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ANNA UNIVERSITY COIMBATORE
AFFILIATED INSTITUTIONS
CURRICULUM 2008
B.E., BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
V TO VIII SEMESTERS CURRICULUM AND SYLLABI
SEMESTER V
(Applicable to the students admitted from the Academic Year 2008-2009 onwards)
Code No. Course Title L T P C
THEORY
Digital Signal Processing 3 1 0 4
Bio control Systems 3 1 0 4
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Equipments I 3 0 0 3
Biomaterials and Artificial Organs 3 0 0 3
Microprocessor, Microcontroller and System Design 3 0 0 3Professional Ethics and Human Values 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
Microprocessor and Microcontroller Lab 0 0 3 2
Biomedical Instrumentation Lab 0 0 3 2
Communications Skills Laboratory 0 0 4 2
TOTAL 18 2 10 26
SEMESTER VI
(Applicable to the students admitted from the Academic Year 2008-2009 onwards)
Code No. Course Title L T P C
THEORY
Radiological Equipments 3 0 0 3
Biomechanics 3 0 0 3
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Equipments II 3 0 0 3
Object Oriented Programming and Java 3 0 0 3
Elective I 3 0 0 3
Elective II 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
Digital Signal Processing Lab 0 0 3 2
Object Oriented Programming Lab 0 0 3 2
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Lab 0 0 3 2
TOTAL 18 0 9 24
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SEMESTER VII
(Applicable to the students admitted from the Academic Year 2008-2009 onwards)
Code No. Course Title L T P C
THEORY
Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks 3 0 0 3Medical Informatics 3 0 0 3
Medical Optics 3 0 0 3
Digital Image Processing 3 0 0 3
Elective III 3 0 0 3
Elective IV 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
Hospital Training 0 0 4 2
Digital Image Processing Lab 0 0 3 2
TOTAL 18 0 7 22
SEMESTER VIII
(Applicable to the students admitted from the Academic Year 2008-2009 onwards)
Code No. Course Title L T P C
THEORY
Hospital Engineering and Management 3 0 0 3
Elective V 3 0 0 3
Elective VI 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
Project Work 0 0 12 6
TOTAL 9 0 12 15
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LIST OF ELECTIVES
SEMESTER VI Elective I & II
Code No. Course Title L T P C
Physiological Modelling 3 0 0 3
Intellectual Property Rights 3 0 0 3
Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering 3 0 0 3
ICU & Operation theatre Equipments 3 0 0 3
Bio signal Processing 3 0 0 3
Biosensors and Transducers 3 0 0 3
SEMESTER VII Elective III & IV
Code No. Course Title L T P C
Rehabilitation Engineering 3 0 0 3
Molecular Spectroscopy 3 0 0 3
Clinical Engineering 3 0 0 3
Assist Devices 3 0 0 3
Computer Networks 3 0 0 3
SEMESTER VIII Elective V & VI
Code No. Course Title L T P C
Bio Nanotechnology 3 0 0 3
Medical Imaging Techniques 3 0 0 3
Advanced Medical Instruments 3 0 0 3
Genetic Engineering 3 0 0 3
BioMEMS 3 0 0 3
Biotelemetry 3 0 0 3
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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSINGUNIT I
Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter 9Introduction to FIR filter - phase delay and group delay linear phase transfer function.
Design of FIR filter using Fourier method, Rectangular window, Hanning window,Hamming window, Kaiser window. Design using frequency sampling technique.
Structure realization of FIR system direct form, cascade form, linear phase FIR system.
UNIT II
Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filter 9
Introduction to IIR filter - Impulse-invariant transformation technique Bilineartransformation technique frequency transformation in digital domain - design of
Butterworth filter and Chebyshev filter (type-1) (restricted to 3rd
order). Structurerealization of IIR system lattice structure and lattice-ladder structure.
UNIT III
Finite word length effect in FIR and IIR filter 8
Quantization of fixed-point and floating-point numbers product quantization varianceestimation of quantization error finite word length effect on IIR filter Productquantization error in IIR filter mathematical analysis of steady state output noise
dynamic scaling to prevent overflow limit-cycle oscillation in recursive system rounding-off error in DFT and FFT computation.
UNIT IV
Basics of random signal processing (only qualitative analysis) 10Introduction to probability function, joint probability, conditional probability estimation
parameters joint distribution function, probability density function, ensemble average mean squared value, variance, standard deviation, moments, correlation, covariance,
orthogonality, auto-covariance, auto-correlation, cross-covariance and cross-correlation stationarity ergodic white noise energy density spectrum power density spectrum
estimation periodogram direct method, indirect method, Barlett method Welchmethod. Decimator (down sampling) frequency-domain analysis of decimator
interpolation (up sampling) frequency-domain analysis of interpolator
UNIT V
Introduction to Digital Signal Processors 9
Programmable DSP multiplier accumulator over-flow and under-flow in MAC unit Van-Neumann architecture Harvard architecture cache memory pipelining
computer configuration RISC CISC addressing modes replication TMS320processor first to fifth generation (only block diagram approach) architecture and
features.
Tutorial 15
Total :60
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Text Book:1. E. C. Ifeachor and B.W. Jervis, Digital Signal processing A Practical
Approach, Pearson education, New Delhi, 4th
Edition, 2004.2. John G. Proakis and Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing,
Algorithms and Applications, Pearson education, New Delhi, 4th
Edition, 2007.
Reference:1) Sanjit K. Mitra, Digital Signal Processing A computer Based Approach,TMH,New Delhi, 1998
2) Andreas Antoniou, Digital filter Analysis and Design, Prentice Hall India3) R. Rabiner and B. Gold, Theory and Application of Digital Signal processing,
PHI
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BIOCONTROL SYSTEMS
UNIT I
CONTROL SYSTEM MODELLING 9
Terminology and basic structure of control system, example of a closed loop system,transfer functions, modeling of electrical systems, translational and rotational mechanical
systems, electromechanical systems, block diagram and signal flow graph representationof systems, conversion of block diagram to signal flow graph, reduction of block diagram
and signal flow graph.
UNIT II
TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS 9Step and Impulse responses of first order and second order systems, determination of
time domain specifications of first and second order systems from its output responses.definition of steady state error constants and its computation, definition of stability,
Routh-Hurwitz criteria of stability, root locus technique, construction of root locus andstudy of stability, definition of dominant poles and relative stability .
UNIT III
FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS 9Frequency response, Nyquist stability criterion, Nyquist plot and determination of closedloop stability, definition of gain margin and phase margin, Bode plot, determination of
gain margin and phase margin using Bode plot, use of Nichols chart to computeresonance frequency and band width.
UNIT IV
PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS 9
Block diagram representation of the muscle stretch reflex, difference betweenengineering and physiological control systems, generalized system properties , models
with combination of system elements, introduction to simulation.
UNIT V
PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEM MODELING 9Linear model of respiratory mechanics, model of chemical regulation of ventilation,
linear model of muscle mechanics, model of regulation of cardiac output, model ofNeuromuscular reflex motion.
TUTORIAL = 15
TOTAL: 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. M. Gopal Control Systems Principles and design, Tata McGraw Hill ,20022. Benjamin C. Kuo, Automatic control systems, Prentice Hall of India, 1995
3. Michael C K Khoo, Physiological control systems, IEEE press, Prentice Hall ofIndia, 2001.
REFERENCE
1. John Enderle, Susan Blanchard, Joseph Bronzino Introduction to BiomedicalEngineering second edition, Academic Press, 2005.
2. Richard C. Dorf, Robert H. Bishop, Modern control systems,Pearson, 2004
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DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENTS-I
UNIT I
CARDIAC EQUIPMENTS 9
Electrocardiograph, Normal and Abnormal Waves, Heart rate monitor, ArrhythmiaSimulator, Holter Monitor, Phonocardiography, Plethysmography. Cardiac Pacemaker-
Internal and External PacemakerBatteries, AC and DC Defibrillator- Internal andExternal.
UNIT II
NEUROLOGICAL EQUIPMENTS 9
Clinical significance of EEG, Multi channel EEG recording system, Epillepsy, EvokedPotential Visual, Auditory and Somatosensory, MEG (Magneto Encephalon Graph).
EEG Bio Feedback Instrumentation.
UNIT III
SKELETAL MUSCULAR SYSTEM 9
Sliding theory of contraction, recording and analysis of EMG waveforms, fatiguecharacteristics , Muscle stimulators, nerve stimulators, Nerve conduction velocity
measurement, EMG Bio Feedback Instrumentation.UNIT IV
RESPIRATORY MEASUREMENT STSTEM 9Instrumentation for measuring the mechanics of breathing Spirometer-Lung Volume
and vital capacity, measurements of residual volume, pneumotachometer - Airwayresistance measurement, Whole body plethysmography, Intra-Alveolar and Thoracic
pressure measurements, Apnea Monitor. Types of Ventilators Pressure, Volume, Timecontrolled. Flow, Patient Cycle Ventilators, Humidifiers, Nebulizers, Inhalators.
UNIT V
SENSORY MEASUREMENT 9
Psycho Physiological Measurements-for testing and sensory Responses, Electro
occulograph, Electro retinograph, Audiometer-Pure tone, Speech. EGG(Electrogastrograph), galvanic skin resistance(GSR).
TOTAL : 45
Text Books:
1. Joseph J. Carr and John M. Brown, Introduction to Biomedical equipmenttechnology, Pearson education, 2003.
2. John G.Webster, Medical Instrumentation Application and Design, third edition,Wiley India Edition, 2007.
Reference books:
1. Myer Kutz, Standard Handbook of Biomedical Engineering & Design,McGraw Hill, 2003.
2. Khandpur R.S, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, Tata McGraw Hill,New Delhi, 2003.
3 L.A Geddes and L.E.Baker, Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation,4 Leslie Cromwell, Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement, Pearson
Education, New Delhi, 2007.
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BIOMATERIALS AND ARTIFICIAL ORGANS
UNIT I
STRUCTURE OF BIO-MATERIALS AND BIO-COMPATIBILITY 9
Definition and classification of bio-materials, mechanical properties, visco elasticity,
wound-healing process, body response to implants, blood compatibility.
UNIT IIIMPLANT MATERIALS 9
Metallic implant materials, stainless steels, co-based alloys, Ti-based alloys, ceramic
implant materials, aluminum oxides, hydroxyapatite glass ceramics carbons, medicalapplications.
UNIT III
POLYMERIC IMPLANT MATERIALS 9
Polymerization, polyamides, Acryrilic polymers, rubbers, high strength thermoplastics,
medical applications. Bio polymers: Collagen and Elastin.
UNIT IV
TISSUE REPLACEMENT IMPLANTS 9
Soft-tissue replacements, sutures, surgical tapes, adhesive, Percutaneous and skin
implants, maxillofacial augmentation, blood interfacing implants, hard tissue replacementimplants, internal fracture fixation devices, joint replacements.
UNIT V
ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 9
Artificial Heart, Prosthetic Cardiac Valves, Artificial lung (oxygenateor), ArtificialKidney ( Dialyser membrane) , Dental Implants.
TOTAL : 45TEXT BOOKS:
1. SUJATA V. BHATT, Biomaterials Second Edition ,Narosa PublishingHouse,2005.
2. BIOMATERIALS - Principles and Applications Joon B.Park Joseph D.Bronzino, CRC Press, 2003
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. PARK J.B., Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Plenum Press, 1984.2. Standard Handbook of Biomedical Engineering & Design Myer Kutz, McGraw-
Hill, 2003
3. Introduction to Biomedical Engineering John Enderle, Joseph D. Bronzino,Susan M. Blanchard, Elsevier, 2005.
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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER AND SYSTEM
DESIGN
UNIT I
ARCHITECTURE OF 8085 /8086: 98085- Functional Block Diagram- Description - Addressing Modes, Timing diagrams.
8086- Architecture, Instruction set, Addressing Modes. Introduction to 8087 -Architecture.
UNIT II
8086 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING: 9Simple Assembly Language Programming, Strings, Procedures, Macros, Assembler
Directives- Interrupts and Interrupt Applications.
UNIT III
PERIPHERAL INTERFACING & APPLICATION: 9Programmable Peripheral Interface (8255), keyboard display controller (8279), ADC,
DAC Interface, Programmable Timer Controller (8254), Programmable interruptcontroller (8259), Serial Communication Interface (8251).
UNIT IV
MICROCONTROLLER: 9Architecture of 8051 Microcontroller- Instruction Set Assembly LanguageProgramming Branching, I/O and ALU Instructions. Programming 8051 - Timers,
Serial Port, Interrupts. C programming for 8051.
UNIT V
8086 AND 8051 BASED SYSTEM DESIGN 9
Design and interfacing - LED, LCD & Keyboard Interfacing, ADC, DAC, SensorInterfacing, External Memory Interfac,e Traffic light controller, Washing machine, RTC
Interfacing using I2C Standard, Motor Control, Relay, PWM, DC, Stepper MotorMultichannel biomedical data acquisition system.
TOTAL: 45
TEXTBOOK:
1. Ramesh S. Gaonkar, Microprocessor Architecture Programming and Applicationswith 8085. Fourth edition, Penram International Publishing 2006.
2. Douglas V.Hall, Microprocessor and Interfacing, Programming and Hardware.Revised second Edition, Indian edition,Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.
3. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D.MCKinlay The 8051Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Second Edition, Pearson Education
2008.
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REFERENCE:
1. Kenneth J.Ayala., The 8051 Microcontroller, 3rd
Edition, Thompson DelmarLearning, New Delhi, 2007.
2. A.K. Ray , K.M .Bhurchandi Advanced Microprocessor and Peripherals ,Secondedition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007.
3. . Barry B.Brey, The Intel Microprocessors Architecture, Programming andInterfacing Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2007,
4. Zdravko Karakehayov, Embedded System Design with 8051 Microcontrollerhardware and software, Mercel Dekkar, 1999.
5. Krishna Kant, Microprocessor and Microcontroller Architecture, programmingand system design using 8085, 8086, 8051 and 8096, PHI, 2007
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PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUES
1. HUMAN VALUES 10Morals, Values and Ethics Integrity Work Ethic Service Learning Civic Virtue Respect for Others Living Peacefully caring Sharing Honesty Courage
Valuing Time Co-operation Commitment Empathy Self-Confidence Character Spirituality
2. ENGINEERING ETHICS 9
Senses of 'Engineering Ethics' - variety of moral issued - types of inquiry - moral
dilemmas - moral autonomy - Kohlberg's theory - Gilligan's theory - consensus andcontroversy Models of Professional Roles - theories about right action - Self-interest -
customs and religion - uses of ethical theories.
3. ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION 9
Engineering as experimentation - engineers as responsible experimenters - codes of ethics- a balanced outlook on law - the challenger case study
4. SAFETY, RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS 9
Safety and risk - assessment of safety and risk - risk benefit analysis and reducing risk -the three mile island and chernobyl case studies.
Collegiality and loyalty - respect for authority - collective bargaining - confidentiality -conflicts of interest - occupational crime - professional rights - employee rights -
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) - discrimination.
5.GLOBAL ISSUES 8Multinational corporations - Environmental ethics - computer ethics - weapons
development - engineers as managers-consulting engineers-engineers as expert witnessesand advisors -moral leadership-sample code of Ethics like ASME, ASCE, IEEE,
Institution of Engineers(India), Indian Institute of Materials Management, Institution ofelectronics and telecommunication engineers(IETE),India, etc.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, Ethics in Engineering, McGraw-Hill,
New York, 1996.2. Govindarajan M, Natarajan S, Senthil Kumar V. S, Engineering Ethics, Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi, 2004.
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REFERENCES
1. Charles D. Fleddermann, Engineering Ethics, Pearson Education/ Prentice Hall,New Jersey, 2004 (Indian Reprint)
2. Charles E Harris, Michael S. Protchard and Michael J Rabins, EngineeringEthics Concepts and Cases, Wadsworth Thompson Learning, United States,
2000 (Indian Reprint now available)
3. John R Boatright, Ethics and the Conduct of Business, Pearson Education,New Delhi, 2003.
4. Edmund G Seebauer and Robert L Barry, Fundamentals of Ethics for Scientists
and Engineers, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001 .
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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB
8085 based experiments
1. Assembly Language Programming of 8085
8086 based experiments
1. Programs for 16 bit Arithmetic, Sorting, Searching and String operations,2. Programs for Digital clock, Interfacing ADC and DAC3. Interfacing and Programming 8279, 8259, and 8253.4. Serial Communication between two Microprocessor Kits using 8251.5. Interfacing and Programming of Stepper Motor and DC Motor Speed control and
Parallel Communication between two Microprocessor Kits using Mode 1 and
Mode 2 of 8255.6. Macroassembler Programming for 8086
8051 based experiments1. Programming using Arithmetic, Logical and Bit Manipulation instructions of
8051 microcontroller.
2. Programming and verifying Timer, Interrupts and UART operations in 8051microcontroller.
3. Interfacing DAC and ADC and 8051 based temperature measurement
4. Interfacing LED and LCD
5. Interfacing stepper motor traffic light control
6. Communication between 8051 Microcontroller kit and PC.
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BIO MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION LAB
1. Study of Biological Preamplifiers.2. Recording of ECG signal and Analysis.3. Recording of Audiogram.4. Recording of EMG.
5. Recording of EEG.6. Measurement of Pulse rate using Photo Electric Tansducer7. Recording of various physiological parameters using patient monitoring system
and telemetry units.
8. Measurement of pH, pO2 and conductivity.9. Study and analysis of functioning and safety aspects of surgical diathermy.10. Design of Digital Blood Pressure Monitor11. Mini project.
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COMMUNICATION SKILLS LABORATORY
(Fifth / Sixth Semester)
Globalisation has brought in numerous opportunities for the teeming millions,
with more focus on the students overall capability apart from academic competence.Many students, particularly those from non-English medium schools, find that they are
not preferred due to their inadequacy of communication skills and soft skills, despitepossessing sound knowledge in their subject area along with technical capability.
Keeping in view their pre-employment needs and career requirements, this course onCommunication Skills Laboratory will prepare students to adapt themselves with ease to
the industry environment, thus rendering them as prospective assets to industries. Thecourse will equip the students with the necessary communication skills that would go a
long way in helping them in their profession.
Objectives:
To equip students of engineering and technology with effective speaking and
listening skills in English. To help them develop their soft skills and interpersonal skills, which will make
the transition from college to workplace smoother and help them excel in their
job. To enhance the performance of students at Placement Interviews, Group
Discussions and other recruitment exercises.
A. English Language Lab (18 Periods)
1. Listening Comprehension: (6)
Listening and typing Listening and sequencing of sentences Filling in the blanks -
Listening and answering questions.
2. Reading Comprehension: (6)
Filling in the blanks - Close exercises Vocabulary building - Reading and answering
questions.
3. Speaking: (6)
Phonetics: Intonation Ear training - Correct Pronunciation Sound recognitionexercises Common Errors in English.
Conversations: Face to Face Conversation Telephone conversation Role play
activities (Students take on roles and engage in conversation)
I. PC based session (Weightage 40%) 24 periods
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B. Discussion of audio-visual materials (6 periods)
(Samples are available to learn and practice)
1. Resume / Report Preparation / Letter Writing (1)
Structuring the resume / report - Letter writing / Email Communication - Samples.
2. Presentation skills: (1)
Elements of effective presentation Structure of presentation - Presentation tools Voice Modulation Audience analysis - Body language Video samples
3. Soft Skills: (2)
Time management Articulateness Assertiveness Psychometrics Innovation and Creativity - Stress Management & Poise - Video Samples
4. Group Discussion: (1)
Why is GD part of selection process ? - Structure of GD Moderator led and other
GDs - Strategies in GD Team work - Body Language - Mock GD -Video samples
5. Interview Skills: (1)
Kinds of interviews Required Key Skills Corporate culture Mock interviews-Video samples.
1. Resume / Report Preparation / Letter writing: Students prepare their (2)
own resume and report.
2. Presentation Skills: Students make presentations on given topics. (8)
3. Group Discussion: Students participate in group discussions. (6)
4. Interview Skills: Students participate in Mock Interviews (8)
II. Practice Session (Weightage 60%) 24 periods
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References:
1. Anderson, P.V, Technical Communication, Thomson Wadsworth , SixthEdition, New Delhi, 2007.
2. Prakash, P, Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning, Macmillan India Ltd., Second
Edition, New Delhi, 2004.
3. John Seely, The Oxford Guide to Writing and Speaking, Oxford UniversityPress, New Delhi, 2004.
4. Evans, D, Decisionmaker, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
5. Thorpe, E, and Thorpe, S, Objective English, Pearson Education,Second Edition, New Delhi, 2007.
6. Turton, N.D and Heaton, J.B, Dictionary of Common Errors, Addision Wesley
Longman Ltd., Indian reprint 1998.
Lab Requirements:
1. Teacher console and systems for students.2. English Language Lab Software3. Career Lab Software
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Guidelines for the course
GE2321 COMMUNICATION SKILLS LABORATORY
1. A batch of 60 / 120 students is divided into two groups one group for the
PC- based session and the other group for the Class room session.
2. The English Lab (2 Periods) will be handled by a faculty member of theEnglish Department. The Career Lab (2 Periods) may be handled by any
competent teacher, not necessarily from English Department
3. Record Notebook: At the end of each session of English Lab, reviewexercises are given for the students to answer and the computer evaluated
sheets are to be compiled as record notebook. Similar exercises for the careerlab are to be compiled in the record notebook.
4. Internal Assessment: The 15 marks (the other 5 marks for attendance)allotted for the internal assessment will be based on the record notebookcompiled by the candidate. 10 marks may be allotted for English Lab
component and 5 marks for the Career Lab component.
5. End semester Examination: The end-semester examination carries 40%weightage for English Lab and 60% weightage for Career Lab.
Each candidate will have separate sets of questions assigned by the teacherusing the teacher-console enabling PCbased evaluation for the 40% of marks
allotted.
The Career Lab component will be evaluated for a maximum of 60% by a local examiner& an external examiner drafted from other Institutions, similar to any other lab
examination conducted by Anna University.
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RADIOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT
UNIT I MEDICAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT 9
Nature of X-Rays - X-ray Absorption - Tissue Contrast. X-Ray Equipment (BlockDiagram) X-ray Tube, the collimator, Bucky Grid, power supply. Digital Radiography -
discrete digital detectors, storage phosphor and film Scanning. X-Ray Image intensifiertubes - Fluoroscopy Digital Fluoroscopy. Angiography, Cine angiography. Digital
Subtraction Angiography. Mammography.
UNIT II COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY 9Principles of Tomography - First to Fourth generation scanners Image reconstruction
technique- Back projection and Iterative method. Spiral CT Scanning - Ultra fast CTScanners- X-Ray Sources Collimation X-Ray Detectors Viewing System.
UNIT III MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 9
Fundamentals of Magnetic Resonance- Interaction of nuclei with static Magnetic Fieldand Radio frequency wave Rotation and Precession induction of a magnetic resonance
signal bulk Magnetization Relaxation Processes T1 and T2. Block diagram approach
of MRI system- System Magnet (Permanent, Electromagnet and super conductors) ,generation of Gradient magnetic Fields , Radio Frequency coils (sending and receiving)Shim coils, Electronic components.
UNIT IV NUCLEAR MEDICINE SYSTEMS 9
Radio isotopes- alpha, beta and gamma radiations. Radio pharmaceuticals. Radiationdetectors - Gas Filled, ionization Chambers, proportional counter, GM counter and
Scintillation Detectors. Gamma Camera- Principle of operation, Collimator, Photomultiplier tube, X-Y Positioning Circuit, Pulse height Analyzer. Principles of SPECT and
PET.
UNIT V RADIATION THERAPY AND RADIATION SAFETY 9Radiation therapy-Linear accelerator, betatron, cesium and cobalt .Radiation Protection in
Medicine Radiation Protection principles, Radiation measuring instruments- Dosimeter,film Badges, Thermo luminescent dosimeters Electronic dosimeter- ICRP regulation
Practical reduction of dose to staff and visitors.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Steve webb, Physics of Medical Imaging, , Taylor and Francis, 1988.2. R. Hendee and Russell Ritenour Medical Imaging PhysicsWilliam,Wiley, Fourth
Edition 2002.
TOTAL : 45
REFERENCE BOOKS1. Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear Medicine Third edition Gopal B.Saha
Publisher Springer, 2006.2. Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering B.H Brown , PV Lawford, R H Small
wood , D R Hose , D C Barber , CRC Press, 1999.3. Standard handbook of Biomedical Engineering and Design Myer Kutz Publisher
McGraw Hill, 2003.4. P.Raghunathan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy in Medicine
Concepts and Techniques, Orient Longman, 2007.
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BIOMECHANICS
UNIT I BIOFLUID MECHANICS 9
Newtons laws Stress Strain elasticity Hookes-law Viscosity Newtonian fluid Non-Newtonian fluid Viscoelastic fluids Vascular tree Relationship between
diameter Velocity and pressure of blood flow Resistance against flow.
UNIT II CARDIAC MECHANICS 9Cardio vascular system Mechanical properties of blood vessels Arteries Arterioles
Capillaries Veins Blood flow Laminar and turbulent Physics of cardio vasculardiseases Prosthetic heart valves and replacement.
UNIT III RESPIRATORY MECHANICS 9
Alveoli mechanics Interaction of blood and lung P-V curve of lung Breathingmechanism Airway resistance Physics of lung diseases.
UNIT IV SOFT TISSUE MECHANICS 9
Pseudo elasticity Nonlinear stress Strain relationship Viscoelasticity Structure
Function and mechanical properties of skin Ligaments and tendons.
UNIT V ORTHOPAEDIC MECHANICS 9
Mechanical properties of cartilage Diffusion properties of articular cartilage Mechanical properties of bone Kinetics and kinematics of joints Lubrication of joints
analysis of force in orthopaedic implants.
TOTAL : 45
REFERENCES1. Fung, Y.C., Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, Springer,
Verlag , 1981.2. Dawson, D. and Right, Introduction to Biomechanics of Joints and Joint
Replacement, Mechanical Engineering Publication Ltd, 1989.3. Jacob Cline, Handbook of Biomedical Engineering, Academic Press Inc., 1988.
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DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENTS-II
UNIT I ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE 9
Diagnosis: Basic principles of Echo technique, display techniques A, B and M mode,Application of ultrasound as diagnostic tool Echocardiogram, abdomen, obstetrics and
gynaecology, ophthalmology.
UNIT II PATIENT MONITORING AND BIOTELEMETRY 9ICU/CCU Equipments, Infusion pumps, bed side monitors, Central consoling controls.
Radio Telemetry (single, multi), Portable and Landline Telemetry unit, Applications inECG and EEG Transmission.
UNIT III DIATHERMY 9
IR and UV lamp and its application. Short wave diathermy, ultrasonic diathermy,Microwave diathermy, Electro surgery machine - Current waveforms, Tissue Responses,
Electro surgical current level.
UNIT IV EXTRA CORPOREAL DEVICES AND SPECIAL DIAGNOSTIC
TECHNIQUES 9Need for heart lung machine, functioning of bubble, disc type and membrane typeoxygenerators, finger pump, roller pump, electronic monitoring of functional parameter.
Haemo Dialyser unit , Lithotripsy, Principles of Cryogenic technique and application,Endoscopy, Laproscopy.
UNIT V PATIENT SAFETY 9
Physiological effects of electricity important susceptibility parameters Macro shock Micro shock hazards Patients electrical environment Isolated Power system
Conductive surfaces Electrical safety codes and standards Basic Approaches toprotection against shock, Protection equipment design, Electrical safety analyzer
Testing the Electric system
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOK1. Leslie Cromwell, Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement, Prentice Hall of
India, New Delhi, 20072. John G. Webster, Medical Instrumentation Application and Design, John Willey and
sons, 20023. Joseph J. Carr and John M. Brown, Introduction to Biomedical equipment
technology, John Willey and sons, New York, 1997
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Principles of Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement Richard Aston, MerrilPublishing Company, 1990.
2. Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation L.A Geddas and L.E.Baker 2004.3. John G. Webster, Bioinstrumentation, John Willey and sons, New York, 2004.
4. Khandpur R.S, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, Tata McGraw- Hill, NewDelhi, 2003.
5. Standard Handbook of Biomedical Engineering & Design Myer Kutz6. McGraw-Hill Publisher, 2003.
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OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING AND JAVA
UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS 8
Object Oriented paradigm Elements of object oriented programming Merits anddemerits of OO methodology C++ fundamentals Data types Operators and
expressions Control flow Arrays Strings Pointers and functions.
UNIT II PROGRAMMING IN C++ 10Classes and objects Constructors and destructors Operator overloading Inheritance
Virtual functions and polymorphism.
UNIT III FILE HANDLING 9C++ streams Console streams Console stream classes Formatted and unformatted
console I/O operations Manipulators File streams Classes file modes file pointersand manipulations file I/O Exception handling.
UNIT IV JAVA FUNDAMENTAL 9
Basics of java Data types Variables and arrays Operators Control statements
Classes Objects Methods Inheritance.
UNIT V JAVA PROGRAMMING 9
Packages and interfaces Exception handling Multithreaded programming Strings Input / Output.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Venugopal, K.R., Rajkumar Buyya and Ravishankar, T., Mastering C++, TMH,2003.
2. Herbert Schildt, The Java 2 Complete Reference, 4th Edition, TMH, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. Ira Pohl, Object Oriented Programming Using C++, Pearson Education, 2003.2. Bjarne Stroustrup, The C++ Programming Language, Addison Wesley, 2000.
3. John R. Hubbard, Progranning with C++, Schaums Outline Series, TMH, 2003.
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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB
MATLAB / Equivalent Software Package(30% of the course)1. Generation of sequences (functional & random), correlation and convolution
2. Spectrum Analysis using FFT3. Filter Design & Analysis
4. Filter Implementation in time-domain & frequency domain5. Study of Quantization errors in DSP algorithms
6. Multirate Filters7. Adaptive filter
8. Equalization9. Echo Cancellation
DSP Processor Implementation (70% of the course)
1. Waveform Generation2. FIR Implementation
3. IIR Implementation
4. FFT5. Finite word Length effect6. Multirate filters
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OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LABORATORY
C++
1. Programs Using Functions
Functions with default arguments Implementation of call by value , call by address and call by reference
2. Simple Classes for understanding objects member functions and Constructors Classes with primitive data members
Classes with arrays as data members Classes with pointers as data members String class
Classes with Constant Data Members Classes with static member functions
3. Compile time Polymorphism Operator overloading including unary and binary operators.
Function overloading
4. Runtime Polymorphism
Inheritance
Virtual functions Virtual Base Classes Templates
5. File Handling Sequential access
Random access
JAVA
6. Simple Java applications for understanding reference to an instance of a class (object) methods
Handling strings in Java
7. Simple Package creation
Developing user defined packages in Java
8. Interfaces
Developing user - defined interfaces and implementation Use of predefined interfaces
9. Threading Creation of thread in Java applications
Multithreading
10. Exception Handling Mechanism in Java
Handling pre-defined exceptions Handling user-defined exceptions
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DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENT LAB
1) Study of ultrasonic transducers and displays.2) Study of pacemaker.3) Biotelemetry.
4) Shortwave and ultrasonic diathermy.5) Multichannel data acquisition system.6) Simulation of biosignals.7) Analysis of ECG signals.8) Analysis of EEG signals.9) Leakage current and electrical safety measurements.10) Mini Project.
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PATTERN RECOGNITION AND NEURAL NETWORKS
UNIT I INTRODUCTION AND SIMPLE NEURAL NET 9Elementary neurophysiology and biological neural network-Artificial neural network
Architecture, biases and thresholds, Hebb net, Perceptron, Adaline and Madaline.
UNIT II BACK PROPOGATION AND ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY 9Back propogation network, generalized delta rule, Bidirectional Associative memory,
Hopefield network
UNIT III NEURAL NETWORKS BASED ON COMPETITION 9Kohonen Self organising map, Learning Vector Quantisation, counter propogation
network.
UNIT IV UNSUPERVISED LEARNING AND CLUSTERING ANALYSIS 9
Patterns and features, training and learning in pattern recognition, discriminant functions,different types of pattern recognition. Unsupervised learning- hierarchical clustering,
partitional clustering. Neural pattern recognition approach perceptron model
UNIT V SUPERVISED LEARNING USING PARAMETRIC AND NON
PARAMETRIC APPROACH 9
Bayesian classifier, non parametric density estimation, histograms, kernels, windowestimators, k-nearest neighbour classifier , estimation of error rates.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Hagan, Demuth and Beale, Neural network design, Vikas Publishing2. House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi , 2002
3. Freeman J.A., and Skapura B.M, " Neural networks, algorithms, applications andprogramming techniques, Addison Wesley,2003
4. Duda R.O, Hart P.G, Pattern classification and scene analysis, Wiley Edition,20005. Earl Gose, Richard Johnsonbaugh, Steve Jost, Pattern Recognition and Image
Analysis, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.
TOTAL : 45
REFERENCES:1. Robert Schalkoff, Pattern recognition, Statistical, Structural and neural approaches
John Wiley and Sons(Asia) Pte. Ltd., Singapore, 20052. Laurene Fausett , Fundamentals of neural networks Architectures, algorithms and
applications, Prentice Hall, 1994.
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MEDICAL INFORMATICS
UNIT I MEDICAL INFORMATICS 9Introduction - Structure of Medical Informatics Internet and Medicine -Security issues,
Computer based medical information retrieval, Hospital management and informationsystem, Functional capabilities of a computerized HIS, e-health services, Health
Informatics Medical Informatics, Bioinformatics
UNIT II COMPUTERISED PATIENT RECORD 9Introduction - History taking by computer, Dialogue with the computer, Components and
functionality of CPR, Development tools, Intranet, CPR in Radiology- Application serverprovider, Clinical information system, Computerized prescriptions for patients.
UNIT III COMPUTERS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY AND MEDICAL
IMAGING 9Automated clinical laboratories-Automated methods in hematology, cytology and
histology, Intelligent Laboratory Information System - Computerized ECG, EEG and
EMG, Computer assisted medical imaging- nuclear medicine, ultrasound imagingultrasonography-computed X-ray tomography, Radiation therapy and planning, NuclearMagnetic Resonance
UNIT IV COMPUTER ASSISTED MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING 9
Neuro computers and Artificial Neural Networks application, Expert system Generalmodel of CMD, Computer assisted decision support system-production rule
systemcognitive model, semester networks , decisions analysis in clinical medicine-computers in the care of critically patients-computer assisted surgery-designing
UNIT V RECENT TRENDS IN MEDICAL INFORMATICS 9
Virtual reality applications in medicine, Computer assisted surgery , Surgical simulation,Telemedicine - Tele surgery computer aids for the handicapped, computer assisted
instrumentation in Medical Informatics - Computer assisted patient education and health -Medical education and health care information.
TOTAL : 45TEXT BOOKS:
1. 1.R.D.Lele Computers in medicine progress in medical informatics, Tata Mcgraw HillPublishing computers Ltd,2005, New Delhi.
2. Mohan Bansal, Medicl informatics Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing computers Ltd,2003 New Delhi.
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MEDICAL OPTICS
UNIT I OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE TISSUES 9
Refraction, Scattering, absorption, light transport inside the tissue, tissue properties, Lightinteraction with tissues, optothermal interaction, fluorescence, speckles.
UNIT II INSTRUMENTATION IN PHOTONICS 9
Instrumentation for absorption, scattering and emission measurements, excitation lightsources high pressure arc lamp, solid state LEDs, Lasers, optical filters, polarizer, solid
state detectors, time resolved and phase resolved detectors.
UNIT III APPLICATIONS OF LASERS 9
Laser in tissue welding, lasers in dermatology, lasers in ophthalmology, otolaryngology,urology.
UNIT IV OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY 9
Optical coherence tomography, Elastrography, Doppler optical coherence tomography,
Application towards clinical imaging.
UNIT V SPECIAL OPTICAL TECHNIQUES 9
Near field imaging of biological structures, in vitro clinical diagnostic, fluorescentspectroscopy, photodynamic therapy.
TOTAL: 45
TEXT BOOKS:1. Tuan Vo Dirh, Biomedical photonics Handbook, CRC Press, Bocaraton, 2003.
2. Mark E. Brezinski., Optical Coherence Tomography: Principles andApplications,Academic Press, 2006.
REFERENCES:
1. Leon Goldman, M.D., & R. James Rockwell, Jr., Lasers in Medicine, Gordon andBreach, Science Publishers Inc., New York, 1971.
2. R. Splinter and B.A Hooper, An Introduction to BioMedical Optics,Taylor andFrancis,2007.
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DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
UNIT I DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTAL 9Elements of digital image processing systems - Elements of visual perception image
sampling and quantization basic relationships between pixels - matrix and singularvalue representation of discrete images.
UNIT II IMAGE TRANSFORMS 9
1-D DFT - 2-D DFT DCT DST Walsh - Hadamard Haar Slant KL SVD andtheir properties.
UNIT III IMAGE ENHANCEMENT 9
Gray level transformation Histogram processing enhancement using arithmetic/logicoperation spatial filtering smoothening and sharpening spatial filter smoothening in
frequency domain filter homomorphic filtering
UNIT IV IMAGE RESTORATION AND RECOGNITION 9
Image degradation models unconstrained and constrained restoration inverse filtering LMS filter geometric mean filter geometric transformation pattern classes optimal statistical classifier neural networks and its uses in image processing.
UNIT V IMAGE COMPRESSION 9
Image compression models elements of information theory error free compression lossy compression run-length Huffman coding shift codes arithmetic coding bit
plane coding transform coding JPEG standards MPEG standards wavelettransform predictive techniques block truncation coding schemes facet modeling.
Image segmentation detection of discontinuities edge linking and boundary detection thresholding region based segmentation segmentation by morphological watersheds
use of motion in segmentation.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOK:1. Rafel C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing" Pearson
education, 2007.2. Anil K. Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, PHI, 1997
REFERENCES:
1. Willian K. Pratt, Digital Image Processing, John Wiley, NJ, 1987.2. Sid Ahmed M. A., Image Processing Theory, Algorithm and Architectures, McGraw
Hill, 19953. Scott E. C. Umbaugh, Computer Vision and Image Processing, Prentice Hall,
Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ, 1998.
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DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING LAB1. Display of Grayscale Images.
2. Histogram Equalization.3. Non-linear Filtering.
4. Edge detection using Operators.5. 2-D DFT and DCT.
6. Filtering in frequency domain.7. Display of color images.
8. Conversion between color spaces.9. DWT of images.
10. Segmentation using watershed transform.
REFERENCE:1. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Steven Eddins,' Digital Image Processing
using MATLAB', Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
LIST OF EQUIPMENTS:
Computer, Software MATLAB
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Hospital Engineering and Management
Unit I 9Hospital various departmental planning &. design. BME services in hospitals; Role &
responsibilities. Biomedical equipment procurement procedure - purchase & contractprocedures, selection testing calibration and installation, Training to medical staffs -
operating instructions.
Unit II (14 hours) 9Management of medical equipments, Planned preventive maintenance system, preventive
maintenance & repair. Requirements of inter departmental computerization. DBMS inhospital, computerized medical record evaluation, Database approach to labarotary
computerization, Case study on a hospital DBMS.
Unit III 10Hospital electrical supply & power systems-Hospital electrical systems, general power &
lighting systems, Hospital wiring systems. Electrical safety, isolated power supply, line
isolation monitor, performance testing of isolated power supply, I PS in patient careareas. Generator sets, UPS & voltage stabilizers. Causes of failure of electrical supplyways to minimize them.
Unit IV 9
Basics of Air conditioning and refrigeration. Air changes filtering & sterility. Hospitalgas supply systems-centralized supply of air, oxygen nitrous oxide & vacuum.
Unit V 8Design -Theatre and lighting, equipment placement, operating tables, wheel chairs &stretchers.
HOURS : 45Text Books
1. B.M.Sakharkar, Principles of Hospital administration & planning, Medical Publisher(?) Ltd, New Delhi, 1998.
2. J.G. Webster & Albert M.Cook, Clinical engineering principles & practices, PrenticeHall, 1979.
3. Barry. N. Feinberg, Applied clinical engineering, Prentice hall, 1986.4. J. D. Bronzinot Handbook of Biomedical Engineering Vol. l & II, C RC Press, 2000.
5. Yadin David, et a1; Clinical Engineering (Principles and Applications in Engineering),CRC Press, 2003.
Reference Books
1.Jacob Kline ed., Hand book of Biomedical Engineering, Academic press, 19882.Anantha Narayanan, Basic refrigeration & air conditioning, Tata Mc Graw Hill,
Second edition.3.Yashpal Sharma, Hospital & Medical Gases Management, Bharat Book Centre,
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Electives
PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELLING
UNIT I PROPERTIES OF SYSTEMS AND ELECTRICAL ANALOG 9System concept, system properties Resistance, storage, resistance compliance,
piece-wise linear approximation, electrical analog for compliance, thermal storage, stepresponse of first order systems resistance- compliance systems, and pulse response
of first order systems
UNIT II TRANSFER FUNCTIONS 9
Transfer functions and its use, Study of transfer function of first order and second ordersystems, engineering concept in coupled system, example of Transformed signals.
UNIT III IMPEDANCE CONCEPT 9Transfer functions with impedance concept, prediction of performance, identification of
the system from impedance function, periodic signals, relationship between transferfunction and sinusoidal response, evaluation of transfer function from frequency
response.
UNIT IV FEEDBACK SYSTEMS 9
Characteristics of physiological feedback systems, stability analysis of systems.UNIT V SIMULATION OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 9Simulation of thermal regulation, pressure and flow control in circulation, occulo motor
system, endocrinal system, functioning of receptors.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:1. William B.Blesser, System approach to Bio-medicine, McGraw-Hill book co., New
York, 1969.2. Manfred Clynes and John H.Milsum, Bio-medical engineering system, McGraw-Hill
book co., NewYork, 1970.3. Michael C.K. Khoo, Physiological Control Systems -Analysis, Simulation and
Estimation Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2001REFERENCE:
1. Douglas S. Rigg, Control theory and physiological feedback mechanism, TheWilliam & Williams co., Baltimore, 1970.
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPR)
UNIT I 9
Introduction Invention and Creativity Intellectual Property (IP) Importance Protection of IPR Basic types of property (i). Movable Property - Immovable Property
and - Intellectual Property.
UNIT II 9
IP Patents Copyrights and related rights Trade Marks and rights arising fromTrademark registration Definitions Industrial Designs and Integrated circuits
Protection of Geographical Indications at national and International levels ApplicationProcedures..
UNIT III 9International convention relating to Intellectual Property Establishment of WIPO
Mission and Activities History General Agreement on Trade and Tariff (GATT) TRIPS Agreement.
UNIT IV 9Indian Position Vs WTO and Strategies Indian IPR legislations commitments to
WTO-Patent Ordinance and the Bill Draft of a national Intellectual Property Policy
Present against unfair competition.UNIT V 9Case Studies on Patents (Basumati rice, turmeric, Neem, etc.) Copyright and related
rights Trade Marks Industrial design and Integrated circuits Geographic indications Protection against unfair competition.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:1. Subbaram N.R. Handbook of Indian Patent Law and Practice , S. Viswanathan
Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1998.
REFERENCES:
1. Eli Whitney, United States Patent Number: 72X, Cotton Gin, March 14, 1794.2. Intellectual Property Today: Volume 8, No. 5, May 2001, [www.iptoday.com].
3.Using the Internet for non-patent prior art searches, Derwent IP Matters, July 2000.www.ipmatters.net/features/000707_gibbs.html .
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CELL BIOLOGY AND TISSUE ENGINEERING
UNIT I
BASIC CELL BIOLOGY: Cells DNA/RNA and Proteins Tissue Culture Antibodies Tools for Protein Analysis Tools for DNA Analysis Recombinant DNA
and Protein Engineering Gene Theraphy DNA Antisense Technology Viruses.(9)
UNIT II
CELL ENGINEERING: Principles of Cell Adhesion Adhesion Molecules Immobilisation of Adhesion Ligands for Investigation of Cell Substrate Interactions
Mechanics of Cell Adhesion. Example: Platelet Adhesion Principles of Cell Migration Intracellular Signaling Pathways. (9)
UNIT III
CELL MECHANICS: Cells Under Stress, Strain, Pressure and Flow Fields The Role
of Mass Transfer in Tissue Function Selected Examples of Mass Transfer BetweenBlood and Tissue Cell Motility Chemotaxis Angiogenesis and Other Examples.(9)
UNIT IVBASIC TISSUE ENGINEERING TAXIS: Basic Definition Current Scope of
Development Use in Therapeutics and Invitro testing Structure and Organization ofTissues Transport Properties of Tissues Introduction to Mass Transfer Diffusion of
Simple Metabolities Diffusion and Reaction of Proteins Hormone and Growth FactorSignaling. (9)
UNIT V
ORGAN TISSUE ENGINEERING: Seaffolds and Tissue Engineering BasicProperties Tissue Engineering of Bone Marrow Liver Nervous System Engineering
of Vascular Grafts Regional Patency Thrombosis Tissue Engineering of Cartilage Kidney. (9)
TOTAL: 45
TEXT BOOK:1. Lanza R P, Langer R S and Chick W L, Principles of Tissues Engineering,
Academic Press, 1997.
REFERENCES:1. Bruce Alberts and Alexander Johnson, Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland
Publishing Inc., Newyork, Fourth Edition, 2002.2. Joseph D Bronzino, The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Volume II, CRC Press,
Boca Raton, Second Edition, 2000.
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ICU AND OPERATION THEATRE EQUIPMENTS
UNIT I
ICU EQUIPMENT: Suction apparatus Different types; Sterilizers Chemical,
Radiation, Steam for small and large units. Automated drug delivery systems Infusionpumps, closed loop control infusion system, implantable infusion system. (9)
UNIT II
CRITICAL CARE EQUIPMENT: Hemo dialysis Machine Different types of
Dialyzers. Membranes, Machine controls and measurements, Heart Lung Machine different types of oxygenators, peristaltic pumps, Incubators. (9)
UNIT III
OT EQUIPMENT: Surgical diathermy, Instruments for operation.Anesthesia
Equipment Humidification, Sterilisation aspects Boyles apparatus. (9)
UNIT IV
CENTRALIZED SYSTEMS: Centralized Oxygen, Nitrogen, Air supply & Suction.Centralised Air Conditioning, Operation theatre table & lighting. (9)
UNIT V
PATIENT SAFETY: Patient electrical safety Types of hazards Natural protective
mechanisms against electricity Leakiage current Inspection of grounding and patientisolation, Hazards in operation rooms ICCU and IMCUs Opto couplers and Pulse
Transformers. (9)
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOK:
1. Khandapur R S, Handbook of Bio-Medical Instrumentation, Second Edition, TataMcGraw Hill Publishing Company, Ltd., 2003.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. John G Webster, Medical Instrumentation- Application and Design, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, Third
Edition,1999.2. Joseph Dubovy, Introduction To Bio-Medical, McGraw Hill Co., 1978.
3. Terry Bahila, Biomedical And Clinical Engineering, Prentice Hall Inc., 1981.
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BIO SIGNAL PROSESSING
UNIT IBIOSIGNALS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS: Source of Bioelectric potential,
Resting and action potential, Propagation of action potentials in nerves, Rhythmicexcitation of heart, Characteristics of biomedical signals, Biosignal acquisition - ECG
acquisitionECGSignalcharacteristics. (9)UNIT II
SIGNAL CONVERSION, DISCRETE FOURIER SERIES & TRANSFORMS:Conversion requirements for biomedical signals- Sampling theorem - Simple signal
conversion system- Discrete Fourier series (DFS) and its properties, Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) and its properties. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT): Radix-2, decimation
in time and frequency algorithms. (9)
UNIT IIIFILTERING TECHNIQUES AND SIGNAL AVERAGING: Basics of Digital filters -
FIR and IIR Filter design for ECG Analysis - Integer Filters - HP, LP, BP and Band -
Reject Integer Filter, Adaptive Filters- Principle of noise canceller model, 50Hz adaptivecanceling using a sine wave model. Signal Averaging-Signal averaging as a digital Filter- ECG Signal Averaging. (9)
UNIT IV
DATA REDUCTION TECHNIQUES AND ECG QRS DETECTION ANDANALYSIS: Turning point algorithm, AZTEC algorithm, Fan algorithm, Huffman
algorithm, Power Spectrum of ECG filtering Techniques - Bandpass Filtering Techniques- Differentiation Techniques - Template matching Techniques ,QRS detection algorithm.
ECG Interpretation - ST segment analyzer- arrhythmia monitor. (9)
ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATION OF DSP: Digital Signal processor-Architecture of Texas Instruments TMS320 Processor Application and design studies-
Evaluation boards for real time signal Processing-Detection of fetal heart sound-Equalization of digital audio sounds (9)
Total 45
TEXT BOOKS:1.Tompkins W.J,Biomedical Digital Signal Processing Printice Hall,New Delhi,19952. Emmanuel C.Ifeachor,Barrie W.Jervis, Digital Signal Processing A PracticalApproach, 2
ndEdition, Pearson Education , New Delhi,2003.
REFERENCES:1. Guyton AC, "Human Physiology", Prism International, 1991.
2. Oppenheim A.V et.al. , Discrete Time Signal Processing, Prentice Hall India, NewDelhi, 1999
3. Reddy DC, "Biomedical Signal Processing. Principles and Techniques, McGraw Hill,New Delhi, 2005.
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BIOSENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS
UNIT: I
GENERAL COMPONENTS AND WORKING PRINCIPLES OF BIOSENSORS:
Historical perspective; Signal transduction; Physico-chemical and biological transducers;
Sensor types and technologies. Terminology and working vocabulary; Main technicaldefinitions: calibration, selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, detection limits, response
time; Problems and trade-offs. 9
UNIT: II PHYSICO-CHEMICAL TRANSDUCERS :Electrochemical transducers (amperometric, potentiometric, conductimetric);
Semiconductor transducers (ISFET, ENFET); Optical transducers (absorption,fluorescence, bio/chemiluminescence, SPR); Thermal transducers; iezoelectric and
acoustic-wave transducers; Limitations & problems to be addressed; An Overview ofPerformance and Applications. 9
UNIT: III BIORECOGNITION SYSTEMS :Enzymes; Oligonucleotides and Nucleic Acids; Lipids (Langmuir-Blodgett bilayers,Phospholipids, Liposomes); Membrane receptors and transporters; Microbial metabolism;
Tissue and organelles (animal and plant tissue); Cell culture; Immuno receptors;Chemoreceptors; Limitations & problems.
IMMOBILIZATION:Enzyme immobilization;Peptide immobilization; Antibody
immobilization; Oligonucleotides and Nucleic Acid immobilization; Cell immobilization.
UNIT: IV BIOSENSORS : Catalytic biosensors: mono-enzyme electrodes; bi-enzymeelectrodes: enzyme sequence electrodes and enzyme competition electrodes; Affinity-
based biosensors; Inhibition- based biosensors; Cell-based biosensors; Biochips andbiosensor arrays; Problems and limitations. 9
UNIT: V BIOSENSOR ENGINEERING :
Methods for biosensors fabrication: self-assembled monolayers, screen printing,photolithography, microcontact printing, MEMS. Engineering concepts for mass
production.
APPLICATION:Clinical chemistry; Test-strips for glucose monitoring; Urea determination; Implantable
sensors for long-term monitoring; Drug development and detection; Environmentalmonitoring; Technological process control; Food quality control; Forensic science
benefits; Problems & limitations. 9
Total 45
TEXT BOOKS:1. Brian Eggins, Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, John Willey & Sons, 2002.
2. Biosensors: Ed.2 Anthony E G Cass, Jonathan M Cooper, Oxford University Press,2004.
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REFERENCES:1. Victor C Yang and That T Ngo, Biosensors and their Applications, 660.6 PO Yan
Kluwer Academic, 2000.2. Scheller F, and Schmid R D, Biosensors, Fundamentals, Technologies and
Applications, Vch Publishers, Vol.17,1992.
3. Ajit Sadana, Engineering Biosensors: Kinetics and Design Applications, SaoAcademic Press, 2002.
4. Scott A O, Biosensors for Food Analysis, Royal Society, 1999.5. Ruth Freitag, Biosensors in Analytical Biotechnology, Academic Press, 1996.
6. Richard P Buck, William E Hatfield and Mirtha Umana, Biosensor Technology,Fundamentals and Applications,
Mirtha Umana 579 NO Buck Marcel Dekkar, 1980.
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REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
UNIT I PROSTHETIC AND ORTHOTIC DEVICES 9Hand and arm replacement, different types of models for externally powered limb
prosthetics, feedback in orthotic system, material for prosthetic and orthotic devices,mobility aids.
UNIT II AUDITORY AND SPEECH ASSIST DEVICES 9Types of deafness, hearing aids, application of DSP in hearing aids, vestibular implants,Voice synthesizer, speech trainer.
UNIT III VISUAL AIDS 9Ultra sonic and laser canes, Intra ocular lens, Braille Reader, Tactile devices for visuallychallenged, Text voice converter, screen readers.
UNIT IV MEDICAL STIMULATOR 9
Muscle and nerve stimulator, Location for Stimulation, Functional Electrical Stimulation,Sensory Assist Devices
UNIT V REHABILITATION MEDICINE AND ADVOCACY 9Physiological aspects of Function recovery, Psychological aspects of Rehabilitationtherapy, Legal aspect available in choosing the device and provision available in education,
job and in day-to-day life.
TOTAL:45 PERIODS
REFERENCES
1. Levine.S.N.Editor, Advances in Bio Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, InterUniversity Publication, New York 1968.
2. Albert M.Cook and Webster J.G, Therapeutic Medical devices, Prentice Hall Inc.,NewJersy, 1982.
3. Reswick.J, What is Rehabilitation Engineering, Annual review of Rehabilitation-volume2, Springer-Verlag, New York 1982. Hanfredclynes, Biomedical
Engineering Systems, McGraw Hill, 19994.Handbook of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, W.B.Saunders Publications,
2003
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MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
UNIT I
UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY: Basics types of transitions Instrumentation double
beam UV-VIS spectrophotometer Factors influencing max Woodward fieser rules applications. (9)
UNIT IIIR SPECTROSCOPY: Basics - theory Instrumentation sample handling working
of double beam IR spectrophotometer modes of vibrations selection rules factorsinfluencing vibrational frequencies interpretation of spectra Finger print region
PQR branches characteristic group frequencies applications to organic and inorganiccompounds problems. Raman Spectroscopy: Basics Stokes and antistokes lines
comparison of IR & Raman mutual exclusion principle applications. (9)
UNIT IIIMASS SPECTROMETRY: Principles Instrumentation double focusing mass
spectrometer molecular ions metastable ions fragmentation pattern McLafferty
rearrangement Retro diels alder reaction determination of molecular weight nitrogen rule fragmentation in organic compounds. Mossbauer spectroscopy:Mossbauer nuclei Doppler effect isomer shift quadrupole splitting magnetic
hyperfine interactions applications. (9)
UNIT IV
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY: Proton magneticresonance theory relaxation processes chemical shift factors affecting chemical
shift spin-spin coupling coupling constants first order splitting patterns and secondorder effects on spectrum AMX, ABX and ABC systems Nuclear overhausear effect
Double resonance 13C NMR spectra theory chemical shifts and correlations.(9)
UNIT V
ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY: Principle factors affectingthe intensity hyperfine splitting g values and heir significance application to simple
systems. (9)
Total 45
TEXT BOOKS:1. Kemp W, Organic Spectroscopy, Third Edition, ELBS, McMillan, London, 1991.
2. Banwell C N and McCash E M, Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, FourthEdition, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,1995.
REFERENCES:1. Silverstein R M, Bassler G C and Morril T C, Spectrometric Identification of Organic
Compounds, John Wiley, New York, 1991.2. Drago R, Physical Methods for Chemists, Saunders, Philadelphia, 1992.
3. Williams D.H and Fleming I, Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, FourthEdition, McGraw Hill, New York, 1989.
4. Pasto D, Johnson C and M.Miller, Experiments and techniques in OrganicChemistry, Prentice- Hall Inc., New Jersey, 1992.
5. Pavia D L, Lampman G M and Kriz G S, Introduction to Spectroscopy, ThirdEdition. Brooks/Cole Pub, Singapore, 2001.
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ASSIST DEVICES
UNIT I
CARDIAC ASSIST DEVICES 9
Principle of External counter pulsation techniques, intra aortic balloon pump, Auxillaryventricle and schematic for temporary bypass of left ventricle, prosthetic heart valves.
UNIT II
HEMODIALYSERS 9Artificial kidney, Dialysis action, hemodialyser unit, membrane dialysis, portable
dialyser monitoring and functional parameters.
UNIT III
HEARING AIDS 9Common tests audiograms, airconduction, boneconduction, masking techniques, SISI,
Hearing aids principles, drawbacks in the conventional unit, DSP based hearing aids.
UNIT IV
PROSTHETIC AND ORTHODIC DEVICES 9
Hand and arm replacement different types of models, externally powered limbprosthesis, feedback in orthodic system, functional electrical stimulation, sensory assist
devices.
UNIT V
RECENT TRENDS 9Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator, bio-feedback-EMG, EEG, Electrodermal,
Cardiopulmonary, applications.
TOTAL: 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Levine S.N. (ed), Advances in Bio-medical engineering and Medical physics, Vol. I,II, IV, inter university publications, New York, 1968 (Unit I, IV, V).
2. Kolff W.J, Artificial Organs, John Wiley and sons, New York, 1976. (Unit II ).3. Albert M.Cook and Webster J.G, Therapeutic Medical Devices, Prentice Hall Inc.,
New Jersey, 1982 (Unit III).
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COMPUTER NETWORKS
UNIT I PHYSICAL LAYER 9
Data Communications Networks - Networks models OSI model Layers in OSImodel TCP / IP protocol suite Addressing Guided and Unguided Transmission
media Switching: Circuit switched networks Data gram Networks Virtual circuitnetworks Cable networks for Data transmission: Dialup modems DSL Cable TV
Cable TV for Data transfer.
UNIT II DATA LINK LAYER 9Data link control: Framing Flow and error control Protocols for Noiseless and Noisy
Channels HDLC Multiple access: Random access Controlled access Wired LANS :Ethernet IEEE standards standard Ethernet changes in the standard Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet. Wireless LANS : IEEE 802.11Bluetooth. Connecting LANS:Connecting devices - Backbone networks - Virtual LANS Virtual circuit networks:
Architecture and Layers of Frame Relay and ATM.
UNIT III NETWORK LAYER 9
Logical addressing: IPv4, IPv6 addresses Internet Protocol: Internetworking IPv4, IPv6- Address mapping ARP, RARP, BOOTP, DHCP, ICMP, IGMP, Delivery -Forwarding- Routing Unicast, Multicast routing protocols.
UNIT IV TRANSPORT LAYER 9
Process-to-Process delivery - User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP) Congestion Control Quality of services (QoS) Techniques to
improve QoS.
UNIT V APPLICATION LAYER 9Domain Name System (DNS) E-mail FTP WWW HTTP Multimedia Network
Security: Cryptography Symmetric key and Public Key algorithms - Digital signature Management of Public keys Communication Security Authentication Protocols.
TOTAL: 45
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Behrouz A. Foruzan, Data communication and Networking, Tata McGraw-Hill,:Unit I IV, 2006.
2. Andrew S. Tannenbaum, Computer Networks, Pearson Education, Fourth Edition, :Unit V, 2003.
REFERENCES:1. Wayne Tomasi, Introduction to Data Communication and Networking, 1/e, Pearson
Education.2. James .F. Kurouse & W. Rouse, Computer Networking: A Topdown Approach
Featuring,3/e, Pearson Education.3. C.Sivaram Murthy, B.S.Manoj, Ad hoc Wireless Networks Architecture and
Protocols, Second Edition, Pearson Education.4. Greg Tomshon, Ed Tittel, David Johnson. Guide to Networking Essentials, fifth
edition, Thomson India Learning, 2007.5. William Stallings, Data and Computer Communication, Eighth Edition, Pearson
Education, 2000.
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BIONANOTECHNOLOGY
UNIT I 9Introduction to Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Visualization and Manipulation
on Nanoscale. Atomic Force Microscopy, Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy,Scanning Probe Microscopy, Nanoscale Scanning Electron Microscopy, Optical Imaging
with a Silver Superlens.
UNIT II 9QuantumDots, Gold Nanoparticles, Lipoparticies, Assembly of Nanoparticles into
Micelles, Biomedical Applications of Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles, Paramagnetic andSuperparamagnetic Nanoparticles, Fluorescent Nanoparticles.
UNIT III 9
Bacterial Structure Relevant to Nanobiotechnology, Cubosomes, Dendrimers,DNANanoparticle Conjugates, DNA Octahedron, Fullerenes, Nanoshells, Carbon
Nanotubes, Nanopores, Nano structured Sillicon.
UNIT IV 9Molecular Motors, Nano particles for Molecular Diagnostics, Nano biosensors.
UNIT -V 9Nanopharmaceuticals, Nanoparticle Based Drug Delivery, Nanostructures for TissueEngineering/Regenerative. Medicine, Ethical Safety, and Regulatory issues of
Nanomedicine.
TOTAL: 45
References1. Nanobiotechnology: Bioinspired Devices and Materials of the Future: Oded Shoseyov
and llan Levy.2. Nanomaterials and Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications: M.Reza Mozafari.
3. The Handbook of Nanomedicine, Kewal K.Jain4. Bio Nanotechnology, Elisabeth S.Pappazoglou, Aravind Parthasarathy
5. Biomedical Nanostructures, Kenneth E.Goonsalves, Craig R.Halberstadt, Cate T.Laurecin, Lakshmi S.Nair.
6. Nanotechnology Basic Science and Emerging Technologies. Mick Wilson et al.,Overseas Press India (P) Ltd. 2005
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BIOMEMS
UNIT I MEMS AND MICROSYSTEMS 9Typical MEMs and Microsystems, , materials for MEMS - active substrate materials-
Silicon and its compounds, Silicon piezoresistors, Gallium Arsenide, quartz, polymers.Micromachining- photolithography, thin film deposition, doping, etching, bulk
machining,wafer bonding, LIGAUNIT II MICROSENSORS AND ACUATORS 9Mechanics for MEMs design- static bending of thin plates,mechanical vibration,thermomechanics, fracture and thin film mechanics. Mechanical sensors and actuators
beam and cantilever microplates, strain, pressure and flow measurements, gyroscope,piezoactuator.Thermal sensors and actuators- micromachined thermocouple probe, Peltier
effect hat pumps, thermal flow sensors
UNIT III MICRO OPTO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 9
Fundamental principle of MOEMS technology, light modulators, beam splitter,microlens,digital micromirror devices, light detectors, grating light valve, optical switch
UNIT IV MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS 9Fluid dynamics, continuity equation, momentum equation, equation of motion, laminarflow in circular conduits, fluid flow in microconduits, in submicrometer and nanoscale.
Microscale fluid, expression for liquid flow in a channel, fluid actuation methods,dielectriophoresis, microfluid dispenser, microneedle, micropumps-continuous flow
system
UNIT V APPLICATIONS OF BIOMEMS 9
CAD for MEMs, Drug delivery, micro total analysis systems (MicroTAS) detection andmeasurement methods, microsystem approaches to polymerase chain reaction (PCR),
DNA hybridization
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:1. Nitaigour Premchand Mahalik, MEMS, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company,
New Delhi, 20072. Tai Ran Hsu , MEMS and Microsystems design and manufacture, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2002
REFERENCE:
1. Wanjun Wang, Stephen A.Soper,BioMEMs: Technologies and applications, CRCPress, New York, 2007
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ADVANCED MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
UNIT I 9
Microprocessor based ECG machines. Holter monitoring. TMT system. Digital centralmonitoring systems for patient monitoring. Design concepts. Advanced computer based
arrhythmia detection system-software design protocols.
UNIT II 9
Sound stimulators- Measurement of average auditory evoked potential - application-Photostimulators-Visually evoked potential measurement and application - Recording-
Amplifiers -Analysis and storage - Brain mappers (EEG)- principles and measurements,Computerized tonometer, Keratometers.
UNIT III 9
Impedance techniques: Bipolar and retrapolar circuits, detection of physiologicalactivities usingimpedance techniques - cardiac output, neural activity, respiratory activity,
impedance plethysmography- resistance and capacitance type. Spirometer.Microprocessor based pulse oximeters.
UNIT IV 9
Advanced analytical aids - Fundamentals of NMR spectroscopy, X-ray spectrometers,mass spectrometers, Raman and Moss Beer spectroscopy.
UNIT V 9Blood Gas Analyser, Automated Biochemical analysis Systems. Thermography
Principles and Recording.
TOTAL: 45
Text t Books1. John G. Webster, Medical Instrumentation Application and Design, John Wiley and
Sons, New York2 Keith H. Chiappa, Evoked potential in clinical testing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
3.J. D. Bronzino, The Biomedical Engineering Handbook- Vol. 1 & 2, Boca Raton,FL: CRC Press
4.R.S. Kandhpur, Analytical Instrumentation, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2002
Reference Books
1. JohnG. Webster, The Measurement, Instrumentation & Sensors Handbook, CRC Press,1998.
2. IEEE Medical Electronics Monograph Vol. 7 to 12.3. S. E. Sutphin, Advanced Medical Instrumentation and Equipment, Prentice Hall, 1987
4. John D. Enderle, Susan M. Blanchard, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering,Academic Press,1999.
5. Donna Maseric, Neural networks and Artificial Intelligence for Biomedicalengineering, Prentice hall of India.
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GENETIC ENGINEERING
Unit I: Introduction to genetic engineering: 9
Brief history of recombinant DNA technology. Molecular tools of genetic technology-restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase, alkaline phosphotase, DNA modifying enzymes.
Host cells- the factories of cloning. Vectors the cloning vehicles viz. Plasmids,cosmids, bacteriophage, artificial chromosome vectors, shuttle vectors. Choice of a vector
Unit II: Methods of gene transfer: 9Transformation, conjugation, electroporation, liposome mediated gene transfer,
transduction, and direct transfer of DNA. Gene cloning strategies- cloning from genomicDNA or mRNA. Enzymes in gene transfer:DNA polymerase, Polynucleotide kinase, T4
DNA ligase, Terminal deoxynucleotidy1 transferase, Reverse transcriptase Restrictionendonucleases Type I & II.
Unit III: Basic techniques in genetic engineering : 9Agarose gel electrophoresis, isolation and purification of nucleic acids, isolation of
chromosomes, nucleic acid blotting techniques, DNA sequencing, chemical synthesis ofDNA, PCR .
Unit IV: DNA in disease diagnosis and medical forensics: 9
Methods of DNA assay. DNA in the diagnosis of infectious disease, DNA in thediagnosis of genetic diseases, DNA , DNA finger printing or DNA profiling.Pharmaceutical products of genetic engineering- human protein replacements, therapeutic
agents for human diseases.
Unit V: GENE MODIFICATION & APPLICATION OF RECOMBINANT DNA
TECHNOLOGY- 9Mutagenesis Deletion mutagenesis, Oligonucletoide derived mutagenesis, Site directed
mutagensis Its applications; Applications of rDNA technology gene therapy- Ex vivogene therapy, invivo gene therapy, antigene and anti sense therapy.
TOTAL: 45
TEXT BOOKS;1. Principles of Gene Manipulation by R.W.Old and S.B.Primrose ThirdEdition Blackwell Scientific Publication
2. Genes VI by B.Lewin3. From Genes to Clones by E.L.Winnecker.4. Gene Cloning by T.A.Brown
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BIOTELEMETRY
UNIT I :INTRODUCTION TO TELEMETRY PRINCIPLE 9Basic system classification Non electrical telemetry systems Voltage and Current
telemetry systems local transmitters and converters frequency telemetering Power
Line Carrier Communication (PLCC).
UNIT II: BIOTELEMETRY PRINCIPLES: 9
Introduction Physiological parameters adaptable to Biotelemetry Components ofBiotelemetry system: Transmitters Receivers Transmission lines Antennas Filters
modulation and multiplexing methods used.
UNIT III RADIOPILL IN BIOTELEMETRY
Radio pill Telemetry, Portable and Landline Telemetry unit, frequency allotment ,Applications in Gastroenterology .
UNIT IV: BIOTELEMETRY SYSTEMS: 9
Radio telemetry Infrared telemetry ultrasonic telemetry storage telemetry wiredtelemetry wireless telemetry single channel telemetry system temperature telemetry
system multi channel telemetry system multipatient telemetry implantable telemetrysystem.
UNIT V: APPLICATIONS OF BIOTELEMETRY: 9
Application in cardio vascular system Application in neurology Application inmonitoring of Biomechanical parameters Application in urology Application in
monitoring and control of Diabetes mellitus Application in sports and medicine Application in patient care.
Total 45
TEXT BOOK:
1. John G Webster, Encyclopedia of Medical devices and Instrumentation Vol.1,John Wiley and Sons, 1988
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Patranabis D, Telemetry Principles, TMH, New Delhi, 1999.2. Leslie Cromwell, Fred J Weibell and Erich A Pfeiffer, Biomedical Instrumentation
and Measurements, PHI, Second Edition, 2003.3. Khandpur R S, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi,1987