Download - Biology 1111K
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Biology 1111K
Lecture 2
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Slide 2 - particles
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Slide 3 – particle charge
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Slide 4 – Atomic symbols
Element Atomic symbol
Hydrogen H
Carbon C
Potassium K
Magnesium Mg
Calcium Ca
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Slide 5 – atomic mass or weight
Element Atomic mass
Carbon 12
Nitrogen 14
Oxygen 16
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Slide 6 – atomic number
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Slide 7 – periodic table
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Slide 8 - isotope
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Slide 9 – carbon 14
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Slide 10 – C 14 half-life sample
Time (Y) Isotope Amount Element Amount
0 C14 20 N14 0
1500 C14 17.5 N14 2.5
3000 C14 15 N14 5
6000 C14 10 N14 10
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Slide 11 – energy
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Slide 12 – stored energy
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Slide 13 – electron shells
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Slide 14 – electron shells
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Slide 15 – octet rule
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Slide 16 – chemical formulas
H2O – water - 2 hydrogen and one oxygen
CO2 – carbon dioxide - 1 carbon, 2 oxygen
H2SO4 – sulfuric acid – 2 hydrogen, one sulfur, and four oxygen
HCl – hydrochloric acid – one hydrogen, one chlorine
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Slide 17 – chemical equation
6 CO2 + 6 H2O = C6H12O6 + O2
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Slide 18 - compound
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Slide 19 – electron donor and acceptor
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Slide 20 - ions
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Slide 21 – covalent bonding – non-polar
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Slide 22 – polar covalent bonding
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Slide 23 – hydrogen bonding
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Slide 24 – shape of molecules
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Slide 25 – acids and bases
Acids – molecules that dissociates in water and releases hydrogen ions (H+). When dissociation is complete, the acid is called a strong acid.
HCl H+ and OH-
H2SO4 H+ and HSO4-
Bases – molecules that either takes up hydrogen ions (H+) or releases hydroxide ions (OH-). When dissociation is complete, the base is known as a strong base.
NaOH Na + and OH –
Pure water is neutral since in its rare ionic form it gives off equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.
H2O H+ and OH-
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Slide 26 – pH scale
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Slide 27 – carbonic acid - buffer
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Slide 28 – inorganic vs. organic molecules
Inorganic molecule Organic molecule
Usually contains positive and negative ions Always contains carbon and hydrogen
Usually ionic bonding Covalent bonding
Contains small numbers of atoms Large numbers of atoms
Associates with non-living matters Living matters
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Slide 29 – functional groups
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Slide 30 - isomers
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Slide 31 – organic molecules - carbohydrates
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Slide 32 – organic molecules - lipids
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Slide 33 – organic molecules - proteins
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Slide 34 – organic molecules - nucleic acids
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Slide 35 – polymers and monomers
Polymer Monomer
Polysaccharide Monosaccharide
Polypeptide Amino acid
Nucleic acid Nucleotide
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Slide 36 – condensation synthesis and hydrolysis
Condensation synthesis
Hydrolysis
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Slide 37 – carbohydrates and monosaccharide
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Slide 38 – ribose and deoxyribose sugars
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Slide 39 - glycogen
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Slide 40 - starch
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Slide 41 - cellulose
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Slide 42 - chitin
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Slide 43 – fats and oils
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Slide 44 – glycerol and triglycerides
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Slide 45 – waxes
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Slide 46 - phospholipids
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Slide 47 - steroids
Local Dog Admits Steroid Abuse
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Slide 48 – amino acids and proteins
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Slide 49 – protein structures
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Slide 50 - DNA
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Slide 51 – DNA base pairs
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Slide 52 – RNA base pairs
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Slide 53 – purines and pyrimidine
Pyrimidine Purine
DNA Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
RNA Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
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Slide 53 - codons
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Slide 54 - ATP
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Slide 55 – surface volume ratio