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Biology NotesScientific Methods
Part 1Pages 3-11
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Standard
___ Identify what is science, what clearly is not science, and what superficially resembles science
Essential Questions 1. What makes something alive?
1.1
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I. What is Biology?
Biology = the study of _____
• For an organism to be considered _________, it must possess certain _________________
life
alivecharacteristics
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A. Characteristics of Living Things
1. All living things are made up of _______
Red blood cells
Plant Cells Foot fungus cells
cells
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Cell = a collection of living ________ enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its ____________
• A cell is the smallest unit of _________ considered to be _____
Creatures with only one cell are called ____________ while creatures with more than one cell are called ____________
matter
alivematter
unicellular
multi-cellular
environment
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Unicellular or Multi-Cellular????
unicellular plankton
multi-cellular bird
multi-cellular flower
unicellular gut bacteria
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2. All living things _____________
• Sexual Reproduction = creating a new __________ from cells of ___ different ________
e.g.
reproduce
organism 2
humans, fish, plants, lions, etc.
parents
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• Asexual Reproduction = creating a new __________ from only ____ parent
e.g.organism one
Hydra (budding); most unicellular organisms
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3. All living things are based on a _________ code (____)
• Organisms created by __________reproduction are identical to the single parent. They have the same _______ or genetic code.
• Organisms created by _______reproduction are similar to ______ parents because the offspring have DNA from each parent.
geneticDNA
asexual
sexual
DNA
both
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4. All living things ______ and ________
• Unicellular organisms typically only ______ in size whereas multi-cellular organisms grow and _________
• Differentiation = the process of development where a single cell will ____________ and the groups of cell will take on different _______ in the body
e.g.
grow develop
multiplyjobs
Nerve cells, brain cells, etc.
growdevelop
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Q. Do unicellular organisms grow and develop?
A. Unicellular organisms only grow
Q. Do multi-cellular organisms grow and develop?
A. Multi-cellular organisms both grow and develop.
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5. All living things need sources of _______
• Energy is needed to complete many of life’s __________
e.g.
• What is the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth? ____________
energy
functions
Cellular respiration (all organisms) / Photosynthesis (plants)
the sun
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• Metabolism = the series of __________ to build or break materials in order to obtain ___________ necessary for life ___________
e.g.
reactionsenergyfunctions
Eat food → broken down for energy (humans, animals, etc.)
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6. All living things __________ to their environment
• Stimulus = any signal to which an organism can respondStimuli can either external or __________
e.g.
respond
internalsun to plants → grow (external) /
low blood sugar → hunger → eat (internal)
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7. All living things maintain _______________
• Homeostasis = the ability of an organism to keep a ________ internal environment
e.g.
homeostasis
stable
body temperature / heart rate / sugar level
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8. As a group, living things __________
• Evolution = the change of an organism over _____ in order to adapt to a ___________ environment and _________
e.g.
change
timechanging survive
giraffe necks
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B. Hierarchy of Biology
Biologists can group systems and organisms
to study or ____________ progressively
from the simple to the most ________
investigatecomplex
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1. Subatomic Particles = _________, neutrons, and electrons that make up atoms
2. Atom = the basic unit of _______ e.g.
3. Molecule = a group of atoms that is the smallest unit of chemical ___________e.g.
4. Organelle = groups of molecules that perform the same tasks make up the different parts of a ____
e.g.
protons
matter
compounds
water, DNA, proteins, salt
oxygen atom, hydrogen atom
cell
nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria
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4. Cell = smallest living piece of __________
e.g.
5. Tissues = groups of similar cells that perform the same ___________
e.g.
6. Organ = groups of _________ that perform similar functions
e.g.
matter
nerve cell, liver cell
function
smooth tissue, connective tissue
tissues
brain, heart
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7. Organ System = groups of ________ that perform similar functions
e.g.
8. Organism = an individual living ______ that has multiple and interacting organ systems
e.g.
9. Population = groups of __________ that live in the same ______
e.g.
organs
digestive, circulatory
being
plant, person, worm
organismsarea
students at Sandalwood / herd of cows /flock of sheep
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10. Community = different ___________ that live in a defined area
i.e.
11. Ecosystem (Biome) = the community plus all the ___________ parts (climate)
i.e.
12. Biosphere = all ecosystems on _________
populations
Jax. Beach = surfers, turtles, fish, seaweed, etc.
non-living
tundra, rainforest, savanna
Earth
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