtalar joint (post.articular
facets of T and C)
talocalcaneonavicular
calcaneocuboid
form functional complex
allowing
eversion/inversion of foot
proximal T-F jointhead of F- fib.art.facet of
lat.tib.condyle
interosseous membrane
dist. T-F joint = tibiofibular
syndesmosis - special kind
of connection allowing minimal
movement essential for proper
ankle joint function
ant. + post.tibiofibular ligg.
Joints of foot
art. talocruralis - talocrural joint–
(upper) ankle joint
lower ankle
art. subtalaris – subtalar joint
+ art. talocalcaneonavicularis
art. cuneonavicularis
art. tarsometatarsales
art. metatasophalangealee
art. interphalangeales
Ankle (talocrural) joint
trochlea(pulley) of T - malleolar mortise
(deep socket)
medial = deltoid lig.(4 parts)
lateral lig. (3 parts)
movement: plant.flexion/dors. flexion
Deltoid (medial) ligament- tibionavicular part
- ant. tibiotalar part
- tibiocalcaneari part
- post. tibiotalar part
Lateral ligament- ant. talofibular ligament
-post. talofibular lig.
-calcaneofibular lig.
.
Inversion=
Plantar flexion+adduction
+ supination
Eversion=
Dorsal flexion+abductiom
+ pronation
Rtg ATC
Chopart´s joint line = transverse tarsal joint
complex of C-C and T-N jointbifurcate lig. (calcaneonavicular + calcaneocuboid)
Lisfranc´s joint line - complex of
tarsometatarsals and intermetatarsals jointsMTT2 projects proximally !
Great number of short ligg. connecting leg bones to
tarsals, connecting tarsals between themselves,
connecting tarsals and metatarsals
Chopart´s joint
Lisfranc´s joint
plantar aponeurosis, long plantar lig., plantar
calcaneonavicular (spring) lig., short plantar ligg.
Foot (plantar) arches
tarsal and MTT bones are arranged in longitudinal
(med. , lat.) and transverse arches with shock absorbing,
weight bearing function
are maintained by:
1. Shape of interlocking bones
2. Strength of the plantar ligg. + plantar aponeurosis
3. Action of tendons of muscles – tibialis ant. and
post., peroneus longus and btrevis, flexors of the foot
Transverse arch
Longitudinal arch
Drawings for the next week
Scheme of joints of hand
Scheme of joints of foot, complete the line of Chopart´s and Lisfranc´s joint
Frontal section through the shoulder joint. Complete the ligaments and joint capsule of hip
Frontal section through the hip joint. Complete the ligaments and joint capsule of hip
Scheme of upper surfaces of tibia with menisci. Complete the cruciate and collateral ligaments and insertion of layers of joint capsule.