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Blood tests
There are also several blood tests that can aid in evaluating kidneyfunction. These include:
Blood urea nitrogen test (BUN).Urea is a by-product of protein metabolism.This aste product is formed in the liver! then filtered from the blood and
e"creted in the urine by the kidneys. The BUN test measures the amount of
nitrogen contained in the urea. #igh BUN levels can indicate kidney dysfunction!
but because blood urea nitrogen is also affected by protein intake and liver
function! the test is usually done in con$unction ith a blood creatinine! a more
specific indicator of kidney function.
%reatinine test. This test measures blood levels of creatinine! a by-product of
muscle energy metabolism that! like urea! is filtered from the blood by the
kidneys and e"creted into the urine. &roduction of creatinine depends on an
individual's muscle mass! hich usually fluctuates very little. ith normal kidney
function! then! the amount of creatinine in the blood remains relatively constant
and normal. or this reason! and because creatinine is affected very little by liver
function! an elevated blood creatinine is a more sensitive indication of impaired
kidney function than the BUN.
*ther blood tests. +easurement of the blood levels of other elements
regulated in part by the kidneys can also be useful in evaluating kidney function.
These include sodium! potassium! chloride! bicarbonate! calcium! magnesium!
phosphorus! protein! uric acid! and glucose
&reparation
%ertain dietary and,or medication restrictions may be imposed for some of the
blood tests. The patient may also be instructed to avoid e"ercise for a period of
time before a test.
ftercare
f medication as discontinued prior to blood kidney function test! it may be
resumed once the test is completed.
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/isks
/isks of these tests are minimal! but may include slight bleeding from a blood
draing site hematoma ( accumulation of blood under a puncture site) or fainting
or feeling light headed after venipuncture. in addition suspension of medication or
dietary changes imposed in preparation for some blood tests may trigger side
effects in some individuals.
Normal results
Normal values for many tests are determined by the patient's age and se".
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN).0-12 mg,dl
%reatinine. 2.0-3.1 mg,dl for males! and 2.4-2.5 mg,dl for females
bnormal results
6o clearance values for creatinine indicate diminished ability of the kidneys to
filter these aste products from the blood and e"crete them in the urine. s
clearance levels decrease! blood levels of creatinine increase. 7ince it can be
affected by other factors! an elevated BUN! by itself! is suggestive! but not
diagnostic! for kidney dysfunction. n abnormally elevated blood creatinine! a
more specific and sensitive indicator of kidney disease than the BUN! isdiagnostic of impaired kidney function.
8ey terms
Blood urea nitrogen(BUN)-The nitrogen portion of urea in the
bloodstream. urea is a aste product of protein metabolism in the body.
%reatinine- the metaboli9ed by product of cretainine! an organic acid that
assists the body in producing muscle contractions. cretainine is found in
the bloodstream and in muscle tissue. t is removed from the blood by the
kidneys and e"creted in the urine!
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