Download - Biology a chapter four powerpoint
![Page 1: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Aim: How do molecules form
Aim: What is matter made of?
Do Now: on your paper
Notes are in cream.
![Page 2: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MatterMatter is any substance that has volume and
mass (takes up space & weighs something)EVERYTHING is made of matter!
![Page 3: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Elements= one of the 100+ pure substances that make up everything in the universe
![Page 4: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Examples of Elements
H = Hydrogen
C = CarbonO = Oxygen
N = Nitrogen
S = Sulfur
Na = SodiumCa = CalciumK = PotassiumI = IodineCl = Chlorine
P = Phosphorus
![Page 5: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Atom the tiniest bit of an element
The size of the atom determines which element it is.
![Page 6: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Molecules
• The smallest particle of a substance- it is composed of two or more atoms
![Page 7: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
More Examples of Molecules
Oxygen
![Page 8: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Elements vs. Compounds
• Elements = only one type of atom• Compound = more than one type of atom
An element: Nitrogen
A compound:
Carbon dioxide
![Page 9: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Compounds
Compounds : When two or more elements combine, they form A NEW SUBSTANCE with NEW PROPERTIES
Hydrogen Oxygen Water
This is a gas This is a gas This is a liquid
It STARTS a fire It STARTS a fire It STOPS a fire
![Page 10: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Compounds
Carbon Oxygen Carbon dioxideThis is a soft black solid
(Your pencil lead)
This is a gas
You need it to live
This is a gas
It is a WASTE
![Page 11: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Compounds
Carbon Oxygen Carbon monoxideThis is a soft black solid
(Your pencil lead)
This is a gas
You need it to live
This is a gas
It is a DEADLY POISON
![Page 12: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Wrap Up! Turn to the chapter 4 word wall on page 137. Record at least two “new to you” words that we used in class today.
![Page 13: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Aim: How do molecules form
Aim: How do molecules combine together to make living things?
Do Now: on your paper Notes are in cream.
![Page 14: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Chemical Formula
• Like a math problem• States how different atoms come
together to form a single molecule
2H + O H2O
![Page 15: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Structural FormulaShows the arrangement of the
atoms in a single molecule
Like the pictures we saw yesterday, but with letters instead of circles.
H HO
![Page 16: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Compounds
Inorganic Compounds or Organic
Compounds
![Page 17: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Inorganic Compounds
• usually don’t contain carbon• generally come from non-living things
• simple molecules (only a few atoms)
![Page 18: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Examples of Inorganic Compounds
H + O = H2O = Water
H + Cl = HCl = Stomach Acid
C + O = CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
Na + Cl = NaCl = Table Salt
![Page 19: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
What makes organic compounds different?
One word: CARBON!!
![Page 20: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Carbon is Special!!
• Carbon is the only element that can form rings and long chains.
• This allows it to be the “backbone” of very complex molecules.
• WITHOUT CARBON, LIFE WOULD NOT EXIST!!
![Page 21: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Organic Compounds
• Come from living things• generally complex molecules• Contain both carbon and hydrogen• COME IN FOUR TYPES
• 1. CARBOHYDRATES• 2. PROTEINS• 3. LIPIDS (FATS)• 4. NUCLEIC ACIDS
![Page 22: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What elements make up organic compounds?
• The 6 main elements of living things…• Carbon (C)• Hydrogen (H)• Oxygen (O) • Nitrogen (N)• Phosphorus (P)• Sulfur (S)
ALWAYS PRESENT
SOMETIMES PRESENT
USUALLY PRESENT
![Page 23: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Organic Compound #1-Carbohydrates
Found in foods like bread, rice, potatoes, & pasta.
![Page 24: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Organic Compound #1- Carbohydrates
![Page 25: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• Long chains of sugars• Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1.
• Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy.
Organic Compound #1- Carbohydrates
![Page 26: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Found in foods like meat, milk, and beans.
Organic Compound #2- Proteins
![Page 27: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Organic Compound #2- Proteins
![Page 28: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Complex, folded molecules that have specific jobs
• Proteins are made from the instructions in our DNA
• An important example that we will be talking a lot more about in biology (Living Environment) is: ENZYMES.
Organic Compound #2- Proteins
![Page 29: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Found in foods like butter, oil, & fried foods
Organic Compound #3- Lipids/Fats
![Page 30: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Organic Compound #3- Lipids/Fats
![Page 31: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Lipids are FATS, OILS, and WAXES.• Lipids store energy more efficiently
than carbohydrates• The CELL MEMBRANE is also made of
lipids- we will talk a lot more about this later.
Organic Compound #3- Lipids/Fats
![Page 32: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Organic Compound #3- Lipids/Fats
Fats can be SATURATED
Fats can be UNSATURATED
Saturated fats are SOLIDS like butter
Unsaturated fats are LIQUIDS like olive oil
Saturated fats are UNHEALTHY
Unsaturated fats are HEALTHY
In a saturated fat, the fatty acids are
STRAIGHT
In an unsaturated fat, the fatty acids are
BENT
![Page 33: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Organic Compound #3- Lipids/Fats
SATURATED Fats UNSATURATED Fats
![Page 34: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Organic Compound #3- Lipids/Fats
SATURATED Fats UNSATURATED Fats
![Page 35: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Organic Compound #4- Nucleic Acids
![Page 36: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• Two types- DNA and RNA• DNA is the set of instructions that
make up you!!• We will talk a LOT more about DNA
when we talk about genetics.
Organic Compound #4- Nucleic Acids
![Page 37: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Each of these compounds is made from building blocks
Organic Compound Building Block
Carbohydrates Simple Sugars (Monosaccharides)
Proteins Amino Acids
Lipids Fatty Acids and Glycerol
Nucleic Acids Nucleotides
![Page 38: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 39: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 40: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 41: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 42: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 43: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 44: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 45: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 46: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 47: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 48: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 49: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 50: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 51: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 52: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 53: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
What is it?
![Page 54: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Wrap Up! Turn to the chapter 4 word wall on page 137. Record at least two “new to you” words that we used in class today.
![Page 55: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Aim: How are organic molecules formed, and how
are they broken down again?Do Now: Please fill in this chart. Try to do it without looking at your notes.
Notes in blue.
![Page 56: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Some Vocabulary
•Monomer: Any of the subunits that make up organic molecules.
• Polymer: Any of the four organic molecules we’ve talked about.
• Peptide Bond: The bond that connects amino acids in a protein.
![Page 57: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Dehydration synthesis:
• De = un, to remove• Hydra = water• Synthesis = to make
![Page 58: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Dehydration Synthesis• Is a chemical reaction in which
water is removed from two molecules to join them together by a chemical bond.
• Two subunits (monomers) combine to become an organic molecule (polymer).
• WATER (H2O) is the BYPRODUCT.
![Page 59: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Dehydration Synthesis of Carbs
![Page 60: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Dehydration Synthesis of Proteins
![Page 61: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Hydrolysis:• Hydro = water• Lysis = to split apart
![Page 62: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Hydrolysis• Is a chemical reaction in which a
larger molecule is split apart into two smaller molecules by the addition of water.
• A complex molecule (polymer) becomes two simple molecules (monomers)
• WHAT DO YOU NOTICE ABOUT HYDROLYSIS AND DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS?
![Page 63: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Hydrolysis of carbohydrates
![Page 64: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Hydrolysis of Proteins
![Page 65: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Let’s Watch it Happen!!• http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehyd
rat/dehydrat.html
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7TdWLNhMtM
![Page 66: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Wrap Up! Turn to the chapter 4 word wall on page 137. Record at least two “new to you” words that we used in class today.
![Page 67: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Aim: Can we treat an acid burn in the same way we treat a regular burn?
Do Now: On your paper.Notes are in yellow.
![Page 68: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Aim: Can we treat an acid burn in the same way we treat a regular burn?
Do Now: On your paper.Notes are in yellow.
![Page 69: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Motivation: Acid ThrowingAcid throwing is when someone throws strong acid at another person in order to blind or disfigure them. Today, it is your job to help Chantou. A man burned her with acid in 2009 when she refused to marry him.Can we treat her burn in the same way we would treat a standard burn?
http://video.nytimes.com/video/2008/11/29/opinion/1194834033797/acid-attacks.html
![Page 70: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
What do we need to know to treat Chantou?
We need to know:1. What molecule is our skin made of?2. What happens to that type of molecule in high heat?3. What happens to that type of molecule in low pH (acid)?
![Page 71: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
What Molecule is our Skin Made of?
Living things are made of organic molecules, which are big and complex. There are four types of organic molecules:1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids (Fats)3. Nucleic acids (like DNA) 4. Proteins
![Page 72: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Carbohydrates
![Page 73: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Proteins
![Page 74: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Lipids (Fats)
![Page 75: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Nucleic Acids (Like DNA)
![Page 76: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Question One: What Molecule is our Skin Made of?
Which of the four types of molecules do you think our skin is made of? Why?
![Page 77: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Proteins
![Page 78: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
What is special about protein molecules?
Protein molecules are long chains of amino acids.
They are folded into very precise shapes in order to do specific jobs.
Some proteins, like those in our skin, provide structure.
Some proteins, called enzymes, make chemical reactions faster.
![Page 79: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Question Two: What happens proteins in high heat?• Any protein can be denatured.• Denature: to unfold. Proteins stop working
if they are denatured.• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter2/animation__protein_denaturation.html
![Page 80: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
High heat can denature a protein.• EGG WHITES are made from a protein called albumin.
• When albumin is folded, it is clear liquid.• What does albumin look like when it is denatured? (In
other words, cooked?)• http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/proteinstructure.html
![Page 81: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Egg whites that have been denatured
A person with a burn has denatured the proteins in their skin, exactly like the albumin in this egg.
![Page 82: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Question Three: What happens proteins in low pH (acid)?• To answer this, we are going to do an
experiment.• What will happen to albumin (egg white) if we
put it in an acid?
![Page 83: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Conclusion: Helping Chantou
What happens to the proteins in your skin when you burn them?Does acid injure your skin in the same way that heat does?Can we treat Chantou’s injury like a standard burn?
![Page 84: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Wrap Up! Turn to the chapter 4 word wall on page 137. Record at least two “new to you” words that we used in class today.
![Page 85: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Aim: What is an enzyme?
Do Now: on your paper.
Notes are yellow.
![Page 86: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Enzymes
• Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts.
• Catalyst – A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
![Page 87: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
In a Chemical Reaction, Reactants Products
• Reactants – the starting substances• Products – the substances formed during the reaction.
![Page 88: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Activation Energy
• The minimum energy needed for a chemical reaction to happen.
![Page 89: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
• Look at the graph:• Initial state = the
reactants • Final state = the
products • The red line is the
reaction with an enzyme
• The other line is without enzymes
• What does this mean?
![Page 90: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
• Substrate: the reactants that bind to the enzyme• Active site: the part of an enzyme that the reactants bind to.
![Page 91: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
![Page 92: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
![Page 93: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Facts about enzymes
• Enzymes can be reused• Reactions are reversible• The substrate must fit into the active site EXACTLY!
• Enzymes are specific for certain substrates
• Temperature and pH determine how well enzymes work
![Page 94: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
• Any proteins, including enzymes,
can be denatured.• Denature: to unfold. Enzymes
won’t work if they are denatured.
![Page 95: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
![Page 96: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
• Since the enzyme may unhook from the substrate, it may be reused many times.
Since the enzyme may unhook from the substrate, it may be reused many times.
![Page 97: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Why do we need enzymes?
• Enzymes Animation• Enzymes Animation
• http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/enzyme.swf
![Page 98: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Factors Affecting Enzyme Action
• 1. Temperature.• Enzymes work slowly at cold temperatures• Enzymes denature at high temperatures• Work best at the optimum temperature-
98.6 degrees for us- • This is why our body needs to maintain
homeostasis.
![Page 99: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
![Page 100: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Factors Affecting Enzyme Action
• 2. pH (acidity).• Enzymes denature at low pH (acids)• Enzymes work slowly at high pH (bases)• Work best at the neutral pH- 7 – equal to
water • This is why our body needs to maintain
homeostasis.
![Page 101: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
![Page 102: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Factors Affecting Enzyme Action
• 3. Substrate Concentration• The more substrate, the faster the reaction• Maximum reaction rate reached when ALL of the enzymes are being used at once!
![Page 103: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
![Page 104: Biology a chapter four powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a0fa931a28ab90398b47af/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Wrap Up! Turn to the chapter 4 word wall on page 137. Record at least two “new to you” words that we used in class today.