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Bone Repair &
Calcification> WHAT BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERS NEED TO KNOW <
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Phases of Fracture Healing
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Healing Times & Calcification
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Bone Fracture Types
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Transverse Fracture
A fracture straight across the
bone, usually the result of sharp,
direct blows or stress fractures
caused by prolonged running.
The break occurs at a right
angle to the bone’s long axis.
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Spiral Fracture
A bone fracture caused by
a twisting force.
Also called torsion fracture.
baseball pitcher’s broken arm
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Impacted Bone
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Compound/Open Fracture
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Comminuted Fracture
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Joint Fractures
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Treatment Options
Fracture treatment depends on:
Location, fracture type and its characteristics
The person’s age
The person’s activity level
Bone quality
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Nonsurgical Treatment Options
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Surgical Treatment: External Fixation
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Internal vs. External Fixation
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Location of Fracture
Which bones are more likely to break?
Ribs, wrists, fingers, toes, collarbones
Why are certain bones more likely to fracture?
The body is designed to
withstand forces.
Legs receive impact while
walking and jumping.
Thus, leg bones require a
significant amount of force
to break.
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How Does Treatment
Depend on Location?
Certain treatments cannot be used on some fractures due to the location.
For example:
Casts cannot be used on all parts of the body,
such as moving joints.
Finger or toes are often treated by using a
nearby finger or toe as splint.
The forces the body withstands at certain locations allows some treatments.