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Bonding & Hydrocarbon Notes
Interactions of
Matter
9/15/09
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Review from Atomic Structure:
Define an atom. Describe the 3 sub-atomic properties. Ex. P (Phosphorus) State the # of p, n & e- in P: 15
P 31
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Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to gain stability!
Atoms need a FULL outer energy shell. 8 valence e-Full Octet Rule. Exception: H, it only needs 2 valence
electrons.
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BondsIonic Bonds: The transfer of electrons
from one atom to another. The opposite charged atoms have a
strong attraction. Example NaCl (Sodium Chloride) and LiO
(Lithium Oxide).Na (2, 8, 1) 1 valence electronCl (2, 8 , 7) 7 valence electrons
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Bonds
2. Covalent Bonds: The sharing of electrons so both energy levels are filled.Very strong bond.Found in most living things
BondsBonds
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Single bonds: single pair of electrons is shared.Ex: H2O CH4
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Double bonds: two pairs (4 electrons) are shared Example: CO2 or O2
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Molecule: collection of two or more atoms. Example: C6H12O6 (Glucose)
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Inorganic MoleculesDo not contain CarbonExamples: Water, minerals, salt,
and sand.
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Organic Molecules
Carbon-containing molecules
2 Million different compounds
Ability to form strong and stable covalent bonds.
Carbon chains -- unlimited length
Carbon rings
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HydrocarbonsCompound consisting of only carbon
and hydrogenSimplest organic molecule
Alkane AlkeneAlkyne
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Naming Hydrocarbons
Based on the number of carbons
Prefixes: 1 - Meth 2 - Eth 3 - Prop 4 - But 5 - Pent 6 - Hex 7 - Hept 8 - Oct 9 - Non 10 - Dec
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Suffixes:-ane Single Bonds-ene Double Bonds-yne Triple Bonds
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How do we figure out the # of H’s & C’s????
Formulas: n = Number of Carbons (C)-ane (all single bonds) CnH2(n) + 2-ene (double bond) CnH2(n)
-yne (triple bond) CnH2(n) - 2
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Ex: Ethane Prefix – Eth Suffix – ane What do these tell us?
2 Carbons (surrounded by H)Single bonds
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Using the formula for alkanes: CnH2(n) + 2 Eth = 2 Carbons C2H6
Draw Ethane:
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Try another…… Propane
Using the formula for alkanes: CnH2(n) + 2 Prop = 3 Carbons C3H8
Draw Propane:
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One more…… Propene
Using the formula for alkenes: CnH2(n) (One Double Bond!) Prop = 3 Carbons C3H6
Draw Propene: