Download - Biotic Environment _ Final
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Environment
47 Parin Shah
48 PoojaShahani
57 DhwaniVibhakar
05 Nikita Chitalia
07 DhavalDhruv
42 Hardik M Shah
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Introduction
Definition-
Environment can be defined as the natural surroundings of that
organism which directly or indirectly influences the growth and
development of the organism.
Ecology the study of the inter-relationships between the organism
and its environment
Ecosystem is a branch of study of the inter relationships of theorganism with its environment.
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Components of Environment
The following classification of the environment is given by British
literature
Here the components are classified in terms of biotic and abiotic
based upon life. The biotic components are further listed as producers, consumers
and decomposers and the abiotic components are classified as
climatic(water, air)and edaphic(land).
It is from this component system that the study of structure of
ecosystem was evolved.
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Structure of Environment
Environment
Biotic
producers Consumers decomposers
Abiotic
Climatic edaphic
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Biotic Environment The word comes from Bio
meaning life
It includes all the living things thatwe see around us like plants,
animals, fungi, microorganisms
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Abiotic Environment It includes all the physical
components of the environment
These are the componentsnecessary for the biotic
environment for their survival
This environment includes air,water, soil, temperature, wind,
source of energy (usually sun)
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Abiotic factors include:
Sunlight
Water
Temperature
Wind
Soil/substrate
Special events such as:
Fires
Hurricanes Floods
Volcanic eruptions
Tsunamis
Abiotic factors are the non-living
Components of the Environment
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The Different Abiotic Factors Water is a chemical
substance with the chemicalformula H2o. A watermolecule contains oneoxygen and two hydrogen
atoms connected bycovalent bonds. Water is aliquid at ambientconditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solidstate, ice, and gaseous state(water vapor or steam).Water also exists in a liquidcrystal state nearhydrophilic surfaces.
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Oxygen (O) is a chemicalelement. In nature,
oxygen is a gas with no
color or smell. Oxygen is a
very important element
because it is a part of theair people breathe and
the water people drink.
Because of this, oxygen
supports life. All living
things (including humans)
need oxygen to live.
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Sunlight, in the broad sense, is
the total frequency spectrum of
electromagnetic radiation given
off by the Sun, particularly
infrared, visible, and ultraviolet
light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered
through the Earth's atmosphere,
and solar radiation is obvious as
daylight when the Sun is above
the horizon.
When the direct solar radiation is
not blocked by clouds, it is
experienced as sunshine, a
combination of bright light and
radiant heat. When it is blockedby the clouds or reflects off of
other objects, it is experienced as
diffused light.
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Wind is air that moves over theearth's surface. Wind is movingair. Wind can move so softlythat it can hardly be felt. Or itmay blow so hard and fast that
it smashes over trees andbuildings.
Wind is often defined as thehorizontal movement of airrelative to the earth's surface.
All winds, from gentle breezesto raging hurricanes, are causedby differences in thetemperature of the atmosphere,by rotation of the Earth, and byunequal heating of the
continents and the oceans. Thesun heats the earth's surfacesunevenly. Air above hot areasexpands and rises. Air fromcooler areas then flows in toreplace the heated air. Thisprocess is called circulation.
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is emittedin a number of ways. It isemitted naturally through thecarbon cycle and throughhuman activities like theburning of fossil fuels.
Natural sources of CO2 occurwithin the carbon cycle wherebillions of tons of atmosphericCO2 are removed from theatmosphere by oceans andgrowing plants, also known assinks, and are emitted backinto the atmosphere annuallythrough natural processes also
known as sources. When inbalance, the total carbondioxide emissions and removalsfrom the entire carbon cycle areroughly equal
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Other Abiotic Factors Here are some abiotic factors that you may not have thought about.
Calcium: The lack of availability of calcium will restrict the distribution
of land snails. If there is no calcium a shell cant be secreted.
Sand: the size of the sand grains in the soil can impact animal that are
burrowers.
Nitrogen: Not just nitrogen, but nitrate (NO3). This is the form of
nitrogen used by plants. When nitrate is not readily available in thesoil, some plants supplement it with a meat diet. (insectivorous
plants).
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Biotic Factors The living components of an ecosystem are known as
the biotic factors - living biological factors that
influence the other organisms or environment of an
ecosystem. Biotic factors interact as : Producers, consumers,
detrivores, decomposers, parasite, host, predator,
competitor, herbivore, symbiant and pathogen.
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Biotic Factors
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Biotic Components
A producer is an organism that makes its own
food from light energy or chemical energy.
Most green plants that are one-celled
organisms like slime molds and bacteria are
producers. Producers are the base of the food
chain.
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A consumer is a living thing that eats other living things tostay alive. It cannot make its own food like a producer butrelies on producers for their source of food.
Consumers divide into :Primary consumers herbivores that feed on plants
directly.
Secondary consumers carnivores that feed on
primary consumers
directly.
Tertiary consumers carnivores or omnivores that
feed on secondary consumer.
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Decomposers Without Decomposers the Tropical Rain Forest would be piled high
with branches, rotting trees decaying fruits. All of the decomposersteam up and work together to decompose plant matter
Although by far the smallest biotics, the microscopic organisms aresome of the most important. Plankton, viruses and bacteria are allvital microscopic biotic organism. Bacteria can either be helpful,breaking down dead organisms into nutritious matter and helpinglarger organisms digest food, or harmful, spreading infections.
Plankton is a vital resource in ocean ecosystem, and viruses have atremendous impact on the health of environments, althoughnegative.
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WHAT ARE TROPHIC LEVELS
TROPHIC LEVELS ARE THE POSITION
THAT AN ORGANISM (OR GROUP
OF ORGANISMS) OCCUPIES IN THE
FOOD CHAIN
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MAJOR TROPHIC LEVELS ARE
PRODUCERS,CONSUMER,AND
DECOMPOSER
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PRODUCERS
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + SOLAR ENERGY = C6H12O6+ O2
PHOTOSYNTHESIS COMPLEX CHEMICAL
REACTION IN WHICH PRODUCER USE
CHLOROPHYLL TO CONVERT CARBON DIOXIDEINTO GLUCOSE AND OXYGEN
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CONSUMERS
- RESPIRATION THE
CHEMICAL REACTION
IN WHICH OXYGEN
AND GLUCOSE
PROVIDE ENERGY FOR
AN ORGANISM
C6H12O6+ O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY
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ENERGY TRANSFERS
HEAT LOSS TO ENVIRONMENT
CONVERTED TO LIGHT
LOST BETWEEN TROPHIC LEVELS
RE-RADIATED TO ATMOSPHERE
AS ENERGY IS EXCHANGED IT IS CONVERTED
BUT NOT LOST.
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MEASURING GROSS PRODUCTIVITY
THE TOTAL GAIN IN ENERGY OR BIOMASS
PER UNIT TIME WHICH COULD BE
THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS (GPP) OR
ABSORBSION IN THE CONSUMER (GP)
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MEASURING PRODUCTIVITY
GPP THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ENERGY
GAINED THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS
GP THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ENERGY
GAINED IN PLANT CONSUMERS
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MEASURING NET PRODUCTIVITY
THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY THAT IS
AVAILABLE AFTER THE ENERGY LOSS FROM
RESPIRATION
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MEASURING NET PRODUCTIVITY
IT IS THE NET PRODUCTIVY WHICH
REPRESENTS THAT AMOUNT OF ENERY
AVAILABLE FOR THE NEXT HIGHER TROPHIC
LEVEL
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GENERALLY, ONLY 10% OF THE ENERGY MAKES IT
FROM THE LOWER LEVEL TO THE NEXT HIGHER LEVEL
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Interaction
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INTERACTION
Organisms and their environment always
interact
Humans have changed environment on a
larger scale than any other species
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Oxygen Cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle
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