Download - BM-1
BASIN MODELING
! the burial history of the basin (back-‐stripping).
! the thermal history of the basin (thermal history modeling).
! the maturity history of the source rocks.
! the expulsion, migration and trapping of hydrocarbons.
By doing so, valuable inferences can be made about such matters as hydrocarbon generation and timing, maturity of potential source rocks and migration paths of expelled hydrocarbons.
Basin modeling is the term broadly applied to a group of geological disciplines that can be used to analyze the formation and evolution of sedimentary basins, often but not exclusively to aid evaluation of potential hydrocarbon reserves. At its most basic, a basin modeling exercise must assess:
BASIN MODELING SOFTWARE
• BasinMod • BMT (Basin Modelling Toolbox) • Genesis • Migri • NovvaPermedia (former Mpath) • PetroMod • TemisFlow • MOVE
BASINMOD 2014 Platte River Associates, Inc.
http://www.platte.com/software/basinmod-‐2012.html
Model the volume of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion through time for multiple wells. Both conventional and unconventional resource plays can be modeled. A wide range of other values are modeled including maturity, porosity, permeability, pressure and temperature, all of which can be used to further analyze the petroleum system.
Burial History Diagenesis and Pressure Thermal History Source Rock Organic Richness
Maturity Erosion Handling of LAS Logs
BASINMOD 2D Platte River Associates, Inc.
BasinMod 2-‐D models dynamic geologic conditions within a petroleum system, by examining hydrocarbon generation from source rocks through secondary migration and accumulation in traps.
http://www.platte.com/software/basinmod-‐2-‐d.html
Model building: Import data including BasinMod model files, digitized or scanned cross sections, or interpreted horizons (e.g., Charisma, Landmark, or GeoQuest). Easily handle complex stratigraphy, including complicated unconformities. Vary surface temperature and heat flow through time. Model lateral and vertical facies successions. Graphically display and edit chronostratigraphic section.
Calculations: Calculation engine combines backstripping and forward modeling. Calculate values for all cells in a calculation grid. The variation of pressure and fluids in adjacent cells drives migration. Uses finite difference method for thermal and fluid flow calculations. Fluid flow along faults may be or automated or manually controlled. Calculate effects of mobile substrates (e.g., salt, shale) through time.
BMT (Basin Modeling Toolbox) Tectonor AS
http://www.tectonor.com/expertise/basin-‐modelling BMT is a 2D system built up of 6 modeling modules: 1. Geohistory module where the basin geometry is reconstructed through time, by removing one-‐by-‐one layer and decompacting the sediments underneath, and by restoring the faults. 2. Isostasy module calculates the response to sediment loading or unloading (erosion) and fault movements. 3. Tectonic module, where the subsidence/uplift of extensional is calculated 4. Temperature module calculates the temperature history of the basin, which is dependent on the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of rocks, porosity, and heat flow during lithospheric thinning. The resulting present day temperature is calibrated to temperature measurements from well data. 5. Maturation module where temperature history is the basis for the calculation of the thermal maturation of organic matter. The result is calibrated to well data of vitrinite reflectance or apatite fission tracks. 6. Diagenesis module that calculates chemical compaction by quartz diagenesis.
GENESIS ZetaWare
http://www.zetaware.com/products/trinity/index.html Use of advanced theories and still easy to use 1-‐D modeling tool.
• models the full lithosphere in the transient thermal model so heat flow can be predicted away from well control and through geological time.
• a source rock facies data base to link lithofacies with kinetic models. Genesis will provide a mixture of analog kinetics parameters to best describe your source rock.
• modified/improved Rift heat flow modeling to account for radiogenic heat component loss during rifting. The traditional models over-‐predict heat flow and maturity in such basins.
• lithology mixing in Genesis is unique. The different lithologies in a formation are handled as truly inter-‐bedded layers, while other 1D models just average the parameters to make up a new lithology for each formation
• genesis handles complex geology such as thrusting, faulting, salt movement in the PDE solver directly so all the effects are simulated. Some of the competitor products can only mimic the geometry change but not the processes.
• modifed/Improved the quartz cementation model developed by Walderhaug (1994) and made it available by the click of a button.
MIGRI Migris AS
http://www.migris.no/software/migri/ The Migri migration simulator simulates, animates and visualizes the migration of hydrocarbons through interactive 3D models. The basin modeling software combines probabilistic Monte Carlo techniques with innovative migration modeling process description to reduce geological uncertainties and assess the petroleum systems and charge risks in the exploration acreage. The aim is to perform simulations at seismic resolution with complex geometries while retaining interactivity to allow for high turn-‐around of analysis results. The visualization solution is tightly coupled with the simulator in an interactive system. This enables exploration geologists to run many alternative scenarios in hours rather than days. Migri uses a dynamic mesh (flow path) technique to transport hydrocarbons from their generation location, via primary migration, secondary migration and into structural and/or stratigraphic traps. Tertiary leakage and the spill from traps processes are also simulated through time. Migration is modeled to occur in regular and/or irregular mesh elements and may be influenced by sealing faults in a model typically close to the seismic scales in resolution. Hydrocarbon saturations within the computing nodes are considered to be non-‐constant and hysteresis leakage effects are considered.
Layers and sub layers in Migri, color-‐coded for Vshale (0-‐100%)
Modeled migration flow-‐rates along a carrier bed
NOVVA Sirius Exploration Geochemistry Inc
http://siriusxgc.com/novva/ Version 1.0 of Novva software for geologic investigation and integration, was released on 23 June 2014. Novva models burial and thermal history, as well as maturity and hydrocarbon generation, in ways similar to other 1D modeling software. However, Novva establishes and achieves three major additional objectives that make it the tool of choice for 1D modeling, and for enhancing geologic understanding and generating new exploration ideas. Novva’s unique interview format guides the user through the model-‐building and optimization process. Default values are provided for most required data (e.g., lithologies and their properties, compaction methods, correction of down hole temperatures, kerogen kinetics), and clear explanations (with references) are given for all aspects of the model-‐building process. This comprehensiveness and flexibility offer a wide range of options for solving most modeling problems. Novva relieves many tedious and difficult burdens for modelers by performing automatic correction of down hole temperature data, and automatic optimization of porosity and present-‐day temperature. Modeling thus becomes much faster and easier, and the results are more consistent.
PERMEDIA Halliburton -‐ Landmark
Provides a complete end-‐to-‐end workflow for basin modeling: build sophisticated earth models, forward model pressures and temperatures, add source generation and seal characteristics, and migrate fluids using the most advanced simulator in the industry. An easy to use 1D (well data) basin modeling toolkit. Start from actual well data or a spreadsheet and build 1D basin models, perform well and source rock analysis, and create pressure from wire line studies. Collaborative calibration, custom source rocks, enhanced scripting and OpenWorks® database support, even faster migration, dusty gas diffusion model. Permedia Viewers software and basin modeling tools of Permedia Petroleum Systems software, Permedia Suite software adds reservoir fluid modeling, integrating reservoir and basin workflows. In 2011, MPath software was renamed Permedia software, and the first version was released in December. Conducting 1D basin modeling in frontier exploration areas and shale field developments. Model sediment maturities, heat flow, compaction, source rock potential and any number of derived properties based on your own workflows.
http://www.permedia.ca
PETROMOD 1D/2D/3D Schlumberger
http://www.software.slb.com/products/foundation/Pages/petromod.aspx
PetroMod petroleum systems modeling software combines seismic, well, and geological information to model the evolution of a sedimentary basin. The software predicts if, and how, a reservoir has been charged with hydrocarbons, including the source and timing of hydrocarbon generation, migration routes, quantities, and hydrocarbon type in the subsurface or at surface conditions. Large-‐scale geologic petroleum systems models (1D, 2D, or 3D) cover areas ranging from a single charge area for a prospect to regional studies of entire basins to multibasin resource assessments. The models are dynamic, which means they provide a complete record of the structural evolution, temperature, and pressure history, as well as the effects on generation, migration, accumulation, and loss of oil and gas in a petroleum system through geologic time. Properties such as gas/oil ratios (GOR) and API gravities can be analyzed, understood, and predicted. Petroleum systems modeling (PSM) is a vital component of exploration risk assessment—from basin to prospect. It can be applied during all stages of exploration, from frontier basins with no well control, to well-‐explored areas and charge assessments of single prospects or fields. Even in producing areas, charge risk on a prospect scale is an essential component of a fully integrated risk assessment. The 3D petroleum systems model includes all the key elements of geological risk in exploration (trap, reservoir, charge, seal, and timing of hydrocarbon generation, migration, and loss) and enables rigorous risk analyses.
SEMI Sintef
Modeling migration and entrapment of oil and gas from source rocks to traps in three dimensions, and thereby provide quantitative estimates of the amounts and phases of hydrocarbons in (undrilled) traps. SEMI (SEcondary MIgration) has built in functions for simulating the generation and expulsion of oil and gas from source rocks. SEMI also models the processes that cause hydrocarbons to migrate out of traps. SEMI allow user to utilize all the available data and concepts in the building of the geological model and the representation of the hydrocarbon system. It is easy to import results from most other basin modeling tools and thus take advantage of mapping and modeling work which already exists. Geological input data often exist as a combination of scattered well data, coarse grids in the deep parts of the basin and high resolution seismic coverage in the prospective areas. SEMI is designed to utilize all available data to its full extent, by allowing for running multi-‐resolution simulations and providing tools for bridging the gap between single-‐point information and regional data. SEMI easily incorporate new information into old models, as it becomes available, allowing for efficient re-‐usage of existing basin models.
http://www.sintef.no/home/SINTEF-‐Petroleum-‐Research/Software/SEMI/
The illustration shows modeled oil flow rates and hydrocarbon accumulations (dark green=oil, red=gas) in a multi-‐carrier model from the Norwegian North Sea.
TEMISFLOW BeicipFranlab
http://www.beicip.com/petroleum-‐system-‐assessment TemisFlow is the next-‐generation solution for multi-‐dimensional basin modeling, offering all the functionalities required to understand and model oil and gas generation, migration and accumulation processes. Built upon 30 years of R&D for numerical modeling of petroleum systems, it enjoys a unique reputation for scientific rigor and sound physical basis. TemisFlow unified workflow offers the following key stages: • Present day model building (1D, M1D, 2D, 3D, LGR) • Restoration through time • Simulations (temperature, maturity, expulsion, pressure, migration) • Calibration • Post-‐Processing • Step by step workflow TemisFlow applicability ranges from regional resources evaluation and play assessment, prospect generation and ranking to pre-‐drill risk assessment, including pore pressure prediction and drilling optimization in overpressured areas.
GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK AND GEOGRID, BACKSTRIPPING, ADVANCED RESTORATION PROCESS, SALT RESTORATION, MAP EDITOR , LITHOLOGY MANAGEMENT, DIAGENESIS
MOVE Midland Valley
http://www.mve.com/software/move Fully integrated 2D and 3D model building and analysis. Move is the core application of the Move suite. It provides a powerful stand-‐alone environment for data integration, cross-‐section construction and 3D model building and forms the base for the specialist structural modules for 2D and 3D kinematic, geomechanical, fracture, and sediment modeling and stress analysis. The Move application provides a platform, which integrates geo-‐referenced 2D and 3D views, allowing over a 100 different data formats to be combined. The integrated views can be used to construct geologically valid cross-‐sections and 3D models using manual and automated tools. The 2D/3D space provides the best practice environment to develop models, which can then be directly tested and validated using the kinematic modules. Use the orientation plots, cross plots, stereoplots, rose diagrams and object property tables to thoroughly investigate the model and construction process. Move is used to look for maximum value from data, in any tectonic regime.
REFERENCES
• Duppenbecker S. J. and Eliffe J. E., Basin Modelling: Practice and Progress, Geological Society Special Publication, (1998). ISBN 1-‐86239-‐008-‐8 • Lerche I., Basin Analysis: Quantitative Methods v.2, Academic Press (1990). ISBN 0-‐12-‐444173-‐4 • Hantschel, T. and Kauerauf, A.I., Fundamentals of Basin and Petroleum Systems Modeling, Springer (2009). ISBN 978-‐3-‐540-‐72317-‐2
Author Stig-‐Arne Kristoffersen is a Corporate exec with substantial corporate experience. Stig-‐Arne provide preemptive support in German or English, with basic skill set in Russian.
Kristoffersen focus on Knowledge Based Information processes and systems within oil and gas industry, contract drafting, asset negotiations within real estate and energy sectors. Stig Arne has a broad experience in all aspects of Geo-‐science. Direct experience with energy business, technical consulting and venture capital.
Stig has extensive experience in play development and prospect generation in various basins globally. Stig Arne has performed a large variation of risk assessment as part of prospect maturation with HI-‐end tools from various vendors like Schlumberger, Paladin, SMT etc.
Stig Arne has participated in multiple projects with efficient Exploration and Production of oil and gas resources, and experience in making quick turnaround from resource to reserves. Utilizing acceptable international renown techniques to achieve the goal of the projects are always the goal.
www.Valioso.Rocks