Download - Biology SPM 2004 Paper 2
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Paper 2 Time: 2 hours 30 minutes
Section A[6O marhsl
Answer all qu.estions in this section.
Figure 1(a) shows a reaction catalysed by lipase.
(a) (i)
(ii)
Figure 1(a)Label P, Q, R and S in Figure 1(a).
State two characteristics of P.
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[2 marks](b) (i) State the principle of exzymic reaction as shown in Figure 1(a).
IL markj(ii) What can you deduce about the enzyme lipase based on Figure L(a)?
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(c) Enz5rmes are used widelyState one use of lipase in
in industries.food industry.
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(d) The temperature at which a lipase reaction takes place is increased to more than 60"C.State the effect on the quantity of the product. Explain your enswer.
(e) Figure (b) shows a box of washing powder.
Brond XWashing powder
with added eruzyme
0 ,,"Figure 1(b)
A housewife uses cold water to wash her clothes with brand X washing powder.The cleaning is less effective.Using the above information, explain why.
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2 Figure 2 shows a fluid mosaic model of a plasma membrane.
Figure 2(a) Label any two structures J, K, L or M in Figure 2 using the following terms:
Protein carrier Hydrophilic headProtein pore Hydrophobic tailCholesterol
(b) Molecules can pass through structure L in Figure 2 by facilitated diffusion.(i) State one characteristic of the molecule that can pass through structure L.
(ii) Explain how molecules pass through structure L.
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[1 mark]
tl
r)
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(c) State one characteristic of the plasma membrane based on the model in Figure 2.
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(d) Using the mechanism of movement of a substance across the plasma membrane throughosmosis:(i) Explain why food is preserved using concentrated sugar solution.
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(ii) Sketch a diagram to show the movement of the substance that you have described in(dxi).
[3 marks]
Figure 3(a) shows the human circulatory system.
Figure 3(a)
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(a) circulations R and S. Describe each circulation.Name
(i) R:Description:
(ii) s:Description:
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(b) On Figure 3, mark the following flow of blood to illustrate the circulations R and S.o Oxygenated blood with the arrow (
o Deoxygenated blood with the arrow (--------|)ll markl
(c) The pacemaker of a patient's heart fails to function. An electronic pacemaker is used toreplace the original pacemaker.Explain how the electronic pacemaker works.
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(d) Table 1 shows the volume of blood and the blood pressure in blood vessels X and Y.Blood vessel Volume /cm3 Pressure /kPa
x 100 13.3
Y 300 0.3
Table 1
Based on Figure 3(a) and Table 1, what conclusion can you make about the rate of bloodflow in the blood vessels X andY?
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(i)
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Explain your answer.
[2marksl(ii) Explain how vigorous exercise increases the blood flow in the blood vessel X.
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Figure 4 shows a terrestrial ecosystem.
yl .reY
Abiotic tr";;"#components: r.------:------ -rljrotrc i-^-l
. I Uecomposer ll IComPonentS: L------:--------Figure 4
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(a)
(b)
Abiotic and biotic components influence the lives of organisms.Fill in the boxes in Figure 4 to show two more abiotic components and two more bioticcomponents.
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On Figure 4, mark and label one example of the following organisms.(i) Producer(ii) Consumer(iii) Decom'oser
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Based on Figure 4, construct one food chain consisting of four trophic level.lst trophic______>2nd trophic
,3rd trophic th trophiclevel - level - level -level
[2mnrks](d) An organism in the 3rd trophic level in Figure 4 has decreased in number.
(i) Based on the food chain you have constructed in (c), suggest a way to increase thenumbers of this organism again.
[lmark)(ii) Explain your suggestion in (dXi).
(c)
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[2 marksl(e) The organisms in the trophic level in Figure 4 absorbs 15 000 kJ solar energ"y.
Energy loss at each trophic level is 90Vo.Calculate the total every transferred to the organisms in the 3rd trophic level.
t2 mc.rhsTKJ
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5 Figure 5 shows the regulation of specific hormones towards the development in the ovary.
Pituitary gland
Hormone X Hormone Y
12 L4 16 18Rajah 5
22 24 26 28
(a) Based
Hormo ne X:
on Figure 5, name hormone X and state its role.
isi"-@ @ #Pnmaryfollicle
(b)
Role:
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Explain how an imbalance of hormones P and Y causes the disruption of the ovulationprocess.
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(c) {i)
(ii)
In Figure 5, draw the change that occurs to structure T on the 26th day.tf markl
Based of Figure 5, state the relationship between the changes in structure T and thelevel ofhormone Q from the 16th to the 26th day.
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(d) Based on Figure 5, explain the importance of the pituitary gland in the menstrual cycle.
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Section B120 marksl
Answer any one questions frorn this section-
(a) Figure 6 shows energ"y releasing process in a human muscle cell.
iiil1ili.Glucose ,.' ,: ,,..\ .',^'ii'
\ r1l'@ ilj\Procesb ]Q
i*rjj!i| i!r\'1-S.\ I\\WJ. ,i,iii j;,)r.t,
,/ "'i2 ATP ...
Explain how
Figure 6
processes P and Q occur in hdman muscle cells. [4 marks]
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An athlete has just completed a 400 metre track event. His leg muscles are painful dueto muscle fatigue. The athlete then carries out the followi ng actions.o Wears a track suit. Takes a few long deeP breaths. Walks freely as a'cooling down'activityExplain why the athlete carries out these actions.
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Human and fish respiratory systems are adaptedCompare and explain the adaptions.
to function in their respective habitats.
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Figure 7(a) shows a reflex arc and Figure 7(b) shows the regulation of glucose in the blood.Both figures illustrate coordination systems in the human body.
Blood glucoselevel normalises
Figure 7(a)Glucose
tGlycogerl
From theheart
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IAorta
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To theheart
IVenacava
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(b) Figure 7(c) shows the organs and glands involved in regulating the human body temperature.
Drop inenvironmentaltemperature-
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A student skatesBased on Figure
Adrenal
Figure Z(c)on an ice skating rink.7(c), explain how regulation of the student's body
rtu
,,h)
temperature occurs.
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Section C[20 marhsl
Answer any orne questions from this section.
Mendel's First Law:A characteristic of an organism is determined by a pair of genes located at the samelocus of a pair of homologous chromosomes. Only one of the pair of genes can be presentin a gamete.
lllustrate the above statements using the following cross:
Mice are pests to household properties and crops.An experiment to control mice population is conducted. In the experiment, a type ofchemical, K which causes mutation to the mice is use.
Discuss the control of mice population using the chemical K.[lO marksl
llfit
l(.fi1
3 (a)
(b)
Hypothalamus
Skin
ParentFemale
Black mouseX
Male
Black mouse
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4 (a) Fieure 8(a) shows the different characteristics among members of a family.
Based on Figure B(a), identi$r the different characteristics among the family members. Discusshow the difference in characteristics is inherited.ftO marh,sl
(b) Fieure 8(b) shows a genetic pedigree of haemophilia in three generations.
ffiFigure 8(a)
XIIY XH)OGeneration I
Generation II
Generation III
Keys: h- Haemophilia alleleNormal male
Normal female
Carrier female
Haemophiliac female
statements mentioned, based on Figure g(b).[1O marks]
Ikan
ahl
! Uu"-ophiliac male
o@o
Figure 8(b)721
Haemophilia is a genetic disease that could be inherited and occurswithin a specific gender.
Inheritance of haemophilia can be prevented in a family.
State your opinion and explain both the
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