Download - Biology Chapter 1 The Science of Biology
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BiologyChapter 1
The Science of Biology
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Section 1What Science is and is not.
• The goal of science is to investigate and understand nature, to explain events in nature and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.
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• Science is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world.
• The word Science also refers to the body of knowledge that scientists have built up after years of using this process.
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Evidence Based on Observation• Science starts with observation.
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• Observation involves using one or more of the senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell, and sometimes taste to gather information.
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• The information gathered from observations is called evidence, or Data.
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• Observations can be classified into two types, Quantitative and Qualitative.
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Quantitative Observation• Quantitative Observations involve
numbers.• An example of quantitative observation is
“There are 4 sharks in the water!”
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Qualitative Observation• Qualitative Observations involve
characteristics that cannot be easily measured or counted, such as color or texture.
• A qualitative observation could be “That Great White shark has very rough skin!”
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Interpreting the Evidence• An observation alone has little meaning in
science, because the goal is to understand what was observed.
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• An Inference is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience.
• Example: researchers might sample water from a reservoir, if samples collected from different parts of the reservoir are all clean enough to drink, the researchers may Infer that all the water in the reservoir is safe to drink.
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Explaining the Evidence• A Hypothesis is a possible explanation for
a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question.
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• In everyday settings, a hypothesis can be stated about any topic or idea.
• In science, a hypothesis is useful only if it can be tested.
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• Scientific hypotheses may be developed and tested in different ways.
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• Hypotheses may arise from prior knowledge, logical inferences, or imaginative guesses.
• The testing may sometimes be done by making further observations or through careful questioning.
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• A hypothesis is tested through a controlled experiment.
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• The tests of a hypothesis may support it, or suggest that the hypothesis is partly true but needs to be revised.
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• The tests may even prove that the hypothesis is wrong.
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• No matter what the outcome, a tested hypothesis has value in science because it helps researchers advance scientific knowledge.
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Anole Dewlap Display• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sS7mZF
wUTFg&feature=relmfu
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Mid-Section Review• Define Data• Define Science• Define Inference• Define Quantitative Observation• Define Qualitative Observation• Define Hypothesis• What is the goal of science and why?• In everyday settings:• A hypothesis may arise from:• The tests of a hypothesis may:• The word science refers to:
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A Scientific View of the World• Scientists are persuaded by logical
arguments that are supported by evidence.
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• For scientists, science is an ongoing process, not the discovery of an unchanging, absolute truth.
• Scientific findings are always subject to revision as new evidence is developed.
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• Certain qualities are desirable in a scientist: Curiosity, honesty, openmindedness, skepticism, and the recognition that science has limits.
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• Despite recognizing the power of science, scientists know that science has definite limits.
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• Science cannot help you answer moral questions.
• Science cannot help you decide whether a painting is beautiful or cheating on a test is wrong.
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Science and Human Values• Today, scientists contribute information to
discussions about health and disease, and about the relationship between human beings and the rest of the living world.
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Section Review• Numbers 1-5
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Think, Pair, Share• Figures: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, and 1-6.
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Quiz• What is the goal of science?• An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world
___________.• Science starts with an _____________.• Information gathered from observations is known as ____________.• What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative
observations?• a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience is
known as ______________.• a possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a
scientific question is known as a ____________________.• A theory enables scientists to:• In science, testing a hypothesis often involves:• Today, scientists contribute information to: