Download - Biometric
Presented By:SAGAR DEOKATE
KIRAN WANGIKAR
CONTENTS
Biometrics OverviewNeed of BiometricsWorking PrincipalPhysical ModesBehavioral ModesApplicationsBenefitsConcernConclusion
Biometrics Overview
Automated methods of identifying or verifying the identity of a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic
Better than traditional method.
Definition:
Physical: Fingerprint Facial Recognition Hand Geometry Iris Scan Retinal Scan DNA
Behavioral: Speaker Recognition Signature Recognition
NEED
Traditional methods have some flawsTo secure access to building, computer
system, laptop, phone, ATM, bank account, & many more.
For security & reduce financial fraud. To prevent fraudulent acts like faking ID
badges or licenses.Types of biometric: 1. single model biometric system. 2. multi model biometric system.
WORKING PRINCIPAL
1.Enrollment Adding biometric information to data file.
2.Input Device Sensors, cameras etc
3. Comparison with the database.4. Decision
WORKING
Biometrics Overview
Verification Matching against a single record. It is 1:1 matching
Identification Matching against all record in the database. It is 1:N matching.
Ways to recognize a person:
Error and Accuracy
2 types of errors:False rejection: When an actual client gets identified as
imposter.False acceptance: When an actual imposter gets
identified as client.
Accuracy:FRR =number of false rejections/number of client accesses
FAR = number of false acceptance/number of client accesses
TER=(no of FA+no of FR)/total no accesses.
PHYSICAL MODES
o Fingerprinto Facial Recognitiono Hand Geometryo Iris Scano Retinal Scano DNA
Fingerprint
Typical System: fingerprint scanner maps the series of whorls, ridges, furrows and minutiae on the surface of the finger
Optical sensor and Solid State sensor are used.
Fingerprint structure
FACIAL RECOGNITION
Typical system: digital video camera input of a person’s face images- measures facial structure; compares against database
2 Methods:Face geometryFacial thermograph: uses infrared heat scans to
identify facial characteristics.
HAND GEOMETRY
Analyses and computes features like length and width of finger, ratio of palm or fingers, width and thickness of the palm.
Basic procedure involves taking images of top and side views of hand using camera.
Iris Recognition
Iris analysisTypical system: scanner analyzes features
like rings, furrows, and freckles existing in the colored tissue surrounding the pupil.
Sophisticated camera uses infrared imager to capture high resolution photograph.
Advantage:o Iris is well protected area of eye with minimum
possibility of injury.
Retina Scanning
Analysis of layer of blood vessels at the back of the eye
Typical system: low-intensity infrared light source and an optical coupler to scan a unique vascular pattern of retina and its reflection is recorded.
Most accurate and reliable method.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
A DNA sample is used to produce either a DNA fingerprint or a DNA profile
Comparison of alleles of DNA sequences found in nuclear genetic material.
Used in medical field and forensic investigation purpose.
BEHAVIORAL MODE
Speaker Recognition Signature Recognition
Speaker Recognition
Voice recognition and analysisTypical system: uses the pitch, pattern,
tone, frequency, rhythm of speech for identification purposes; only biometric that allows users to authenticate remotely.
3 types:Fixed text methodText dependent methodText independent method
Signature Recognition
Handwriting analysis Typical System: user will sign on a tablet, the
device will record pressure, speed, sequence and shape of characters and compare to a database.
Verification is based on features like no. of interior contours and no. of vertical slope components.
Rarely used method.
Comparison Chart Accuracy/Reliability
Biometric Accuracy Reliability Errors
Fingerprint Very High High Dirt, dryness
Facial Recognition High Medium Hair, glasses, age
Hand Geometry High Medium Hand injury
Iris Scan Very High High Poor lighting
Retinal Scan Very High High Glasses
DNA Very High High none
Speaker Recognition Medium Low Noise, colds
Signature Recognition Medium Low Changing signatures
Accuracy: How well can the specific biometric is able to tell individual apartReliability: how dependable the specific biometric is for recognition purposes
APPLICATIONS
BIOMETRIC TECH
APPLICATIONS
FINGERPRINTS Law enforcement, entry devices for offices and colleges, enterprise security; medical and financial
FACIAL RECOGNITION Automated bank tellers- user verification purposes
HAND GEOMETRY Time and attendance systems, physical access
IRIS SCAN Law Enforcement, Employee Security Check, banking
RETINA SCAN High-end security, military, power plans
DNA Medical applications, Paternity Tests, Criminal identification and forensics
VOICE RECOGNITION Call Centers, Law enforcement – house arrest authentication
SIGNATURE Access to documents, Banking services
What Biometrics are Replacing
Passwords PIN numbers
Tokens Photo ID cards Smart cards Magnetic strip cards Physical keys
Traditional verification methods:
Current Biometric Applications
Computer loginsATMsGrocery storesAirport kiosksDriver’s licensesInternet bankingNational ID cardsWelfare disbursementInternational border crossingForensics – criminal identificationAnnual amusement park pass holdersSpeaker verification for television home shopping
BENEFITS
Increased security measuresReduce costs of password and ID card
maintenanceAbility to track employees and link activities No passwords to forgetElimination of problems such as lost/stolen
identification cards and PIN numbersFaster login timeImproved security of sensitive information
CONCERNS
Sensitive biometric information susceptible to hackers.
Lack of privacy for employees.Costly and time consuming to implement .
CONCLUSION
Multi biometric systems have a huge potential of growth.
Access procedures are made simpler, faster and more secure.
Especially governments, law enforcement agencies, military and industrial companies, already make partial use of this technology.
In the future biometric devices will surely become more involved in many civil areas.
THANK YOU!THANK YOU!