BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Allison McArton, Grant Smith,
Padraic Casserly, Angwei Law
TYPES OF ENGINEERING AT UW- MADISON Biomedical Engineering: BME
Chemical Engineering: CBE
Civil Engineering: CEE
Computer Engineering: CompE
Electrical Engineering: ECE
Engineering Mechanics: EM
Engineering Physics: EP
Geological Engineering: GLE
Industrial and Systems Engineering: ISyE
Materials Science and Engineering: MS&E
Mechanical Engineering: ME
Nuclear Engineering: NE
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Most Common Improve efficiency Some divisions include: Automotive Robotics Machine design Manufacturing industries
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Chemistry focus Converting raw materials to usable forms
Oil Hydrogen Power
COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Combines electrical engineering and computer science
Both software and hardware design
Examples Microprocessors PCs Circuit design
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Another major type of engineering
Electronics Power Control systems Signaling Processing
OTHER TYPES
Civil Engineering Geological Engineering Engineering Mechanics/Physics Industrial Materials Science
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING FOCUSES
Biomechanics Mechanics of the human body Joints, flows (blood, lymphatic, etc.), impacts
Bioinstrumentation Electronics and circuitry to monitor biology
Neuroengineering Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Biological aspects of engineering
Stem cells, biological interactions with materials
Stented Porcine
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING FOCUSES
Medical Imaging MRI, PET, CAT, X-ray, ultrasound, etc.
Useful for diagnosis and functional understanding
Healthcare systems and Medical Informatics The union of medicine and lots of data
Improves security, efficiency, safety, response time
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING CAREERS
Pharmaceuticals Tylenol, Prozac, etc. Laboratory testing, FDA standards
Biomedical Devices Pacemakers, imaging devices, dialysis machines
Medtronic, GE Healthcare Biologics (Vaccines, Cell Therapies, Tissue Replacements, etc.) Implants, prosthetics Usually smaller companies (ex. Norman Noble, Inc.)
WHAT CAN I DO WITH A BME DEGREE?
Expect to look for a job BS Degree
General engineering jobs from large companies
Graduate school Other experiences (some small co.’s, going abroad)
Masters Complements other undergraduate degrees well Entry level jobs relate to undergrad degree
PhD/ Post Doc. Academia Specialized industry positions
CURRENT EVENTS IN BME
Dutch scientists have grown pork meat in laboratory
Used stem cells from pig which replicate to form muscle cells, myoblasts
Muscle cells incubated in a nutrient-filled solution, which encouraged them to replicate
Resulting muscle is 80% similar to pork muscle
Advocates say that in-vitro meat is better for humans, animals, and the environment
Tissue Engineering
Source: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article6936352.ece
CURRENT EVENTS IN BME
Researchers have grown a beating heart in a jar
Used detergents to remove cardiac cells from a rat heart, leaving only the connective tissue
Then implanted the stripped heart with cardiac cells from a different rat and allowed them to repopulate into a fully functional heart
Tissue Engineering
• Could be used for humans without risk of immune response
Source: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v14/n2/abs/nm1684.html
CURRENT EVENTS IN BME
Retinal prosthesis to provide sight for patients blinded from outer retinal degeneration
Device comprised of: Tiny, glasses-mounted video camera
Radio transmitter/receiver
Electrode-studded array
Battery pack on belt
Bioinstrumentation
Source: http://www.upgradeyourbody.com/images/stories/senses/artificial%20retina%20project.jpg
OUR DESIGN PROJECT
Liquid medication delivery system Engineering World Health (EWH) National Design Competition
Cost effective bottle-top dispenser Sterilely deliver fixed doses of nevirapine
Nevirapine reduces mother-to-child transmission of HIV
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS Dispense 0.6 mL (± 0.05 mL) of medicine
Accurately deliver 400 doses; operable for 6 months
Seal medicine bottle and prevent contamination
Cost less than $2.00
DESIGN PROCESS
Contact client; determine design specifications
Do literature research Brainstorm ideas Evaluate design alternatives; select the best one
Obtain materials Construct prototype Test the prototype Make necessary modifications; test again
PREVIOUS PROTOTYPE
Simple to use, but too expensive
syringe
clamp 1
clamp 2
Bottle cap with hole drilled into it to pass tubing through
Two clamps to control liquid flow
Syringe to draw up and dispense medicine
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volkswagen_W16.jpg
http://www.mytonygreen.com/images/j0400425.jpg
http://fc05.deviantart.com/fs42/f/2009/135/b/1/Computer_Inside_by_Dragonfanatic.jpg
http://www2.synapse.ne.jp/haya/ghstivi/ghs15circuit.gif