Download - Boiling Points - Distillations
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Boiling Points - Distillations
Ethylene glycol,HOCH2CH2OH, boils at198oC and melts at -13o C.
What happens to the meltingpoint of water if you addantifreeze?
Melting point goes down.
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What happens to theboiling point of water ifyou add antifreeze?
The boiling point goes up.
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Mixtures
Solids Usually melt low
LiquidsUsually boilbetween the twocomponents
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Vapor pressure of water vs. temperature
Solution boils when the vapor pressure =applied pressure
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If you add salt, NaCl,to water what happensto the melting point?
Impurities depressthe melting point soit goes down.
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If you add salt, NaCl,to water what happensto the boiling point?
The boiling pointgoes up.
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Raoult’s Law
ObservedPressure
Pure Substance
Mole Fraction
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C
O
CH3CH3
Acetoneb.p = 56o Benzene
b.p. = 80o
Two Volatile Liquids
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Two Volatile LiquidsPa = Po
a * Naa
Pb = Pob * Nbb
Mixture boils when
Pa + Pb = Papplied
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Plot of boiling point vs. mole fractionfor a mixture of acetone and benzene.
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Boiling point of an acetone-benzene mixturewith a mole fraction benzene of 0.50
What is the composition of the vapor?
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Vapor richer in the lower boiling component
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Fractional Distillation
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Packed Column
HETP = 1.5 cm
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Vigreux Column
HETP = 10 cm
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Which column hasthe greater holdup?
Packed because it has thelarger surface area.
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Which column would youuse to separate a mixtureof pentane, b.p. 36o andoctane, b.p. 99o?
Vigreux
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Which column would youuse to separate a mixture ofmethyl alcohol, b.p. 65o andwater, b.p. 100o ?
Packed
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CH3OHmethyl alcoholmethanolb.p. = 64.7o
H2Owaterb.p. = 100o
ExperimentSeparate mixture of methanol and water.Plot volume distilled vs. temperature.
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CH3OH
Methyl alcohol is toxic!
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Standard Taper Joints
14/20
20 mm
14 mm
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Grease joints toprevent sticking.
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Plug the thermowell into thevariable transformer
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Put boiling chips in bottom of flask
Boiling Chips
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ThermometerAdapter
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Digital Thermometer
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Probe fordigitalthermometer
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Water in
Water out
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IDEAL MIXTURES:
Same interactions between likeand unlike molecules
NONIDEAL MIXTURES:
Strong attractions between likemoleculesStrong attractions between unlikemolecules
A.
B.
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Ethanol - Benzene
Minimum - boiling azeotrope
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Acetone - Chloroform
Maximum-boiling azeotrope
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Simple Distillation
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