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BLOODY SUNDAY
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"Bloody Sunday" refers to the March 7, 1965, civil rights march was supposed to go from
Selma to the capitol of Alabama,
Montgomery, to protest the shooting
death of civil rights activist
Jimmy Lee Jackson.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSVNPHi4MQc
http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1635http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1833http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-2011http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-2011https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSVNPHi4MQc
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Jimmy Lee Jackson is remembered as a catalyst for the Bloody Sunday march because of his tragic death at just 26 years old. At the hands of an Alabama state trooper, James Fowler, during a small peaceful protest in Marion, Perry County, Jackson was shot in the stomach as the troopers tried to break up the protest. Jackson was taken 50 miles to the hospital coloreds for treatment, where he died eight days later.
His death was eulogized by Martin Luther King Jr., and
other movement leaders who called for a march from
Selma to Montgomery to protest Jackson's death and advocate for voting rights.
javascript:void(0);http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1426http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1114http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1114
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At a memorial service for Jackson, Rev. James Bevel of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) called for blacks to follow the example of the Biblical Queen Esther, who risked her life by going to the King of Persia to appeal for her people.
Bevel stated that the activists must similarly march to Montgomery to demand protection from Gov. George C. Wallace.
http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1909http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1909http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1909http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1676javascript:void(0);
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• Two days later, civil rights leader Martin Luther
King Jr. offered the support of the SCLC to
head up a march from Selma to Montgomery on
Sunday, March 7, to protest Jackson's death
and to push for voting rights
The members of the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC) refused to support the march,
however, because they believed that
the objectives of the march did not
justify the danger. But its leaders
agreed to let SNCC president John
Lewis take part as an individual.
http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1426http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1426javascript:void(0);http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1847http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1847http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1841http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1841
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http://lifenthe60s.blogspot.com/
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Alabama Governor Wallace, had hesitated over whether or not to permit the march, but
finally decided to direct the Alabama State
Troopers to stop the marchers once they had
left the city limits of Selma by crossing the
Edmund Pettus Bridge. Wallace asked for the city police and county police
to assist the troopers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_C_Wallace_%28Alabama_Governor%29.png
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Selma's public safety director Wilson Baker, who
was in charge of the city police, refused to let his
men join the troopers in what he feared would
become a brutal attack on the marchers.
Wilson begged Selma’s Mayor, Joe Smitherman,
to let him head off such a clash by arresting the
marchers before they crossed the bridge.
But Mayor Smitherman, who had complete faith
in Governor Wallace's promise to disperse the
marchers without undue violence, refused.
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On Sunday, March 7, the state troopers along with Sheriff Clark’s deputies and horse-mounted posse, were assembled at the end of the Edmund Pettus Bridge by 12 noon.
Although, the march did not begin on time, however, because Dr. King had not returned from Atlanta, and there was a good deal of confusion about whether or not to postpone the march. Finally when King was reached by phone, he gave permission to proceed without him.
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When the marchers first left
Brown Chapel AME Church
at 1:40 p.m. they were
stopped by the Safety
Director, Wilson Baker, who
ordered them to follow the
usual rules for such events:
marching two-by-two, five
feet apart. The
demonstrators went to a
nearby playground to
regroup and set out once
again at 2:18 p.m.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Chapel_A.M.E._Church_%28Selma,_Alabama%29
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Under the leadership of Hosea Williams of
SCLC and John Lewis of SNCC, they marched
to Broad and across the Edmund Pettus
Bridge.
http://www.ctpost.com/news/us/article/AP-PHOTOS-Anniversary-of-Bloody-Sunday-march-4324927.php
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The commander of the state
troopers, Major Cloud, announced that the Governor
Wallace has forbidden the
march and gave the marchers 2 minutes to turn
back.
http://www.ctpost.com/news/us/article/AP-PHOTOS-Anniversary-of-Bloody-Sunday-march-4324927.php
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When the marchers did not obey promptly, Major
Cloud ordered the troopers to advance.
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At first, the troopers simply shoved the marchers
back with billy clubs held at both ends,
but soon they began lashing out.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bloody_Sunday-officers_await_demonstrators.jpeg
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They deployed 40 canisters of tear gas, 12
cans of smoke, and 8 cans of nausea gas,
and began chasing the marchers back
across the bridge.
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The troopers and the mounted posse pursued the
fleeing 600 peaceful marchers all the way back to
Brown Chapel, beating people as they went.
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Wilson Baker, the
Safety Director,
then confronted
Sherriff Clark and
told him to take
control of his men
and leave the
area. Sherriff
Clark reluctantly
withdrew his
forces.
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• It was now possible for ambulances to pick up the injured and race them to Selma's two black hospitals.
• 56 patients were treated at the two hospitals, with 18 being admitted overnight, including John Lewis, who had a fractured skull.
http://mrmokelly.com/tag/john-lewis/
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• The television coverage shocked the nation. • It provoked an outpouring of support for
the voting rights movement from whites
throughout the country including priests,
ministers, nuns, rabbis, labor leaders,
students, and ordinary citizens who
poured into Selma to stand with the
marchers.
• An estimated 800 volunteers from 22
states arrived in Selma in the days after
Bloody Sunday.
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President Lyndon Johnson
and key members of
Congress who had been
dubious about the need for a
voting rights bill now committed
themselves to its passage.
http://fineartamerica.com/featured/president-lyndon-johnson-1908-1973-everett.html
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On Tuesday, March 9, 1965 the marchers made a
second attempt, led by Rev. Dr. ML King, but were
turned back at the end of the bridge again, earning the
day’s nickname "Turnaround Tuesday."
http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0211/48832.html
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Finally, a 3rd and
successful attempt
began under the
protection of the
Alabama National
Guard as ordered by
President Johnson on
Sunday, March 21.
The marchers finally
reached Montgomery
on the 50 mile walk on Thursday, March 25.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_%281955%E2%80%931968%29http://www2.facinghistory.org/Campus/Events.nsf/HTMLProfessionalDevelopment/097F697109EEBCAC8525760F0065ED85?Opendocument
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The Voting Rights Bill that King, Lewis,
and so many other civil rights leaders had
sought was signed into law August 6, 1965.
http://www.core-online.org/History/voting_rights.htm
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March 3, 2013
http://www.ctpost.com/news/us/article/AP-PHOTOS-Anniversary-of-Bloody-Sunday-march-4324927.php
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March 3, 2013
http://www.ctpost.com/news/us/article/AP-PHOTOS-Anniversary-of-Bloody-Sunday-march-4324927.php
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March 3, 2013
http://news.yahoo.com/photos/u-rep-john-lewis-d-ga-points-where-photo-005757352.html;_ylt=ArjlpNUfK.7yG.KJsFrZ7u61qHQA;_ylu=X3oDMTQ1Mmpwb29jBG1pdANBcnRpY2xlIFJlbGF0ZWQgTGVhZARwa2cDNzFjYTdhYWUtNWM2MS0zMTMwLTllMzMtODFhNWFjYzUyYTBkBHBvcwMxBHNlYwNNZWRpYUFydGljbGVMZWFkBHZlcgNiODE5NjlhMC04NDY2LTExZTItYjZmZi1kZDMwNTBlZWRkYzM-;_ylg=X3oDMTJtcm40czdxBGludGwDdXMEbGFuZwNlbi11cwRwc3RhaWQDMGI5ZDJjNjgtYTEwZS0zNmNjLTk3ZDgtYmY1Y2FmMzgxN2Q3BHBzdGNhdAN1LXMEcHQDc3RvcnlwYWdl;_ylv=3
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March 3, 2013
http://www.ctpost.com/news/us/article/AP-PHOTOS-Anniversary-of-Bloody-Sunday-march-4324927.php
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Jubilee
• http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ap-photos-18644482
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzySzN5nkxI
• http://www.11alive.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=181179
http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ap-photos-18644482http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ap-photos-18644482http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ap-photos-18644482http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ap-photos-18644482http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ap-photos-18644482http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzySzN5nkxIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzySzN5nkxIhttp://www.11alive.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=181179http://www.11alive.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=181179
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http://www.habitatsvaz.org/News___Events_Y1YW.html
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Lyrical tribute to
Bloody Sunday • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a115XUCoq_g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a115XUCoq_g
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Student Response to Bloody Sunday Using evidence from your notes,
students will write either:
• Monologue
• Poem
• Essay response
• Song/rap
…to describe the events using
figurative language and offer
commentary about
Bloody Sunday.